12 research outputs found
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A Comparison of Moored Acoustic Doppler Profiler Data and Satellite Altimeter Data on the Variability of East Greenland Current from 2016-2020
No full textThe East Greenland Current (EGC) and the East Greenland Coastal Current (EGCC) are part of the North Atlantic Ocean circulation system that carries cold fresh melting water from the Arctic southward to the Subpolar North Atlantic region; hence, determining the variability and the drivers of these currents can help scientists to develop a better understanding of the circulation and climate in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we compare velocity from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) data (2016-2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) moorings deployed near the Cape Farewell, at the southern tip of Greenland, with the geostrophic velocity derived from satellite altimeter data from AVISO that measures the sea level anomalies (SLA). The goal is to determine which part of the moored observed variability can be derived from the altimeter data. It is found that the seasonal variability observed via the two methods is similar. Similarly, the magnitude of across flow velocity anomaly of the two data sets are the same, but the along flow velocity anomaly computed from the satellite altimeter data is slightly smaller than that of the mooring data. Overall, our results suggest that the satellite altimeter is a complementary tool for ocean circulation observation at high latitudes where moorings are not deployed
Energy Fuels
No full textThis study is devoted to characterizing the isothermal reaction kinetics of char gasification with CO2 in a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) in comparison to the measurement in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Under minimized inhibition of heat and mass transfer, the reaction rate was found to be much higher in the MFBRA than in the TGA. The maximal rate appeared at a conversion of about 0.15 in the MFBRA but at 0.45 in the TGA. The shrinking core model described well the char-CO2 gasification reaction in both the MFBRA and TGA. In the temperature range of 760-1000 degrees C, the char-CO2 gasification reaction can be divided into two stages. At lower temperatures, the activation energy from the MFBRA and TGA is very close, validating the reliability of the MFBRA for analyzing gas-solid reaction kinetics. At higher temperatures, the estimated activation energy was obviously higher for the MFBRA than for the TGA, showing the lower diffusion limitation prevailing in the MFBRA. The frequency factor for the Arrhenius equation was found to be much higher for the MFBRA than for the TGA, complying with the higher reaction rate observed in the MFBRA. The variation in the reaction atmosphere composition during gas switching in the TGA was also investigated.This study is devoted to characterizing the isothermal reaction kinetics of char gasification with CO2 in a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) in comparison to the measurement in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Under minimized inhibition of heat and mass transfer, the reaction rate was found to be much higher in the MFBRA than in the TGA. The maximal rate appeared at a conversion of about 0.15 in the MFBRA but at 0.45 in the TGA. The shrinking core model described well the char-CO2 gasification reaction in both the MFBRA and TGA. In the temperature range of 760-1000 degrees C, the char-CO2 gasification reaction can be divided into two stages. At lower temperatures, the activation energy from the MFBRA and TGA is very close, validating the reliability of the MFBRA for analyzing gas-solid reaction kinetics. At higher temperatures, the estimated activation energy was obviously higher for the MFBRA than for the TGA, showing the lower diffusion limitation prevailing in the MFBRA. The frequency factor for the Arrhenius equation was found to be much higher for the MFBRA than for the TGA, complying with the higher reaction rate observed in the MFBRA. The variation in the reaction atmosphere composition during gas switching in the TGA was also investigated
General Approach to Single and Hybrid Metal Oxide Fiber Structures for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
No full textThyroid function in causal relation to MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis
No full textThe supplementary data of a article titled " Thyroid function in causal relation to MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis "
Overview of supplementary tables
Table S1. Summary-level instrument-TSH associations
Table S2. Summary-level instrument-FT4 associations
Table S3. Summary-level instrument-hypo and hyperthyroidism associations
Table S4. Sensitivity analyses of mendelian randomization for the association of thyroid function with CSVD using adverse approaches
Table S5. Sensitivity analyses of mendelian randomization for the association of thyroid function with CSVD using multivariable inverse-variance weighted approach
Table S6. Mendelian randomization pleiotropy and heterogeneity analyses for the association of thyroid function with CSVD
Overview of supplementary figures
Figure S1. Scatter plots for MR analyses of the associations of stratified TSH levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S2. Scatter plots for MR analyses of the associations of stratified FT4 levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S3. Scatter plots for MR analyses of the associations of hypo and hyperthyroidism with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S4. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations of thyroid function with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S5. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations of stratified TSH levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S6. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations of stratified FT4 levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S7. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations of hypo and hyperthyroidism with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S8. Funnel plots for MR analyses of the associations of thyroid function with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S9. Funnel plots for MR analyses of the associations of stratified TSH levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S10. Funnel plots for MR analyses of the associations of stratified FT4 levels with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
Figure S11. Funnel plots for MR analyses of the associations of hypo and hyperthyroidism with the risk of cerebral small vessel disease
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Selective Solid‐Liquid Interface Sulfidation Growth of Hierarchical Copper Sulfide and Its Hybrid Nanoflakes for Superior Lithium‐Ion Storage
No full textIncidence, temporal trend and factors associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Data to date is far from sufficient to describe the recent epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mainland China. This study aimed to estimate the overall incidence of VAP, with a special focus on its temporal trend and associated factors. Methods: Meta-analyses of 195 studies published from 2010 to 2015 were conducted, followed by subgroup analyses by methodological quality, pre-defined setting characteristics and attributes of populations. Results: The overall cumulative VAP incidence in mainland China was 23.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.6-27.2%), with the results showing high heterogeneity. The pooled incidence densities were 24.14 (95% CI 21.19-27.51) episodes and 22.83 (95% CI 19.88-26.23) patients per 1000 ventilator-days. A decline in the cumulative incidence was observed from 2006 (49.5%, 95% CI 40.0-59.0%) to 2014 (19.6%, 95% CI 10.4-31.0%); differences in the incidence rates were also documented according to Chinese provinces and diagnostic criteria (p < 0.001). Older age (>= 60 years), coma, re-intubation, tracheotomy and prolonged ventilation were the factors significantly associated with the occurrence of VAP. Conclusions: The incidence of VAP remains high in mainland China but has decreased since 2006. The reported rates vary considerably across individual studies, probably due to variations in diagnosis and geographical region. More studies using standard definitions and cut-off points are needed to better clarify the epidemiology of VAP across the country.SCI(E)REVIEW1
Impaired glymphatic system as evidenced by low diffusivity along perivascular spaces is associated with cerebral small vessel disease: a population-based study
No full textObjective This study aims to investigate the associations of glymphatic system with the presence, severity and neuroimaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in a community-based population.Method This report included 2219 community-dwelling people aged 50–75 years who participated in the PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events cohort. The diffusivity along perivascular spaces based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-ALPS index) was measured to assess glymphatic pathway. The presence and severity of CSVD were estimated using a CSVD score (points from 0 to 4) and a modified CSVD score (points from 0 to 4), which were driven by 4 neuroimaging features of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds. Brain atrophy (BA) was also evaluated. Binary or ordinal logistic regression analyses were carried out to investigate the relationships of DTI-ALPS index with CSVD.Result The mean age was 61.3 (SD 6.6) years, and 1019 (45.9%) participants were men. The average DTI-ALPS index was 1.67±0.14. Individuals in the first quartile (Q1) of the DTI-ALPS index had higher risks of the presence of CSVD (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.35, p<0.001), modified presence of CSVD (odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.34, p<0.001), total burden of CSVD (common OR (cOR) 1.89, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.49, p<0.001) and modified total burden of CSVD (cOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.50, p<0.001) compared with those in the fourth quartile (Q4). Additionally, individuals in Q1 of the DTI-ALPS index had increased risks of WMH burden, modified WMH burden, lacunes, basal ganglia-EPVS and BA (all p<0.05).Conclusion A lower DTI-ALPS index underlay the presence, severity and typical neuroimaging markers of CSVD, implying that glymphatic impairment may interact with CSVD-related pathology in the general ageing population.Trial registration number NCT03178448
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The Ocean as a Classroom: Considering the Roles of Equity, Diversity, and Justice in Oceanographic Knowledge Production to Promote Accessibility for Future Generations
No full textUnderstanding the history of how we studied our ocean in the past and how we study it now will help us develop approaches to make future oceanographic knowledge production more diverse, accessible, and inclusive. The motto of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) is, “The ocean we need for the future we want” (Singh et al., 2021). The Ocean Decade gives the ocean sciences community an opportunity to change the way it conducts research, to use ocean science to support sustainable development, and to energize the ocean sciences for future generations. With these goals in mind, we developed an introductory level, student-led graduate seminar that builds on the Ocean Decade framework. A research cruise involving seminar participants followed the seminar sessions. Here, we discuss how we conducted the seminar and highlight directions that are needed to energize future generations of ocean leaders and make ocean science more equitable, inclusive, and accessible
Endovascular therapy in acute ischaemic stroke with large infarction with matched or mismatched clinical-radiological severities: a post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trialResearch in context
No full textSummary: Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) was demonstrated effective in acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) with large infarction. Revealing subgroups of patients who would or would not benefit from EVT will further inform patient selection for EVT. Methods: This post-hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial, a randomised controlled trial of 456 adult patients with acute anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, defined by ASPECTS 3–5 or infarct core volume 70–100 mL, enrolled from 46 centres across China, between October 2, 2020 and May 18, 2022. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receiving EVT and medical management or medical management alone. One patient withdrew consent, 455 patients were included in this post-hoc analysis and categorised into 4 subgroups by lower or higher NIHSS (< or ≥16) and smaller or larger infarct core (< or ≥70 mL). Those with lower NIHSS & smaller core, and higher NIHSS & larger core were considered clinical-radiological matched subgroups; otherwise clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). ANGEL-ASPECT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04551664. Findings: Overall, 139 (30.5%) patients had lower NIHSS & smaller core, 106 (23.3%) higher NIHSS & larger core, 130 (28.6%) higher NIHSS & smaller core, and 80 (17.6%) lower NIHSS & larger core. There was significant ordinal shift in the 90-day mRS toward a better outcome with EVT in clinical-radiological matched subgroups: lower NIHSS & smaller core (generalised OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.62; p = 0.01) and higher NIHSS & larger core (1.64; 1.06–2.54; 0.01); but not in the two clinical-radiological mismatched subgroups. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that in patients with anterior-circulation LVO and large infarction, EVT was associated with improved 90-day functional outcomes in those with matched clinical and radiological severities, but not in those with mismatched clinical and radiological severities. Simultaneous consideration of stroke severity and infarct core volume may inform patient selection for EVT. Funding: Unrestricted grants from industry [Covidien Healthcare International Trading (Shanghai), Johnson & Johnson MedTech, Genesis MedTech (Shanghai), and Shanghai HeartCare Medical Technology]
