1,724,873 research outputs found
The etiology of esophageal cancer in high- and low- risk areas of Jiangsu province, China
No full text [Background]Esophageal cancer (EC) remains one of the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. The geographic variation in EC occurrence is striking, and China is an area with one of the highest incidences of EC. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted toward EC in the past decades, results suggested that tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary factors and chronic injuries of the esophageal mucosa are important in the development of this disease. Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in metabolism of carcinogens may also influence individual susceptibility. However, the effects of major lifestyle and hereditary risk factors on the development of EC remain poorly understood in China. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the etiological heterogeneity between similar areas with great risk gradient. [Methods]From 2003 to 2007, a large population-based case-control study of EC has been conducted in a selected high-risk area and a selected low-risk area of Jiangsu Province, one of the highest cancer incidence areas in China. In total, 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. In this thesis, we evaluated the role of major lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors, as well as inherited determinants including family history of cancer and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing related genes on the risk of EC. In addition, we investigated how much of the risk gradient between two areas could be explained by variation in the distributions of major risk factors. [Results] Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking moderately increased the risk of EC, while the positive associations were only found among men but not among women. Dietary factors were observed to play important roles in the development of EC. Specific dietary habits i.e., fast eating speed, and hot eating and/or drinking substantially elevated EC risk and could explain more than 20% of EC cases each. High intake of salty foods and fried foods, low consumption of raw garlic were also observed to increase the risk of EC. In addition to environmental and lifestyle factors, we confirmed that a positive family history can significantly increase EC risk, and found the inheritance may modify the effect of some unhealthy lifestyles. Moreover, we further explored the relationship between EC and single nucleotide polymorphismsof ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes. Results showed that the slow metabolizing ADH1B G allele, ADH1C G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increased EC risk among moderate-to-heavy alcohol drinkers, and a significant interaction was observed between ALDH2 gene and alcohol consumption. Lastly, we found that more than 60% of EC cases could be attributable to major lifestyle risk factors in the study population; furthermore, dissimilar distribution of several lifestyle factors, together with variations of hereditary factors may be largely responsible for the incidence difference between two study areas. [Conclusion]The findings in this thesis confirm that unhealthy lifestyles including smoking, alcohol drinking and some dietary factors are the predominant risk factors of EC in China, and a large proportion of incidence difference between regions at varying risk could be attributed to the different prevalence of lifestyle factors. As most of the identified risk factors are modifiable, these could be translated into risk reduction prevention programs in China, and a substantial proportion of new EC cases are expected to be prevented by eliminating or avoiding these risk factors in the population. </p
Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang has antidepressant effects in a rodent model of postpartum depression by regulating the immune organs and subsets of T lymphocytes
No full textMiao Qu,1 Qisheng Tang,1 Xiaoli Li,1 Ruizhen Zhao,1 Jingya Li,1 Hong Xu,2 Yushan Gao,2 Yingqiu Mao31Third Affiliated Hospital, 2School of Basic Medical Sciences, 3Center of Scientific Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Background: Shen-Qi-Jie-Yu-Fang (SJ Fang) is a herbal preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, and is a potentially important new therapeutic agent in postpartum depression (PPD). Previously, we have elucidated the effects of SJ Fang on hormone receptors and monoamine neurotransmitters involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes in PPD rats. However, the immune-modulating effects of SJ Fang in PPD are still unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of SJ Fang on the immune organs and subsets of T lymphocytes in PPD rats.Methods: PPD was created in Sprague-Dawley rats by inducing hormone-simulated pregnancy followed by hormone withdrawal. After hormone withdrawal, the PPD rats were then treated with fluoxetine at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and the SJ Fang rats were also treated at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Depressive behavior in the rats was evaluated by the forced swim test, sucrose consumption test, and open field test. The thymus index and spleen index were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to identify pathological features in the thymus and spleen. CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Both fluoxetine and SJ Fang increased immobility time, sucrose consumption, an horizontal and vertical movements. After 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine or SJ Fang, the thymus index and spleen index were significantly higher than at baseline, and the morphology of the thymus and spleen were returning to normal. Two weeks after hormone withdrawal, subsets of T lymphocytes indicated a shift from immune activation to immune suppression, which was reversed by 4 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine or SJ Fang.Conclusion: It is suggested that T-cell mediate immune responses which may play a role in the etiopathology of postpartum depression. SJ Fang had an antidepressant effect on the immune system in rats with PDD.Keywords: spleen index, thymus index, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, immune activation, immune suppressio
[Rezension von: Hsu, Yu-Fang, Die Pfadabhängigkeit direkter Demokratie in Deutschland...]
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Supplemental material for Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation for methane from non-isothermal pyrolysis of oil in anhydrous and hydrothermal conditions
No full textSupplemental Material for Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation for methane from non-isothermal pyrolysis of oil in anhydrous and hydrothermal conditions by Kun He, Shuichang Zhang, Jingkui Mi, Yu Fang and Wenlong Zhang in Energy Exploration & Exploitation</p
A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Copidosomopsis Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
No full textYu, Fang, Zhang, Yan-Zhou, Zhu, Chao-Dong, Tu, Li-Hong (2010): A taxonomic study of Chinese species of Copidosomopsis Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Zootaxa 2490: 55-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19558
Description of three new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China
No full textZhang, Xu, Zhang, Yan-Zhou, Wang, Ying, Chen, Fu-Qiang, Yu, Fang, Zhou, Qing-Song (2014): Description of three new species of Ooencyrtus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China. Zootaxa 3790 (3): 451-465, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.3.
Jie ti shi zhi yu fang jiao lü zheng he yi yu zheng de xiao guo he ke xing de yan jiu
No full textZhang, Dexing = 階梯式治預防焦慮癥和抑鬱癥的效果和可性的研究 / 張德杏.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-205).Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese.Zhang, Dexing = Jie ti shi zhi yu fang jiao lü zheng he yi yu zheng de xiao guo he ke xing de yan jiu / Zhang Dexing
Symbolic simulation of industrial real-time and embedded systems -experiments with the bluetooth baseband communication protocol
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