498 research outputs found
Modular implementation of individual reasoning in PROTODL --- the extensible Description Logic management system
No full textThis is the second report in a series on the PROTODL system, which is an *extensible* knowledge representation and reasoning system based on Description Logics (DLs). We have motivated elsewhere [Borgida&Brachman92, Borgida92] the utility of being able to add new concept constructors to a DL, and, while in previous papers we have concentrated on subsumption reasoning, in this paper we consider reasoning about individuals. We present the modular implementation of a Description Logic-based KBMS which performs inferences about individuals in such a way that the addition of each new concept constructors is achieved by introducing a series of functions (and possibly modifying some old ones). Considerable emphasis has been placed on the efficient handling of *incremental* updates. This is accomplished by combining the primitive procedures in different ways in order to obtain variants of the standard procedures for inferring concept (non)membership -- variants that take into account the fact that the previous state of the KB was consistent, and that we know what specific kind of update has been performed, and when dependency links have been set.Technical report lcsr-tr-23
Tochmarc Moméra as Echtra to the Otherworld
No full textTochmarc Moméra, “The Wooing of Moméra”, is a Middle Irish tale found solely in the Yellow Book of Lecan (TCD MS 1318). The tale features the voyage of Eógan Taídlech, legendary ancestor of the Eóganachta, to Spain where he marries Moméra, Spanish princess, and obtains a magical cloak. However, as Donald Meek observes in relation to Fráech’s journey to Lombardy (Táin Bó Fraích, and other "Fráech" texts: a study in thematic relationships, Part 1 (CMCS 7, 71)), “the original expedition may have been to the Otherworld, and not to any recognisable country.” Notably, the structure and stylistic features of Tochmarc Moméra suggest same connotations. From the typological point of view, this idea could be supported by other tales which explicitly concern the candidate's voyage to the Otherworld, as a place of legitimisation of his royal status, and focus either on his marriage or on supernatural objects he receives there (cf. Baile in Scáil, Echtra Chormaic, Echtra Airt maic Cuinn). This essay addresses motifs and stylistic devices used by an author while moulding this polysemantic narrative, and places Tochmarc Moméra in a broader context of Irish and international tales
The Estimation of the Stability of Plants Constituting the Photosynthesizing Unit of Bioregenerative Life Support Systems for Including Them into the Plant Waste Mass Exchange
No full textOne of the ways of increasing the closure of mass exchange processes in the bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) may be the technology of plant cultivation on the so-called soil-like substrate (SLS) which is expected to utilize inedible plant biomass with the help of the SLS heterotrophic link. Earlier, based on the example of the radish inedible biomass, there was shown the principal possibility of its successful biological combustion (without decreasing the productivity of the plants cultivated) during their direct introduction into the SLS. The possibility of a direct plant waste introduction into the SLS could considerably simplify the technological processes of their biological combustion and increase their efficiency. However, there were no experiments carried out with respect to the other vegetables included into the BLSS photosynthesizing link. The aim of the given work is estimating the possible influence of the inedible biomass of different plant species introduced into the SLS, on the plant productivity. Several series of the test experiments were carried out. In the first experiment series, dried radish leafy tops making up 0.8 kg/m2 of the sown area, dried carrot leafy tops – 3.1 kg/m2 and dried beet leafy tops – 2.5 kg/m2 were introduced into the SLS makeup. As a test culture, there was taken the radish Raphanus sativus L of the Virovsky Beliy species. In the second experiment series, before the sowing of radish and wheat, there were introduced 1.2 kg/m2 and 3.1 kg/m2 of dry wheat straw into the SLS respectively. In the third series of the experiments, the wheat straw, before being introduced into the SLS, was subjected to the preliminary processing. In the fourth experiment series, there was studied the supposition about the possibility of decreasing the negative influence of introducing the vegetable tops into the SLS on the plant growth of the succeeding generation under the conditions of growing plants on a various-ages multi-species vegetable conveyor. According to the results of the research, the direct introduction of carrot and beet tops, as well as dry wheat straw, resulted in the considerable drop of the plant productivity. The vegetable cultivation in a conveyor mode done for three generations, also resulted in their productivity decrease. It was shown that the straw mineralization by using the method of “wet incineration” developed by Yu. A. Kudenko had completely removed the negative effect of the plant waste on the plant growth and could be the alternative way of the wheat waste utilization
Application of ant based routing and intelligent control to telecommunications network management
No full textThis thesis investigates the use of novel Artificial Intelligence techniques to improve the control of telecommunications networks. The approaches include the use of Ant-Based Routing and software Agents to encapsulate learning mechanisms to improve the performance of the Ant-System and a highly modular approach to network-node configuration and management into which this routing system can be incorporated. The management system uses intelligent Agents distributed across the nodes of the network to automate the process of network configuration. This is important in the context of increasingly complex network management, which will be accentuated with the introduction of IPv6 and QoS-aware hardware. The proposed novel solution allows an Agent, with a Neural Network based Q-Learning capability, to adapt the response speed of the Ant-System - increasing it to counteract congestion, but reducing it to improve stability otherwise. It has the ability to adapt its strategy and learn new ones for different network topologies. The solution has been shown to improve the performance of the Ant-System, as well as outperform a simple non-learning strategy which was not able to adapt to different networks. This approach has a wide region of applicability to such areas as road-traffic management, and more generally, positioning of learning techniques into complex domains. Both Agent architectures are Subsumption style, blending short-term responses with longer term goal-driven behaviour. It is predicted that this will be an important approach for the application of AI, as it allows modular design of systems in a similar fashion to the frameworks developed for interoperability of telecommunications systems
The Estimation of the Stability of Plants Constituting the Photosynthesizing Unit of Bioregenerative Life Support Systems for Including Them into the Plant Waste Mass Exchange
No full textOne of the ways of increasing the closure of mass exchange processes in the bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) may be the technology of plant cultivation on the so-called soil-like substrate (SLS) which is expected to utilize inedible plant biomass with the help of the SLS heterotrophic link. Earlier, based on the example of the radish inedible biomass, there was shown the principal possibility of its successful biological combustion (without decreasing the productivity of the plants cultivated) during their direct introduction into the SLS. The possibility of a direct plant waste introduction into the SLS could considerably simplify the technological processes of their biological combustion and increase their efficiency. However, there were no experiments carried out with respect to the other vegetables included into the BLSS photosynthesizing link. The aim of the given work is estimating the possible influence of the inedible biomass of different plant species introduced into the SLS, on the plant productivity. Several series of the test experiments were carried out. In the first experiment series, dried radish leafy tops making up 0.8 kg/m2 of the sown area, dried carrot leafy tops – 3.1 kg/m2 and dried beet leafy tops – 2.5 kg/m2 were introduced into the SLS makeup. As a test culture, there was taken the radish Raphanus sativus L of the Virovsky Beliy species. In the second experiment series, before the sowing of radish and wheat, there were introduced 1.2 kg/m2 and 3.1 kg/m2 of dry wheat straw into the SLS respectively. In the third series of the experiments, the wheat straw, before being introduced into the SLS, was subjected to the preliminary processing. In the fourth experiment series, there was studied the supposition about the possibility of decreasing the negative influence of introducing the vegetable tops into the SLS on the plant growth of the succeeding generation under the conditions of growing plants on a various-ages multi-species vegetable conveyor. According to the results of the research, the direct introduction of carrot and beet tops, as well as dry wheat straw, resulted in the considerable drop of the plant productivity. The vegetable cultivation in a conveyor mode done for three generations, also resulted in their productivity decrease. It was shown that the straw mineralization by using the method of “wet incineration” developed by Yu. A. Kudenko had completely removed the negative effect of the plant waste on the plant growth and could be the alternative way of the wheat waste utilization
Graph learning-based generation of abstractions for reinforcement learning
No full textThe application of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms is often hindered by the combinatorial explosion of the state space. Previous works have leveraged abstractions which condense large state spaces to find tractable solutions. However, they assumed that the abstractions are provided by a domain expert. In this work, we propose a new approach to automatically construct abstract Markov decision processes (AMDPs) for potential-based reward shaping to improve the sample efficiency of RL algorithms. Our approach to constructing abstract states is inspired by graph representation learning methods, it effectively encodes the topological and reward structure of the ground-level MDP. We perform large-scale quantitative experiments on a range of navigation and gathering tasks under both stationary and stochastic settings. Our approach shows improvements of up to 8.5 times in sample efficiency and up to 3 times in run time over the baseline approach. Besides, with our qualitative analyses of the generated AMDPs, we are able to visually demonstrate the capability of our approach to preserve the topological and reward structure of the ground-level MDP.Multimedia Computin
Context-sensitive reward shaping for sparse interaction MAS (abstract)
No full textThis paper describes the use of context aware potential functions in a multi-agent system in which the interactions between agents are sparse to guide agents towards the desired solutions. These sparse interactions mean that the interactions between the agents only occur sporadically, unknown to the agents a priori, in certain regions of the state space. During these interactions, agents need to coordinate in order to reach the global optimal solution. We demonstrate how different reward shaping functions can be used on top of Future Coordinating Q-learning (FCQ); an algorithm capable of automatically detecting when agents should take each other into consideration. Using FCQ-learning, coordination problems can even be anticipated before the actual problems occur, allowing the problems to be solved timely. We evaluate our approach on a range of gridworld problems, as well as a simulation of Air Traffic Control
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