6 research outputs found
The Effects of Nootropic Drugs on Striatal 5-HT2A-Receptors in Outbred Mice with Different Efficacy of Exploratory Behavior
Get PDFResume. The effect of subchronic administration of nootropic drugs of different structures (piracetam 200 mg/kg/day, pantocalcin 200 mg/kg/day, semax 0.6 mg/ kg/day, nooglutil 50 mg/kg/day) to mice of the outbred line 1CR on spontaneous research activity in a closed cross-maze and on the binding characteristics of 5-HT2A-receptors in striatal membranes. In experiments using [3H] (+)Ketanserin, it has been established that the mice brains exhibiting a low efficacy of exploratory behavior (LEEB) in the closed cross-maze test has a lower density of 5-HT2A receptors (Bmax = 519 ± 13 fmol/ mg , p = 0.02) in comparison with the subpopulation with high efficacy of exploratory behavior (HEEB) (639 ± 48 fmol / mg). After 5-fold administration of nootropics, only in groups with LEEB there was a significant increase in the Bmax value under the action of all investigated nootropics: piracetam (643 ± 42 fmol/mg); pantocalcine (662 ± 29 fmol/mg); semax (742 ± 29 fmol/mg) and nooglutil (1145 fmol/mg) at p = 0.01. By the Kd value, the subpopulations did not initially differ and did not undergo significant changes under the action of the drugs. The presence of serotonin-positive effects of all drugs studied in animals with initially reduced receptor density is consistent with the hypothesis of the selective, modulating nature of the nootropics action
The effects of scopolamine and the nootropic drug phenotropil on rat brain neurotransmitter receptors during testing of the conditioned passive avoidance task
No full textВлияние ноотропных препаратов на 5-НТ2А-рецепторы стриатума аутбредных мышей с различной эффективностью исследовательского поведения
Get PDFResume. The effect of subchronic administration of nootropic drugs of different structures (piracetam 200 mg/kg/day, pantocalcin 200 mg/kg/day, semax 0.6 mg/ kg/day, nooglutil 50 mg/kg/day) to mice of the outbred line 1CR on spontaneous research activity in a closed cross-maze and on the binding characteristics of 5-HT2A-receptors in striatal membranes. In experiments using [3H] (+)Ketanserin, it has been established that the mice brains exhibiting a low efficacy of exploratory behavior (LEEB) in the closed cross-maze test has a lower density of 5-HT2A receptors (Bmax = 519 ± 13 fmol/ mg , p = 0.02) in comparison with the subpopulation with high efficacy of exploratory behavior (HEEB) (639 ± 48 fmol / mg). After 5-fold administration of nootropics, only in groups with LEEB there was a significant increase in the Bmax value under the action of all investigated nootropics: piracetam (643 ± 42 fmol/mg); pantocalcine (662 ± 29 fmol/mg); semax (742 ± 29 fmol/mg) and nooglutil (1145 fmol/mg) at p = 0.01. By the Kd value, the subpopulations did not initially differ and did not undergo significant changes under the action of the drugs. The presence of serotonin-positive effects of all drugs studied in animals with initially reduced receptor density is consistent with the hypothesis of the selective, modulating nature of the nootropics action.Изучено влияние субхронического введения ноотропных препаратов различного строения (пирацетама 200 мг/кг/день, пантокальцина 200 мг/кг/день, семакса 0,6 мг/кг/день, нооглютила 50 мг/кг/день) мышам аутбредной линии 1CR на спонтанную исследовательскую активность в закрытом крестообразном лабиринте и на характеристики связывания серотониновых рецепторов 5-НТ2А-типа в мембранах стриатума. В экспериментах с использованием [3Н](+)Кетансерина установлено, что мозг мышей, проявляющих низкую эффективность исследовательского поведения (НЭИП) в тесте «закрытый крестообразный лабиринт», отличается более низкой плотностью 5-НТ2А-рецепторов (Bmax = 519 ± 13 фмоль/мг, р = 0,02) по сравнению с субпопуляцией с высокой эффективностью исследовательского поведения (ВЭИП) (639 ± 48 фмоль/мг). После 5-кратного введения ноотропов лишь в группах с НЭИП наблюдалось значимое увеличение величины Bmax под действием всех исследованных ноотропов: пирацетама (643 ± 42 фмоль/мг); пантокальцина (662 ± 29 фмоль/мг); семакса (742 ± 29 фмоль/мг) и нооглютила (1145 фмоль/мг) при р = 0,01. По величине Kd субпопуляции исходно не различались и не претерпевали значимых изменений под действием препаратов. Наличие серотонин-позитивных эффектов у всех исследованных препаратов на животных с пониженным содержанием рецепторов согласуется с гипотезой об избирательном, модулирующем характере действия веществ с ноотропным эффектом
Postoperative prolonged infiltration anesthesia for multimodal perioperative pain management in patients with hip replacement arthroplasty
Get PDFТАЗОБЕДРЕННЫЙ СУСТАВ /ХИРТОТАЛЬНОЕ ЭНДОПРОТЕЗИРОВАНИЕАНЕСТЕЗИЯ ЭПИДУРАЛЬНАЯАНЕСТЕЗИЯ МЕСТНАЯАНЕСТЕЗИЯ ИНФИЛЬТРАЦИОННАЯРОПИВАКАИНА ГИДРОХЛОРИДМИКРОИНФУЗИОННАЯ ПОМПАЦель. Улучшить эффективность мультимодального периоперационного обезболивания у пациентов при тотальном эндопротезировании тазобедренного сустава за счет применения послеоперационной пролонгированной инфильтрационной анестезии области оперативного вмешательства. Материал и методы. Проведен проспективный сравнительный анализ результатов лечения 78 пациентов, которым было выполнено первичное тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: в первой группе в послеоперационном периоде использовали продленную эпидуральную анальгезию, во второй группе применяли пролонгированную 24-часовую инфильтрационную анестезию области операции введением 0,2% раствора ропивакаина гидрохлорида с помощью микроинфузионной помпы с постоянной скоростью 8 мл/час. У всех пациентов анализировали выраженность болевого синдрома, уровень плазменной концентрации кортизола, уровень гликемии. Также оценивали расход тримеперидина и время начала активизации пациентов. Оценку проводили за 24 часа до операции, а также через 6 и 24 часа после нее. Результаты. Через 24 часа после операции в первой и второй группах выраженность боли по шкале ВАШ составила 2,2±0,35 и 1,5±0,42 балла соответственно; уровень плазменного кортизола составил 768,5±45,8 нмоль/л и 584,6±54,2 нмоль/л соответственно; уровень концентрации глюкозы в крови составил 7,03±0,34 ммоль/л и 5,91±0,27 ммоль/л соответственно. Количество использованного тримеперидина за первые 24 часа после операции в первой и второй группах составило 38,6±2,95 мг и 21,3±3,17 мг соответственно. Первое присаживание и вертикализацию пациентов в первой группе осуществляли через 24,8±2,4 и 28±1,4 часа, во второй клинической группе – через 4,5±0,5 и 6,3±0,7 часа соответственно. Заключение. Применение пролонгированной инфильтрационной анестезии позволило на 46,7% эффективнее купировать болевой синдром, на 55,2% снизить количество требуемого тримеперидина в течение первых суток после операции и на 20,3±1,4 часа раньше начать активизацию пациентов по сравнению с продленной эпидуральной анестезией.Objective. To improve the efficiency of multimodal perioperative pain management in patients in case of the hip replacement arthroplasty using postoperative prolonged infiltration anesthesia in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. A prospective comparative analysis of the treatment results of 78 patients underwent the primary hip replacement arthroplasty was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) the first group of patients was treated with prolonged epidural analgesia in the postoperative period, while (2) in the second group, the patients were treated with prolonged 24-hour infiltration anesthesia at the area of the surgical intervention by 0.2% of the ropivacaine hydrochloride solution, administered using microinfusion pump with a constant rate of 8 ml per hour. All patients were assessed for intensity of the pain syndrome, plasma concentrations of the cortisol and blood glucose levels. Also, trimeperidine consumption rate and the start of patient’s activity were assessed. The evaluation was conducted 24 hours prior to the surgical intervention, as well as 6 and 24 hours after. Results. 24 hours after the surgery, the pain intensity scores assessed by the VAS were 2.2±0.35 and 1.5±0.42 points in the first and second clinical groups, respectively; the cortisol plasma levels 24 hours after the surgical intervention were 768.5±45.8 nmol/l and 584.6±54.2 nmol/l in the first and second clinical groups, respectively; the blood glucose levels after the surgical intervention were 7.03±0.34 mmol/l and 5.91±0.27 mmol/l in the first and second clinical groups, respectively. Trimeperidine consumption rates for the first 24 hours after the surgical intervention were 38.6±2.95 mg and 21.3±3.17 mg in the first and second clinical groups, respectively. The first sitting and complete verticalization of patients in the first group were performed in 24.8±2.4 and 28±1.4 hours, while in the second clinical group, these activities were performed in 4.5±0.5 and 6.3±0.7 hours respectively. Conclusions. The use of the prolonged infiltration anesthesia allowed by 46.7% more effectively arresting pain syndrome, by 55.2% reducing trimeperidine consumption rate for the first 24 hours after the surgical intervention and by 20.3±1.4 hours earlier starting activation of patients if compared to the prolonged epidural analgesia
Trace Element Assemblages of Pseudomorphic Iron Oxyhydroxides of the Pobeda-1 Hydrothermal Field, 17°08.7′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: The Development of a Halmyrolysis Model from LA-ICP-MS Data
No full textHalmyrolysis, as one of the global processes of alteration of seafloor hydrothermal sediments, needs to be recognized in terms of mineral and trace element evolution to elaborate new criteria for metallogenic and geoecological forecasts with respect to ocean exploration. The purpose of this paper is to explain trace elements’ behavior during the halmyrolysis of sulfide deposits. This task is resolved using an LA-ICP-MS analysis of iron oxyhydroxides (IOHs) on examples of oxidized pyrrhotite-rich diffusers of the ultramafic-hosted Pobeda-1 hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The IOHs formed after the sulfides were enriched in seawater-derived trace elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, P, U, Mo, V, REE, Cr). Six trace element assemblages (TEAs) are statistically recognized for the IOHs. TEA-I (Cu, In, Sn, Bi, Se, Te) is inherited from chalcopyrite, isocubanine and bornite microinclusions. TEA-II is typical of Zn sulfides (Zn, Cd, Sb, Tl, Ag) interacted with seawater (Mg, U, Mo, Ni, Na, K) and hydrothermal fluid (Eu). TEA-III (Ca, Sr, Cu, Si, Se, P, As) reflects the inclusions of aragonite, opal, atacamite and possibly native selenium, while P and As occur as absorbed oxyanion groups on IOHs or Ca–Fe hydroxyphosphates. TEA-IV (Al, Ga, Ge, Tl, W, Ti ± Mn, Co, Ba) indicates the presence of minor clays, Co-rich Mn oxyhydroxides and barite. TEA-V with Pb and V is closely related to TEA-VI with REEs except for Eu. The halmyrolysis of sulfides includes two stages: (i) oxidation of S(II) of primary sulfides and the formation of supergene sulfides, which scavenge the redox-sensitive elements (e.g., U, Mo, Ni, Eu), and (ii) oxidation of Fe (II) to Fe (III) and absorption of most elements of TEAs III, IV, V and VI by IOHs
Evaluation of approaches to increase the effectiveness of various disinfectants against biofilm communities of different ages
Get PDFDisinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms.Disinfectants are used as the main agents against microorganisms circulating on the surfaces of food enterprises. However, the adaptive ability of microorganisms to form biofilms complicates the process of surface cleaning and reduces the effectiveness of disinfectants. Modern disinfectants act against freely circulating microflora, but it is known that they are not always effective against biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate effective disinfectant compositions with bactericidal effect on binary bacterial biofilms of different ages. The article describes the effects of disinfectants based on chlorine, peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds with enzymes in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer and increased several times on Salmonella 38, Brochothrix thermosphacta 2726 and Staphylococcus equorum 2736 planktonic cultures and binary biofilms. Binary biofilms of different ages (2 and 9 days old) were exposed to disinfectants with various active ingredients in combination with adjuvants, i. e. hydrogen peroxide 6% and various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (30%). All products in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer did not have a disinfectant effect against the studied biofilm cultures. As a result of the work, it was found that the most effective disinfectants against multispecies biofilms were quaternary ammonium compounds in combination with enzymes and chlorine in combination with isopropyl alcohol (30%). The results obtained allow to expand knowledge about effective methods for controlling biofilms
