372,493 research outputs found
Psychosocial influences on drug driving in young Australian drivers
No full textEpidemiological evidence regarding the occurrence of drug driving amongst young drivers is concerning. This study examined the prevalence of drug driving in a sample of 331 young Australian drivers (average age 24 years), as well as a number of social and psychological influences associated with the behaviour. Results revealed that 26% reported having driven under the influence of psychoactive drugs at least once in their lifetime, and 15% indicated driving within 6 hours of taking drugs and alcohol. While no participants reported being convicted of a drug driving offence, 3% had been involved in one or more crashes whilst drug driving (10% of those who had ever drug driven). Investigations revealed that drug driving behaviour was significantly correlated with vicarious punishment avoidance (r = .41) and direct punishment avoidance (r = .35), suggesting an important link between young peoples’ perceptions about detection and punishment and their own propensity to drug drive. Sensation seeking (r = .24) and attitudes (r = .34) were also significantly correlated with drug driving. Further evidence indicated that those who perceived more social and non-social rewards than punishments associated with drug driving, were more likely to engage in the behaviour. Results suggest that perceptions about detection and punishment are an important influence upon drug driving behaviour for young drivers. The social and non-social rewards associated with drug driving also play an important role
Views of children and young people in foster care survey: education
No full textThis paper explores the educational experiences of children and young people living in foster care in Queensland. Findings are drawn from the responses of 845 children and 1180 young people to the 2011 Views of Children and Young People in Foster Care survey, which is a rich source of information about children’s and young people’s attitudes towards and perceptions of their own education. Findings relate to educational status, key markers of educational disadvantage including suspensions and exclusions, and specific problems children and young people experience at school, as well as children’s and young people’s enjoyment of school and aspirations for the future. Information about educational support, including Educational Support Plans and support provided by Child Safety Officers and Community Visitors are also presented. Where relevant, comparisons are made between the 2011 survey results and prior surveys conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Relationships between key educational measures as well as relationships to other important measures of health and placement stability are also explored.
The findings suggest that children and young people continue to experience educational disadvantage, including high rates of suspension and exclusion and a range of problems at school including problems with schoolwork, bullying and behaviour and that these difficulties can be exacerbated by the child protection system, for example, through placement instability. However, there are reasons for optimism. Children and young people are overwhelmingly likely to report that they enjoy school, expect to complete Year 12 and that their teachers generally like their schoolwork. Furthermore, over time, the proportions of young people reporting that they have an Educational Support Plan have grown, and, importantly, they are more likely to report that these plans are helpful. Analyses in relation to a number of educational variables reveal that young people with a plan they consider to be helpful fare better. Children and young people were also positive about the important role that CSOs and CVs are able to play in supporting their education.
While educational disadvantage is an enduring problem, the survey findings provide evidence of progress in key areas and suggestions for how continued improvements may be made
Is utility in the mind of the beholder? A review of ergonomics methods
No full textThis paper reviews the use of ergonomics methods in the context of usability of consumer products. A review of the literature indicated that there is upward of 60 methods available to the ergonomist. The results of the survey indicated that questionnaires, interviews and observation are the most frequently reported methods used. Ease of use of the methods was dependent upon type of method used, presence of software support and type of training received. Strong links were found between questionnaires and interviews as a combined approach, as well as with HTA and observation. However, a questionnaire survey of professional ergonomists found that none of the respondents had any documented evidence of the reliability and validity of the methods they were using. A study of training people to use ergonomics' methods indicated the different requirements of the approaches, in terms of training time, application time and subjective preferences. An important goal for future research is to establish the reliability and validity of ergonomics methods
Milton R. Young Photograph Collection, 1945-1980
No full textAfter thirty-five years in the United States Senate representing the citizens of North Dakota, Milton R. Young retired in January 1981. This ended a political career than began with his election as a township supervisor in 1924, and continued with Mr. Young holding an elected office without defeat until his retirement
Articulating a Framework for Safe/r Spaces with Young Women in Kenya
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Using feminist approaches, I explore the relationship between safe/r spaces and young women’s civic participation in Kenya. Young women’s standpoints enable us to understand how young women are positioned in relation to institutions, structures, and resources and, in turn, how those relations shape their lives. Using this approach, for example, we can interrogate how power works in concert with institutions to hinder – and/or enhance – young women’s access to safe/r spaces. In this article, I present a framework for safe/r spaces demonstrating how this framework provides an opportunity to work towards freedoms for young women. I also complicate safe/r spaces, arguing that their qualities as paradoxical and productive spaces present immense liberatory possibilities for young women. Importantly, I showcase various strategies that young women use to activate, claim, and cultivate safe/r spaces. I conclude by considering how this reading of safe/r spaces might inform a more meaningful, transformative, and equitable civic participation for young women.
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Developing young children's understanding of place-value using multiplication and quotitive division
No full textThis paper focuses on selected findings from a study that explored the use of multiplication and division with 34 five- and six-year-old children from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The focus of instructional tasks was on working with groups of ten to support the understanding of place value. Findings from relevant assessment tasks and children’s work highlighted the importance of encouraging young children to move from unitary (counting by ones) to tens-structured thinking
John R. Young letter to Brigham Young, 20 May 1874
No full textTyped transcript of a letter by John R. Young dated 20 May 1874 at Kanab, Utah, to Brigham Young, copied by George S. Tanner at the Church Historian\u27s Office in 1970. The letter describes the country around Moenkopi and Oraibi and developments concerning the Arizona mission among the Indians
Alcohol-associated risks for young adults with Type 1 diabetes: a narrative review
No full textAim:? To undertake a narrative review of the impact and pattern of alcohol consumption in young adults with Type 1 diabetes.Methods:? Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, meeting abstracts of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the American Diabetes Association and Diabetes UK, Current Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Research Network, scrutiny of bibliographies of retrieved papers and contact with experts in the field. Inclusion criteria: relevant studies of any design of alcohol consumption and young adults with Type 1 diabetes (age 14–25 years) were included. The key outcomes were the quantity, pattern and impact of alcohol consumption, the effect on diabetes control and the effect of interventions to minimize the risks of alcohol for this population.Results:? Six articles and two conference abstracts met the inclusion criteria. There were six cross-sectional studies, one qualitative study and one within-subjects design study. Quality of studies was variable. Alcohol use amongst young adults with Type 1 diabetes was reported to be common and potentially harmful. There was a paucity of evidence on interventions to minimize the risks of alcohol in this target group.Conclusions:? Research is required to understand the social context of alcohol consumption in this population with a view to developing appropriate interventions to minimize the risks associated with its use.<br/
R&D project team climate and team performance in Korea: A Multidimensional approach
No full textThis study examined the relationship between R&D team climate and team performance in a developing context, Korea. Given the fragmented results of existing studies in advanced countries, which explored largely the effects of individual dimensions of team climate on team performance, this study focused on the interaction effects among multiple dimensions of team climate. The interaction effects can produce seemingly contradictory or paradoxical bivariate associations between each climate dimension and team performance.
Both bivariate and multivariate analyses, using data from 80 R&D project teams in both government-sponsored research institutes and private R&D centres in Korea, revealed the following results.
1. Four dimensions of R&D team climate—autonomy, cohesiveness, change orientation, work pressure—were not positively associated with team performance. Rather, autonomy was found to have a significant negative relationship.
2. Interaction effects of each team climate dimension were partially borne out. When the change orientation or work pressure of a team was high, autonomy had a positive impact on team performance. Otherwise, autonomous team climate deteriorated performance of the team. However, interaction effects between cohesiveness and change orientation or work pressure were not found significant.
3. There appeared three clusters of R&D teams with similar climate characteristics. Teams with high autonomy but a low change orientation exhibited a lower level of performance than the other two clusters—one with low autonomy but high change orientation and work pressure, and the other with a medium level of autonomy and change orientation.
The results implied that a holistic team climate, as well as an individual aspect of climate, had a significant impact on team performance. A configuration approach considering interaction effects among various climate aspects would be beneficial for the development of high performing R&D teams
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