1,088 research outputs found
State-business relations in Russia in the 2000s: From the capture model to a variety of exchange models?
No full textUsing data from a 2009 survey of 957 manufacturing enterprises, this paper examines relations between the state and business as well as priority differences in the distribution of governmental support by federal, regional and local authorities. Regression analysis reveals that a “model of exchange” is the predominant pattern as opposed to “state capture” (in the case of big firms) or “grabbing hand” (in the case of SMEs), both of which were typical of the 1990s. However, there are some differences in priorities at different levels of government. The federal government in 2007-2008 provided more support to state-owned and mixed enterprises providing stable employment, while regional authorities more often supported firms that were pursuing modernization. These trends could pave the way for a shift in governmental policy at the regional level from ”state capture”/”grabbing hand” to the Chinese-style “helping hand” model.state capture; state-business relations; Russia
Cooling rates of neutron stars and the young neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant
No full textWe explore the thermal state of the neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant using the recent result of Ho & Heinke that the thermal radiation of this star is well described by a carbon atmosphere model and the emission comes from the entire stellar surface. Starting from neutron star cooling theory, we formulate a robust method to extract neutrino cooling rates of thermally relaxed stars at the neutrino cooling stage from observations of thermal surface radiation. We show how to compare these rates with the rates of standard candles – stars with non-superfluid nucleon cores cooling slowly via the modified Urca process. We find that the internal temperature of standard candles is a well-defined function of the stellar compactness parameter x=rg/R, irrespective of the equation of state of neutron star matter (R and rg are circumferential and gravitational radii, respectively). We demonstrate that the data on the Cassiopeia A neutron star can be explained in terms of three parameters: f?, the neutrino cooling efficiency with respect to the standard candle; the compactness x; and the amount of light elements in the heat-blanketing envelope. For an ordinary (iron) heat-blanketing envelope or a low-mass (? 10?13 M?) carbon envelope, we find the efficiency f?? 1 (standard cooling) for x? 0.5 and f?? 0.02 (slower cooling) for a maximum compactness x? 0.7. A heat blanket containing the maximum mass (?10?8 M?) of light elements increases f? by a factor of 50. We also examine the (unlikely) possibility that the star is still thermally non-relaxe
Azygophleps junkeri Yakovlev & Witt 2017, sp. nov.
No full textAzygophleps junkeri Yakovlev & Witt, sp. nov. (Figs 6 ¯7, 15¯16) Material. Holotype: ♂, Angola, prov. Benguela, btw Cutembo & Caluquembe, 14 km E Cutembo, 13°46.901’ S 14°00.105’ E, 965 m, 2.iv.2014, leg. Naumann, Sulak & Ott (GenPr MWM: 26759; MWM). 2 ♂, same data (MWM); 3 ♂, Angola, Prov. Huambo, 2 km S Calanque, 12°52.214’ S 15°28.126’E, 1970 m, 27.iii.2014, leg. Sulak, Naumann & Ott (MWM); 2 ♂, Dzalanyama forest, Lilongwe distr., C. Malawi, 1300 m, 21.iv.2006, leg. R. Murphy (RMM); 2 ♂, Ntchisi forest, C. Malawi, 1600 m, 10.–17.v.2002, leg. R. Murphy (RMM); 1 ♂, C. Malawi, Kasungu N.P., Lifupa Lodge, 13°05'12"S 33°08'17"E, 1035 m, 22.iv.2011, leg. R. Yakovlev (RYB); 47 ♂, [Congo], Elisabethville, different data (1933¯1959), leg. Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 2 ♂, Burundi, Gitega, 20.v.1965, Dr. M. Fontaine (MRAC); 2 ♂, [Congo], Katanga, Zilo, iii.1968, Rec. V. Allard (MRAC); 1 ♂, [Congo], Zaire, Lubumbashi, 16.iii.1979, Th. Bouyer (MRAC); 1 ♂, South West Africa [Namibia], Mashare, c. 17°54’S 20°09’E, 12.iii.1978, leg. J. Ball (TMSA); 2 ♂, Tanzania, Rukwa Province, Mbizi Mts., entre Kisungu et Muze, 1415 m, 07°43.826’ S 031°32.482’ E, 14.05.2004, leg. Ph. Darge (MWM); 2 ♂, Tanzania, Rukwa Province, Kisengere / Kasimbo, 1193 m, 07°27.540' S 03°52.812' E, 17.05.2004, leg. Ph. Darge (MWM). Description. Length of forewing of holotype 21 mm (in male paratypes 19¯ 23 mm). Antenna bipectinate in proximal half, filiform in distal half. Thorax, tegula, patagia and abdomen brown. Fore wing brown with pattern of tiny fine black transverse strokes spaced rather evenly throughout the surface of the wing, narrow white area on costal edge from base to apex of wing. Hind wing brown with imperceptible pattern of fine transverse strokes, more expressed in cubital area. Anal edge pale, without pattern. Fringe pale brown, unicolorous. Male genitalia. Uncus long, triangle, with tapered uncinate apex; gnathos arms of medium thickness, ribbonlike, tapered to apices, not fused; valva simple, leaf-like, with even costal edge, obliquely cut outer edge and small notch in proximal third of abdominal edge; juxta large with narrow slit notch on dorsal surface and two long (in length equal to 2/5 of valva) lateral processes of medium thickness, directed dorsally; saccus small, semicircular; phallus thick, slightly shorter than valva, in vesica two ribbon-like sclerites in lateral surfaces, one of them two times larger and longer than the other. Female unknown. Diagnosis. The new species was erroneously determined several times by the senior author as A. aburae (Plötz, 1880) (type locality Bei Aburi [Ghana]) (Yakovlev 2011; Yakovlev & Murphy 2013; Yakovlev & Witt 2016a). The error in definition was first indicated by W. Mey (2016: 168): “The type material of A. aburae (Plötz, 1880) has not been traced so far and is probably lost. According to the original description of the species (unfortunately without illustrations), it should have an external appearance which comes close to a small individual of A. atrifasciata Hampson, 1910. The specimens identified and photographed by Yakovlev [& Murphy] (2013) as A. aburae neither correspond to the description given by Plötz (1880) nor to the colour figure in Gaede (1930). His specimens together with the present individual belong to a different species with unknown affiliation”. The new species differs well from all the known species of this genus by the following features: rather dark colour of the wings, pale narrow portion in the costal area of the forewing, two ribbon-like sclerites in the vesica, very long lateral processes of the juxta, narrow slit-shaped notch on the dorsal surface of the juxta. Distribution. Central and southern Africa: Congo, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Angola and Namibia. Etymology. The new species is named after Wilhelm Junker (1840¯1892), doctor of medicine, Russian geographer and traveler, who studied the watershed of Nile and Congo, made a number of geographical discoveries, compiled the dictionary of ten ethnic groups in southeastern Africa, and gathered rich ethnographic, zoological, and botanical collections.Published as part of Yakovlev, Roman V. & Witt, Thomas J., 2017, Four new species of Azygophleps Hampson, 1892 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) from Africa, pp. 437-444 in Zootaxa 4303 (3) on pages 441-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/309464
A DNA-based description of a new carpenter moth species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Morocco
No full textYakovlev, Roman V., Shapoval, Nazar A., Kuftina, Galina N., Gagarina, Anastasia V., Gorodilova, Elizaveta Yu. (2019): A DNA-based description of a new carpenter moth species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Morocco. Zootaxa 4711 (2): 393-400, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.1
Aleksey Yakovlev and Dmitry Ulyanov (from the Family History of Yakovlevs and Ulyanovs)
No full textThe longstanding friendship between the Yakovlev and Ulyanov families is a wide-ranging topic. The
Ulyanov family has been thoroughly studied by historians, but the Yakovlevs did not enjoy comparable attention.
The most renowned of this last clan was Alexey Ivanovich Yakovlev, who kept up relations with Vladimir Lenin. But
in the light of archival materials and memoirs, one could claim that interfamily relations extended beyond familiarity
between these two individuals. The paper traces friendship between Alexey Ivanovich Yakovlev and Dmitry Il'ich
Ulyanov. These friendly terms lasted for decades, since the childhood of the confidants, who maintained warm
relations despite the circumstances and the vicissitudes of their fates. The source for the study of their friendship
is the correspondence between them. A number of letters from both have been published, and the rest are in the
Archive of the FSB Directorate of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, in the investigative file of A. I. Yakovlev,
who was arrested during the “Academic Case” of 1929–1931. The correspondence between Dmitry Ulyanov
and Alexei Yakovlev began in 1893. Despite all the differences in their professional activity in the following years,
their friendship continued even after the Revolution, when A. I. Yakovlev became a famous historian, author of
several monographs, and a professor at Moscow University, and Dmitry Ulyanov held a number of high government
positions, including the head of the government of the Soviet Crimea. The last letter of their many years of
correspondence is dated 1943
Industrial Associations as a Channel of Business-Government Interactions in an Imperfect Institutional Environment: The Russian Case
No full textInternational lessons from emerging economies suggest that business associations may provide an effective channel of communication between the government and the private sector. This function of business associations may become still more important in transition economies, where old mechanisms for coordinating enterprise activities have been destroyed, while the new ones have not been established yet. In this context, Russian experience is a matter of interest, because for a long time, Russia was regarded as a striking example of state failures and market failures. Consequently, the key point of our study was a description of the role and place of business associations in the presentday Russian economy and their interaction with member companies and bodies of state administration. Relying on the survey data of 957 manufacturing firms conducted in 2009, we found that business associations are more frequently joined by larger companies, firms located in regional capital cities, and firms active in investment and innovation. By contrast, business associations tend to be less frequently joined by business groups’ subsidiaries and firms that were non-responsive about their respective ownership structures. Our regression analysis has also confirmed that business associations are a component of what Frye (2002) calls an “elite exchange”– although only on regional and local levels. These “exchanges” imply that members of business associations, on the one hand, more actively assist regional and local authorities in social development of their regions, and on the other hand more often receive support from authorities. However, this effect is insignificant in terms of support from the federal government. In general, our results allow us to believe that at present, business associations (especially the industry-wide and “leading” ones) consolidate the most active, advanced companies and act as collective representatives of their interests. For this reason, business associations can be regarded as interface units between the authorities and businesses and as a possible instrument for promotion of economic development.business associations, economic growth, state-business relations, collective actions
Review: Spin photocurrents in quantum wells
No full textSpin photocurrents generated by homogeneous optical excitation with circularly polarized radiation in quantum wells (QWs) are reviewed. The absorption of circularly polarized light results in optical spin orientation due to the transfer of the angular momentum of photons to electrons of a two-dimensional electron gas. It is shown that in QWs belonging to one of the gyrotropic crystal classes a non-equilibrium spin polarization of uniformly distributed electrons causes a directed motion of electrons in the plane of the QW. A characteristic feature of this electric current, which occurs in unbiased samples, is that it reverses its direction upon changing the radiation helicity from left-handed to right-handed and vice versa. Two microscopic mechanisms are responsible for the occurrence of an electric current linked to a uniform spin polarization in a QW: the spin polarization-induced circular photogalvanic effect and the spin-galvanic effect. In both effects the current flow is driven by an asymmetric distribution of spin-polarized carriers in k-space of systems with lifted spin degeneracy due to k-linear terms in the Hamiltonian. Spin photocurrents provide methods to investigate spin relaxation and to reach a conclusion as regards the in-plane symmetry of QWs. The effect can also be utilized to develop fast detectors for determining the degree of circular polarization of a radiation beam. Furthermore, spin photocurrents under infrared excitation were used to demonstrate and investigate monopolar spin orientation of free carriers
Figure 18. P in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
No full textFigure 18. P. arcticus shavlovi in nature, male (photo by Yu. Bakhaev).Published as part of Yakovlev, Roman V. & Bakhaev, Yuri I., 2023, A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia), pp. 1-14 in Ecologica Montenegrina 63 on page 8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.63.1, http://zenodo.org/record/802988
Figure 19. P in A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia)
No full textFigure 19. P. arcticus shavlovi in nature, female (photo by Yu. Bakhaev).Published as part of Yakovlev, Roman V. & Bakhaev, Yuri I., 2023, A new subspecies of Arctic Apollo - Parnassius arcticus (Eisner, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) from the Arga-Tas Range (North-Eastern Yakutia), pp. 1-14 in Ecologica Montenegrina 63 on page 8, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.63.1, http://zenodo.org/record/802988
Twenty Letters from St. Petersburg (epistolary heritage of A.I. Yakovlev)
No full textВ статье анализируется переписка владельца крупного уральского Верх-Исетского горного округа А. И. Яковлева с Главным заводским правлением о деятельности училища для детей служащих.Выявлены некоторые аспекты дистантных «хозяйственных распоряжений» А. И. Яковлева по учреждению и организации деятельности верхисетского заводского училища.The article is devoted to the correspondence of the owner of a large Verkh-Isetsky Ural Mining District A. I. Yakovlev main factory on the activities of the school board for the children of employees. The author points to the role of letters as a means of achieving a distant breeder its management functions. Some aspects of the distant «business orders» A. I. Yakovlev on the establishment, organization of the top-Isetsky factory school
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