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The Relationships between the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih and the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-shi
Get PDFDuring the Sung dynasty many versions of the national history were compiled. All these national histories included a chapter called Shih-huo-chih 食貨志. These versions of the Shih-huo-chih are not extant now in their original form, but fragments of them have been included in such books as the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih 宋史食貨志, the Hsü Tzŭ-chih-t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien 續資治通鑑長編, the Wên-hsien t’ung-k’ao 文獻通考, the Yü-hai 玉海, the Huang-chao pien-nien kang-mu pei-yao 皇朝編年綱目備耍, and the Shang-t’ang ch’ün-shu k’ao-so 山堂群書考索. The original form of the Shih-huo-chih, therefore, can be traced to some extent. Among the above works, the preface to the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-shih states that, though the chapter was based on the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih 宋朝國史, the quotation was limited only to the facts worth quoting because otherwise the chapter would become too voluminous. Comparing, however, the chapter of the Sung-chao kuo-shih with the similar chapters of the above works, the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih seems to have borrowed in its entirety this chapter in the Sung-chao kuo-shih. In other words, although the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih is mostly based on the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih, such chapters as the fang-t’ien 方田 were newly added, and the description of the Sung-chao kuo-shih is sometimes corrected or illustrated by new facts. Moreover, for the period after Li-tsung 理宗 at the end of the Southern Sung (1225~1279), the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih has a unique description because the corresponding part of the Sung-chao kuo-shih is lacking.The author then compares the text of the Sung-shih Shih-huo-chih with that of the above books for the purpose of restoring the original form of the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih. The Hsü Tzŭ-chih t’ung-chien ch’ang-pien not only quotes the Sung-chao kuo-shih most extensively but also exhaustively corrects its errors of the latter. The Wên-hsien t’ung-k’ao also greatly depends upon the Sung-chao kuo-shih without indicating the source, while the Yü-hai, indicating the source, borrows some passages. The Shan-t’ang ch’ün-shu k’ao-so quotes the sections covering the reigns of Chê-tsung 哲宗 and Hui-tsung 徽宗in the Sung-chao kuo-shih which are not clearly recorded in the other books. The Huang-chao pien-nien kang-mu pei-yao quotes, mostly in its notes, the description from the Sung-chao kuo-shih without indicating the source.Thus the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih remains in the form of various versions quoted in other works and from these the author endeavors to restore part of the text of the Shih-huo-chih in the Sung-chao kuo-shih.journal articl
The effect of coconut oil, soybean oil, salt and phosphates on the quality of simmered lower-fat kung-wans
No full textThe political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
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THE "LIU-I SHIH-HUA" OF OU-YANG HSIU (CHINA).
No full textPoetry occupies an eminent position in the history of Chinese literature because almost all the traditional men of letters had experience in composing poems. However, it was not until the Sung Dynasty that the criticism of poetry became very popular; this was singled out by the appearance of a number of books called, shih-hua (icons omitted) (remarks on poetry). Since the Sung period on, shih-hua has received both praise and censure. Traditional critics tended to evaluate shih-hua from a practical viewpoint. For example, Wang Shih-han (icons omitted) criticised the content of shih-hua as trivial because it deviated from the subjects of filial piety, trust, and other Confucian merits. On the other hand, Kuo Shao-yu (icons omitted) proclaimed that shih-hua preserved a great deal of worthy materials for the study of poetry. Modern scholars tend to evaluate shih-hua from the aesthetic viewpoint. For instance, Yen Yuan-shu (icons omitted) describes shih-hua as "vague and obscure" and "lacking systematic discourse." Yet other scholars such as Yeh Wei-lien (icons omitted) claim that the shih-hua offers readers a chance to recapture the world of rich imagery in poetic composition. In order to make a more objective judgement between the above two extremely different evaluations of shih-hua, the following issues must first be resolved: the definition of shih-hua which is related to Ou-yang Hsiu's (icons omitted) Liu-i shih-hua (icons omitted) the first book titled shih-hua, what kind of poetic tradition the Liu-i shih-hua inherited, what kind of person its author was, under what kind of literary environment it was produced, what were the contents of the work, and what kind of influence it exerted on the development of the shih-hua genre. Then we may tentatively reach an answer: the practical criticism of poetry only covers one part of the content of shih-hua. To make a complete evaluation of a shih-hua book or the shih-hua genre itself, a critic must take all the issues above into consideration
Zai zhong he piao yi ya suo shi yan zhong de mai chong chang du suo jian yu zai shi yan ceng mian shang de li zi shu zong xiang can shu de tao lun
No full textShih, Kai = 在中和漂移壓縮實驗中的脈衝長度縮減與在實驗層面上的粒子束縱向參數的討論 / 師愷.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-96).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 27, September, 2016).Shih, Kai = Zai zhong he piao yi ya suo shi yan zhong de mai chong chang du suo jian yu zai shi yan ceng mian shang de li zi shu zong xiang can shu de tao lun / Shi Kai
Markets and Fairs in Kiangnan during the Sung Dynasty (continued)
Get PDFDuring the Sung dynasty many small market places such as Ts’ao-shih 草市, Yeh-shih 野市, Shan-shih 山市, Hai-shih 亥市, Chieh-shih 痎市, Hsü-shih 墟市 or Tzŭ-wu-hui 子午會 were created in the farm villages in Kiangnan. In these market places fairs were held on a fixed day every month, where farmers and merchants exchanged the goods they had collected for the fair.Apart from these small market places, other fairs for the customers from wider parts of the country developed in Kiangnan. These market places grew with the development of the inter-local trade during the T’ang and Sung dynasties and played an important role in rural economy. In this article the author tried to prove concretely the above-mentioned facts by documents.journal articl
Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from the root bark of Hernandia nymphaeifolia
No full textLai, Yu-Wei, Wang, Shih-Wei, Hu, Ya-Yun, Hwang, Tsong-Long, Cheng, Ming-Jen, Chen, Ih-Sheng, Sung, Ping-Jyun, Chen, Jih-Jung (2020): Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from the root bark of Hernandia nymphaeifolia. Phytochemistry (112326) 173: 1-7, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112326, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.11232
Texture and Sensory Properties of Low-fat Emulsified Meatballs Formulated with Coconut oil and Soybean oil
No full textsj-docx-3-onc-10.1177_11795549221113244 – Supplemental material for Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 Is an Emerging Prognostic Biomarker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-onc-10.1177_11795549221113244 for Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 Is an Emerging Prognostic Biomarker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Sung-Wei Lee, Ching-Chieh Yang, Hong-Yue Lai, Hsin-Hwa Tsai, Cheng-Fa Yeh, Yu-Hsuan Kuo, Nai-Wen Kang, Tzu-Ju Chen and Shih-Lun Chang in Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology</p
Hu-chou Bamboo School: Study of Literati Painting in the Sung Period I
Get PDFThis study is an extension of the same author's work, “Bamboo-in-Ink in the Five Dynasties and Norhern Sung” (The Bijutsushi, No. 46). In the present paper he chiefly takes up the origin of the Hu-chou Bamboo School 湖州竹派 in relation to the political conflicts at the end of the Northern Sung period. In the first chapter he urges that the content of Hsüan-ho-hua-pú 宣和画譜, shows an influence from the political oppression of the Shu Party 蜀党 (conservatives) at the end of the Northern Sung period, and that Tan-yüan-chi 丹淵集, an anthology of Wên Tung 文同, also shows the influence of the conflict in that references to the Shu Party were eliminated or mutilated. And the author further explains that this kind of political situation has an indivisible connection with the appearance of the Hu-chou Bamboo School.
In the second chapter, he makes an outline explanations of the political conflicts at the end of the Northern Sung, and introduces the theories of earlier scholars (Ichikawa, Beian, 1779—1858, and Tanaka, Toyozō, 1881–1948) which suggest that the literati's group of the time centering on Su Shih 蘇軾 would have had a strong political colour.
In the third chapter, the development of ink bamboo painting before the Yüan-yu Era (1086-94) is mentioned. Wên T’ung and his cousin Su Shih were associated under the circumstance that the Shu Party was oppressed; and toward the last years of Wên T’ung the group of painters of ink bamboo gradually grew up and was formed around Su Shih, who had learned ink bamboo painting from Wên T’ung.
The fourth chapter concerns the movement of the Hu-chou Bamboo School in the Yüan-yu Era. The Yüan-yu Era was the golden age of the Shu Party, and it was in this period that ink bamboo painting, supported by the fame of Su Shih, rapidly became popular among the people related to the Shu Party. Here the author lists the names of the people who can be counted in Hu-chou Bamboo School and explains their blood-relationship and their regional relations.
The fifth chapter is about the school's history after the Yüan-yu Era. After the Yüan yu Era this group again lost political power, but the once-won artistic fame was not lost and, in Hui-tsung's dynasty, bacame an unrivalled group in the artistic field, gaining respect from other ink bamboo painters. In the author's opinion, only eight years or thereabouts of their golden age between their dark periods was the most important cradle period when ink bamboo paint ing prevailed rapidly in the blood- and regionally related group of the Shu Party. And he regards the relationship as a prototype of the regional and blood relationship which characterizes later painting groups of Chinese literati.
In the postscript a few stylistic questions are taken up as a supplement to his previous paper.journal articl
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