61 research outputs found
Directionality in Chinese-English translation: An investigation of cognitive efforts and decision-making focussing on the translation of allusions
No full textAn allusion is an intertextual device, taking either implicit or explicit form, requiring shared cultural knowledge between the author and reader to convey the intended meaning. On the Translation Studies as a culture-oriented subject, however, research into the translation of allusion is very limited, especially in the field of cognitive processing. Meanwhile, in response to the rapid development of L2 translations in the translation industry, directionality has been introduced to look at its impact on the translation process of allusion. It is particularly worth investigating whether and how translators perform differently to the translation of allusion in two directions.This study focused on the cognitive processing and decision-making in the translation of allusion in both directions between English and Chinese. It adopted a process-oriented approach to examine the translation of allusion through triangulation: the Think Aloud Protocol (TAP), Key-logging and Eye-tracking, to investigate the allocation of cognitive efforts and appropriate translating strategies used by translators. Two research questions will be answered: 1) What are the impacts of directionality and allusion on the translator's allocation of cognitive efforts? 2) What can be observed from the strategies used to translate the allusions in two directions?A three-phase experiment was designed: A pre-test questionnaire (for 122 participants), a translation test (for 36 participants) recorded by eye-tracking and key-logging devices and a post-test cue-based retrospective interview, respectively. The thesis also touched upon the quality assessment of the translation of allusions for triangulation. The findings revealed that both directionality and allusion affected the allocation of cognitive effort in the translation process. Factors that influence the allocation of cognitive effort have also been identified. The results confirmed differences in translation strategies to deal with allusions because of directionality and investigated the potential factors that motivated the student translators' decision-making process.This research is the first to combine eye-tracking, key-logging, and cue-based interviews to examine the translation process of allusions and allusive sentences between Chinese and English. It provides a fresh perspective to look at the translation of allusions and specified factors that affect the translation process. It has implications for translation research, pedagogy, and practice, offering theoretical and empirical evidence to the relevant areas and suggesting avenues for future research
Economic evaluation of biofuel production through bio-gasification power facility using modeling method
No full textSince bio-gasification is a potentially more efficient way to utilize bio-energy, the economic feasibility becomes one of the greatest issues when we apply this new technology. Evaluation of economic feasibility of a bio-gasification facility needs understanding of its production unit cost under different capacities and different working shift modes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the unit cost of bio-syngas and biouel products at different capacities by using economic modeling method. Result showed that economic feasibility of a power facility was significantly affected by its production capacity and operating mode (one shift, two shifts, or three shifts mode). Economic feasibility could be improved by increasing production capacity or by changing operating mode to two or three shifts from one shift. The economic evaluation model and cost analysis software developed in this study could be a good tool for economic analysis of bio-syngasand biouel products from biomass gasification
Analysis of Aerosol Properties in Beijing Based on Ground-Based Sun Photometer and Air Quality Monitoring Observations from 2005 to 2014
No full textAerosol particles are the major contributor to the deterioration of air quality in China’s capital, Beijing. Using ground-based sun photometer observations from 2005 to 2014, the long-term variations in optical properties and microphysical properties of aerosol in and around Beijing were investigated in this study. The results indicated little inter-annual variations in aerosol optic depth (AOD) but an increase in the fine mode AODs both in and outside Beijing. Furthermore, the single scattering albedo in urban Beijing is larger, while observations at the site that is southeast of Beijing suggested that the aerosol there has become more absorbing. The intra-annual aspects were as follow: The largest AOD and high amount of fine mode aerosols are observed in the summer. However, the result of air pollution index (API) that mainly affected by the dry density of near-surface aerosol indicated that the air quality has been improving since 2006. Winter and spring were the most polluted seasons considering only the API values. The inconsistency between AOD and API suggested that fine aerosol particles may have a more important role in the deterioration of air quality and that neglecting particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the calculation of API might not be appropriate in air quality evaluation. Through analysis of the aerosol properties in high API days, the results suggested that the fine mode aerosol, especially PM2.5 has become a major contributor to the aerosol pollution in Beijing
The 3D Terrain Interactive Technique Based on Gesture Recognition
No full textThe sensor Leap Motion can detect the information about locations and speed of hands and fingers with high accuracy in real time. It provides an effective method to the interaction between people and 3D terrain models, and based on the characteristics of the far and near field division of the working area of the sensor, different filter models are established to filter the natural gesture data, and to increase the stability of the anti-jitter ability and the software identification. This paper introduces a 3D controller based on OSG(Open Scene Graph), and designs a terrain model controller from gestures, and evaluates the controller by designing user experiments. The result shows that, comparing with traditional 2D interaction, the user experience and the result of this paper's algorithm is more natural, intuitive and efficient.CPCI-S(ISTP)[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Pollution and Air Quality in Beijing
No full textNew ambient air quality standards were released in 2012 and implemented in 2013 with real time monitoring data publication of six atmospheric pollutants: particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, NO2 and CO. According to the new standards, Beijing began to publicize real-time monitoring data of 35 monitoring stations in 2013. In this study, real time concentrations of all six atmospheric pollutants of all 35 monitoring stations were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of the air quality and atmospheric pollutants. By comparing the annual and seasonal variations of all six pollutants’ concentrations, it was found that particulate matter, especially PM2.5, is still the major contributor to the deterioration of air quality in Beijing. Although the NO2 and O3 concentrations of some stations were still high under certain circumstances, their contributions to air quality index (AQI) were not comparable to those of PM2.5 and PM10. SO2 and CO concentrations have dropped to well below the qualification standards. Winter and autumn were the most polluted seasons for all pollutants except O3, whose concentrations are higher in summer. South and southeast stations were the most polluted compared with the rest of the stations, especially for particulate matter. Wind profile analysis with heavy pollution situations indicates that low speed southwest or east wind situations have the higher possibility of heavy pollution, suggesting that it is highly possible that long-range transportation of air pollutants from south or east neighboring provinces played an important role in the worsening air conditions in Beijing
Semi-empirical models for polarized reflectance of land surfaces: Intercomparison using space-borne POLDER measurements
No full textIn this paper, six semi-empirical bidirectional polarization distribution functions (BPDF) models for polarized reflectance of land surfaces (Nadal-Breon model, Waquet model, Maignan model, Litvinov model, Diner model and Xie-Cheng model) were quantitatively intercompared using the recently released database of representative BPDFs generated from POLDER measurements over a wide range of surface types at global scale. The intercomparison technique involved two strategies: one for fitting and the other for priori modeling. Our results suggest that (1) Nadal-Breon model and Litvinov model provide best fits to the POLDER measurements with average RMSEs equal to 0.174% and 0.173%, respectively; (2) as for priori modeling, Xie-Cheng model performs best among these models as its average RMSE is 0.249%, indicating the corresponding surface-type-based free parameters can be used for a priori model of surface polarized reflectance; (3) despite the semi-empirical models cannot estimate negative polarized reflectance at backward scattering direction, impact of negative polarized reflectance on fitting and priori modeling is negligible. The results provide a priori knowledge of the model performances over various surface types and can be applied to future researches of land optical properties and aerosol parameters retrieval over land surfaces. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Major Special Project - the China High-Resolution Earth Observation System [30-Y20A21-9003-15/17]; Guangxi Natural Science Foundation [2016JJD110017]; Guangxi Key Program of Science and Technology [1598008-29]SCI(E)ARTICLE13-2020
Isolated Winding-Coupled Bidirectional ZVS Converter With PWM Plus Phase-Shift (PPS) Control Strategy
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Diurnal, weekly and monthly spatial variations of air pollutants and air quality of Beijing
No full textUnder the National Ambient Air Quality Standard released in 2012 (NAAQS-2012), Beijing began to publicize hourly Air Quality Index as well as real time concentrations of 6 pollutants in its web platform to provide detailed information for air quality assessment from 2013. In this study, hourly air quality monitoring data from May 2014 to April 2015 were collected for all 35 monitoring stations in Beijing to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of air pollutants and air quality. It is found that in spatial pattern, the air qualities in southern and northern Beijing are totally different. The association between heavy pollution concentrations and wind situations suggested that neighboring area's air quality has an important role in the air quality of Beijing combining with air quality attainment rates in all 35 monitoring stations and northern China. For temporal variations, late night and early morning are the most polluted time while afternoon is the least polluted time for all pollutants except O-3 with most polluted time in afternoon. Summer time in Beijing has the best air quality while winter time has the worst air quality coinciding with the heating season in the winter. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171306]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2014QD02]; Special Fund for Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation Scientific Research in the Public Interest [201412007]SCI(E)[email protected]
Development or absence of conjugate fractures in low-permeability sandstones
No full textNatural fractures are ubiquitous in rocks. The Coulomb law of Mohr’s failure theory predicts that the angle between conjugate failure surfaces is a constant. In the Ordos Basin, observing the development of two groups of conjugate fractures in the field, cores and imaging logging is very difficult. In this paper, the directions of paleocurrents in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are determined by measuring the orientations of field bedding. Through the correlation analysis of paleocurrent and natural fracture orientations, when the sediment comes from a single source, a group of fractures with a large angle between conjugate fractures and the paleocurrent direction is found not to develop. When the sediments in the study area have two provenances, both provenance directions affect the development of conjugate fractures. In the southern Ordos Basin, influenced by the direction of paleocurrent flow in the near-north direction, fractures in the near N‒S direction develop. Through rock mechanics experiments in different directions, the planar anisotropy in rock mechanics parameters caused by the direction of paleocurrent flow is found to be the geological factor leading to various degrees of fracture development in different directions within the Ordos Basin
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