10,068 research outputs found
Top Quark Production Asymmetries A(FB)(t) and A(FB)(l)
No full textA large forward-backward asymmetry is seen in both the top quark rapidity distribution A(FB)(t) and in the rapidity distribution of charged leptons A(FB)(l) from top quarks produced at the Tevatron. We study the kinematic and dynamic aspects of the relationship of the two observables arising from the spin correlation between the charged lepton and the top quark with different polarization states. We emphasize the value of both measurements, and we conclude that a new physics model which produces more right-handed than left-handed top quarks is favored by the present data.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000300247100002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)EI20ARTICLE6null10
The etiology of esophageal cancer in high- and low- risk areas of Jiangsu province, China
No full text [Background]Esophageal cancer (EC) remains one of the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. The geographic variation in EC occurrence is striking, and China is an area with one of the highest incidences of EC. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted toward EC in the past decades, results suggested that tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary factors and chronic injuries of the esophageal mucosa are important in the development of this disease. Genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in metabolism of carcinogens may also influence individual susceptibility. However, the effects of major lifestyle and hereditary risk factors on the development of EC remain poorly understood in China. Moreover, little attention has been paid to the etiological heterogeneity between similar areas with great risk gradient. [Methods]From 2003 to 2007, a large population-based case-control study of EC has been conducted in a selected high-risk area and a selected low-risk area of Jiangsu Province, one of the highest cancer incidence areas in China. In total, 1,520 cases and 3,879 controls were recruited. In this thesis, we evaluated the role of major lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary factors, as well as inherited determinants including family history of cancer and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing related genes on the risk of EC. In addition, we investigated how much of the risk gradient between two areas could be explained by variation in the distributions of major risk factors. [Results] Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking moderately increased the risk of EC, while the positive associations were only found among men but not among women. Dietary factors were observed to play important roles in the development of EC. Specific dietary habits i.e., fast eating speed, and hot eating and/or drinking substantially elevated EC risk and could explain more than 20% of EC cases each. High intake of salty foods and fried foods, low consumption of raw garlic were also observed to increase the risk of EC. In addition to environmental and lifestyle factors, we confirmed that a positive family history can significantly increase EC risk, and found the inheritance may modify the effect of some unhealthy lifestyles. Moreover, we further explored the relationship between EC and single nucleotide polymorphismsof ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes. Results showed that the slow metabolizing ADH1B G allele, ADH1C G allele and ALDH2 A allele significantly increased EC risk among moderate-to-heavy alcohol drinkers, and a significant interaction was observed between ALDH2 gene and alcohol consumption. Lastly, we found that more than 60% of EC cases could be attributable to major lifestyle risk factors in the study population; furthermore, dissimilar distribution of several lifestyle factors, together with variations of hereditary factors may be largely responsible for the incidence difference between two study areas. [Conclusion]The findings in this thesis confirm that unhealthy lifestyles including smoking, alcohol drinking and some dietary factors are the predominant risk factors of EC in China, and a large proportion of incidence difference between regions at varying risk could be attributed to the different prevalence of lifestyle factors. As most of the identified risk factors are modifiable, these could be translated into risk reduction prevention programs in China, and a substantial proportion of new EC cases are expected to be prevented by eliminating or avoiding these risk factors in the population. </p
Parents studying medicine : the dichotomy of studying with a family
No full textIntroduction: In this article the personal study and life situation of parents who are also medical students at the Medical School of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main is discussed. There is a special focus on the topics "studying with children" and "family-friendly university", which have been present in discussions about university development and in the daily life of academics, especially during the last decade. The workgroup "Individual Student Services" at the medical faculty at the Goethe University tries to meet the necessities of the individual study courses and to support the study success with a new counselling and student service concept.
Methods: The experience of parents studying medicine was recorded in semi-structured interviews (Date: April 2010), which were held as part of the sponsored pilot project on part-time medical studies ("Pilot Project Part-time Medical Studies"). Additionally, study results from the Medical School of the Goethe University Frankfurt am Main were integrated as well as a literature analysis.
Results: It was found that the teaching demands and support services, which have been suggested and needed for years now, have been partially implemented and are without sufficient support at the faculty level to date. Thus the current situation of medical students with children is still difficult and seems a big challenge for everyone involved.
Solution: As part of the "Individual Student Services" a new pilot project on part-time medical studies was established in November 2009. Only the use of new, unconventional and innovative ideas allows universities to adequately support the changing and heterogeneous student population and support them to successfully completing their medical studies
Thresholding strategy in passive detection via wavelet filter banks
No full textIn this paper, we evaluate thresholding algorithms applied in wavelet filter bank (FB) based passive detection in radar and sonar systems. Addressing a random emission with unknown parameters, the emission and the received signal are modelled by a Gaussian process with unknown mean and variance. The wavelet FB decomposes the received signal into subchannels. A decision on the absence and presence of the emission is then made by thresholding against the FB outputs. Formulae are derived to prove the detection performance using different thresholding strategies. A graphical comparison of the detection performances with different strategies and in different scenarios is presented. Design principles are derived under this wavelet FB based detection.Limin Yu and L.B. Whitehttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6272978&contentType=Conference+Publication
Interpretations and implications of the top quark rapidity asymmetries A(FB)(t) and A(FB)(l)
No full textForward-backward asymmetries A(FB)(t) and A(FB)(l) are observed in the top-quark t rapidity distribution and in the rapidity distribution of charged leptons l from top-quark decay at the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, and a charge asymmetry A(C) is seen in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this paper, we update our previous studies of the Tevatron asymmetries using the most recent data. We provide expectations for AC at the LHC based first on simple extrapolations from the Tevatron, and second based on new physics models that can explain the Tevatron asymmetries. We examine the relationship of the two asymmetries A(FB)(t) and A(FB)(l). We show their connection through the (V - A) spin correlation between the charged lepton and the top quark with different polarization states. We show that the ratio of the two asymmetries provides independent insight into the physics interpretation of the top-quark asymmetry. We emphasize the value of the measurement of both asymmetries, and we conclude that a model which produces more right-handed than left-handed top quarks is suggested by the present Tevatron data.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000322145600004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Astronomy & AstrophysicsPhysics, Particles & FieldsSCI(E)7ARTICLE1null8
Depolarization and decreased surface expression of K+ channels contribute to NSAID-inhibition of intestinal restitution
No full textNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to gastrointestinal ulcer formation by inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution; however, the drug-affected signaling pathways are poorly defined. We investigated whether NSAID inhibition of intestinal epithelial migration is associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines, depolarization of membrane potential (Em) and altered surface expression of K+ channels. Epithelial cell migration in response to the wounding of confluent IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 monolayers was reduced by indomethacin (100μM), phenylbutazone (100μM) and NS-398 (100μM) but not by SC-560 (1μM). NSAID-inhibition of intestinal cell migration was not associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines. Treatment of IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 cells with indomethacin, phenylbutazone and NS-398 induced significant depolarization of Em, whereas treatment with SC-560 had no effect on Em. The Em of IEC-Cdx2 cells was: −38.5±1.8mV under control conditions; −35.9±1.6mV after treatment with SC-560; −18.8±1.2mV after treatment with indomethacin; and −23.7±1.4mV after treatment with NS-398. Whereas SC-560 had no significant effects on the total cellular expression of Kv1.4 channel protein, indomethacin and NS-398 decreased not only the total cellular expression of Kv1.4, but also the cell surface expression of both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel subunits in IEC-Cdx2. Both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel proteins were immunoprecipitated by Kv1.4 antibody from IEC-Cdx2 lysates, indicating that these subunits co-assemble to form heteromeric Kv channels. These results suggest that NSAID inhibition of epithelial cell migration is independent of polyamine-depletion, and is associated with depolarization of Em and decreased surface expression of heteromeric Kv1 channels.ID: S0006295207001931; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0006295207001931; Author: L.C. Freeman (b); Author: D.F. Narvaez (a); Author: A. McCoy (a); Author: F.B. von Stein (c); Author: S. Young (b); Author: K. Silver (a); Author: S. Ganta (b); Author: D. Koch (b); Author: R. Hunter (b); Author: R.F. Gilmour (c); Author: J.D. Lillich (a, ⁎); Affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Keyword: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Keyword: Intestinal epithelial cells; Keyword: Membrane potential; Keyword: Potassium channels; Number of Pages: 12; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S0006295207001931&site=eds-live&scope=sit
FB-BEV: BEV Representation from Forward-Backward View Transformations
No full textView Transformation Module (VTM), where transformations happen between
multi-view image features and Bird-Eye-View (BEV) representation, is a crucial
step in camera-based BEV perception systems. Currently, the two most prominent
VTM paradigms are forward projection and backward projection. Forward
projection, represented by Lift-Splat-Shoot, leads to sparsely projected BEV
features without post-processing. Backward projection, with BEVFormer being an
example, tends to generate false-positive BEV features from incorrect
projections due to the lack of utilization on depth. To address the above
limitations, we propose a novel forward-backward view transformation module.
Our approach compensates for the deficiencies in both existing methods,
allowing them to enhance each other to obtain higher quality BEV
representations mutually. We instantiate the proposed module with FB-BEV, which
achieves a new state-of-the-art result of 62.4% NDS on the nuScenes test set.
Code and models are available at https://github.com/NVlabs/FB-BEV.Comment: Accept to ICCV 2023, camera-ready versio
Electrogenicity accompanies photoreduction of the iron-sulfur clusters FA and FB in photosystem I
No full textAbstractPhotovoltage responses accompanying electron transfer on the acceptor side of photosystem I (PS I) were investigated in proteoliposomes containing PS I complexes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 using a direct electrometrical technique. The relative contributions of the FX→FB and the FX→FA electron transfer reactions to the overall electrogenicity were elucidated by comparing the sodium dithionite-induced decrease in the magnitude of the total photoelectric responses in control and in FB-less (HgCl2-treated) PS I complexes. The results obtained suggest that the electrogenesis on the acceptor side of PS I is related to electron transfers between both FX and FA and FA and FB. Based on the electrogenic nature of the latter reaction in PS I complexes, we conclude that FA rather than FB is the acceptor proximal to FX
PDAC CTC/M-FB clusters promoted CTC proliferation and migration.
No full textPortalBMC were separated on histopaque gradients and CTC and M-FB cells isolated using aseptic FACS to yield selected populations for defined co-cultures to identify essential populations needed for CTC cluster formation in ex vivo cultures as previously described [11]. Clusters formed in 7-day cultures (A,D) by interactions between CTC and M-FB. Neither CTC (B) or M-FB (C) alone form clusters, though CTC alone can proliferate as a monolayer culture. CTC in 7 day ex vivo cultures of unsorted PortalBMC (E, labeled as PoBMC) from 16 PDAC patients showed CTC proliferation (mean ± SE) increased in in vivo and ex vivo formed clusters compared to FACS-isolated CTC cultured alone. Cultures containing FACS-isolated portal blood circulating tumor cells (labeled as CTC) and FACS-isolated Myeloid-derived Fibroblasts (labeled as M-FB) in defined co-cultures had comparable proliferation compared to PortalBMC cultured without separation and increased proliferation than that seen in FACS-isolated CTC cultured alone. Error bars indicate standard error from the mean and ns indicates no significant difference found between the compared culture type means (bracketed). (F) From samples of 5 PDAC patients, FACS isolated, CFSE labeled CTC co-cultured with FACS isolated MitoTracker Red labeled M-FB isolated directly from PortalBMC were added alone or together in transwell cultures, migrated through transwells within 24hr at a 3.8-fold higher than CTC cultured separately. (G) Live cell micrograph depicted is representative of FACS-isolated in vivo viable clusters containing both CTC+ and MFB+ biomarkers collected directly from PDAC patient PortalBMC without ex vivo culture. Image was taken through a chamberwell slide within 12hr of blood draw and FACS isolation, using 20x magnification. (H) To visualize the interaction of FACS isolated single CTC with FACS isolated single M-FB population in culture, both isolated cell populations from 12 PDAC patient PortalBMC were labeled with vital dyes (CTC with CSFE, M-FB with MitoTracker Red) and cultured together at 37°C/5%CO2. When FACS-isolated CTC (green, CSFE) and FACS-isolated M-FB (red, MitoTracker Red) were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, mixed CTC/M-FB clusters were detected forming within 24 hours. Dye overlap (white) seen in 40x magnification 2-D fluorescence microscopy may be indicative of cell overlap in the aggregates or dye transfer between cells, but could not be confirmed as cytoplasmic transfer or co-localization due to the transient nature of dye visualization in viable cells and the inability to retain the staining by fixation for 3-D confocal re-construction.</p
Broadband passive sonar detection using rational orthogonal wavelet filter banks
No full textA broadband passive sonar detector based on rational orthogonal wavelet filter banks (FBs) is proposed. This wavelet-based subband energy detection approach is able to detect an emission with unknown frequency content in severe multipath and noisy ocean environment. A geometrical acoustic channel model is adopted to synthesise the echo from a moving source using ray tracing. The performance of the wavelet FB detector is analysed under designated detection scenarios with a single detector and three different random emissions varying in bandwidth, source motion velocity and direction. Two different multipath scenarios, severe multipath and one-dominant-path scenario, are simulated by modifying the depth of the detector. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are generated for the wavelet FB detector and are compared with the ROC curves of a conventional energy detector (CED) under the same scenario. © 2011 IEEE.Limin Yu and Langford B. Whitehttp://www.issnip.org/~issnip2011/index.ht
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