3 research outputs found
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. At N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). V.P. Demikhov and his experiments in the field of organ transplantation in 1969–1970
No full textWith the involvement of archival documents, the results of research performed by V.P. Demikhov and the employees of the Organ Transplantation Laboratory at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (further – Institute) in 1969–1970 have been analyzed. At that time, under V.P. Demikhov's guidance and his personal participation, the Laboratory carried out the following developments: (1) an anatomical method of heart and lung transplantation in experiment and on human cadavers; (2) a method of revitalizing the heart and the whole human body using direct cardiac massage and a portable mechanical heart connected to auricles; (3) the method of liver transplantation in experiment and its anatomical rationale for clinical implementation in liver failure; (4) a method for assessing the function of a transplanted heart using electrocardiography; (5) the method of transplantation of the small intestine fragments; (6) a method of transplanting the pancreas, isolated or in combination with the duodenum and liver, to the renal vessels; (7) a method of replanting the cardiopulmonary complex on peripheral vessels for the treatment of terminal cardiopulmonary insufficiency, and a number of others. For experimental studies, the methods of an anatomical X-ray investigation of the main vessels and X-ray vasography of a transplanted heart were used. For heart transplantation, V.P. Demikhov's anatomical technique and biatrial Lower-Shumway technique were applied. To conduct a series of studies, V.P. Demikhov managed to attract large third-party organizations: the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Physics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (creation of a mechanical heart), the Pyatigorsk Machine-Building Plant (creation of a portable thermostat to preserve revitalized organs), Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (development of a method for implanting a cardiopulmonary complex to peripheral vessels), Research Institute of Poliomyelitis (operations on monkeys). We emphasize that all methods developed were recommended by the author for their implementation in clinic. A list of operations performed in the organ transplant laboratory in 1969–1970 is given. Most of the operations performed were transplantations (implanting) of the cardiopulmonary complex, isolated heart, and cadaveric heart revitalizations. It was noted that, in addition to the Research Topics included in the Working Plan of the Institute, V.P. Demikhov developed many individual, search topics, including transplantation of halves of the body, head, liver, uterus, kidney, and sternum. All of them, after their completion, were planned for implementation in the clinic
Phenomenon of Demikhov. At N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). V.P. Demikhov and his experiments in the field of organ transplantation in 1971–1972
No full textHaving reviewed the archival documents, we enlightened the results of research performed by V.P. Demikhov and the employees of the Organ Transplantation Laboratory at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute, as well as V.P. Demikhov’s life and work in 1971–1972. During those years he continued to conduct the research required, as he believed, for practical healthcare. In 1971, together with M.M. Razgulov, he proposed a method for connecting blood vessels, a method for transplanting an upper limb together with a scapula, repeated experiments previously carried out on dogs, on human corpses (revitalization of a cadaveric heart, monitoring its activity using electrocardiography, implanting an additional heart into the cadaver’s chest in order to implement the technique in clinic for the treatment of heart failure), presented the results of his research at the X International Congress on Cardiovascular Diseases. We have also shown that in 1971–1972 V.P. Demikhov performed 76 experimental interventions, most of which were aimed at the development of a technique for transplanting an isolated cardiopulmonary complex and heart, as well as the technique for their revitalization. It should be noted that all the methods of organ transplantation developed by him were intended for implementation in clinic. However, no method was introduced into clinic during his lifetime. The fact is that the studies of V.P. Demikhov in the field of organ transplantation could not be adequately supplied from the material, technical and economic point, since they did not correspond to the main trends of the scientific and practical activities of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute – to improve the organizing system of rendering an emergency and urgent care to the population of Moscow in acute diseases and injuries
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. Heart transplantation in experiment and clinical cases in the USSR and abroad (1968–1972). The Second in the USSR heart transplantation in a Clinic (Solovyev G.M., June 10, 1971)
No full textThe article presents materials of Soviet and foreign medical literature of 1968–1972 devoted to heart transplantation in experiment and clinical practice. It is shown that in the USSR after unsuccessful heart transplantation performed by A.A. Vishnevsky on November 4, 1968, experimental studies on isolated heart preservation in order to preserve its viability were conducted; models of orthotopic and heterotopic heart transplantation on large and small animals were created; morphological, physiological, biochemical and immunological changes in the transplanted heart were studied. The second heart transplantation in this country was performed by G.M. Solovyev on June 10, 1971, but it was also unsuccessful. It’s remarkable that the 20-year experience of V.P. Demikhov in experimental heart transplantation was used only partially: a number of surgeons applied the cardiopulmonary complex isolated according to V.P. Demikhov's technique for biological heart preservation in experimental animals. At the same time after the successful heart transplantation performed by C. Barnard on December 3, 1967, the world boom of clinical transplantation began. In 1969, 101 such operations were performed. For example, D. Cooley performed them on 21 patients and on another one performed two surgeries. There were observations that patients operated on in 1968 lived 800–900 days or more. The best results were shown by R. Lower, M. DeBakey and N. Shumway. However, the vast majority of heart transplants resulted in lethal outcomes in the immediate or distant postoperative period. This led to the fact that the euphoria of successful transplants gradually began to diminish: in 1969 only 47 operations were performed, and in 1970–1971 only 17 surgeries per year
