145 research outputs found
Developmental and comparative perspectives of contagious yawning
No full textBook synopsis: Yawning is a stereotyped phylogenetically ancient phenomenon that occurs in almost all vertebrates. As an emotional behavior and an expressive movement, yawning has many consequences; nevertheless, it has so far been poorly addressed in medical research and practice. Bringing together the latest research from many fields, this volume integrates current insights within embryology, ethology, neurophysiology, psychology, fMRI and pathology. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of yawning offer an interesting perspective on human development, and its occurrence in neurological diseases – an area explored by only a few investigators – may provide useful clinical information.
This book will make valuable and fascinating reading to neurologists, sleep specialists, psychologists, ethologists and pharmacologists, as well as to anybody interested in uncovering the mystery of yawning
Spontaneous theory of mind and its absence in autism spectrum disorders
No full textTheory of mind, the cognitive capacity to infer others' mental states, is crucial for the development of social communication. The impairment of theory of mind may relate to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by profound difficulties in social interaction and communication. In the current article, I summarize recent updates in theory of mind research utilizing the spontaneous false belief test, which assesses participants' spontaneous tendency to attribute belief status to others. These studies reveal that young infants pass the spontaneous false belief test well before they can pass the same task when explicitly asked to answer. By contrast, high-functioning adults with ASD, who can easily pass the false belief task when explicitly asked to, do not show spontaneous false belief attribution. These findings suggest that the capacity for theory of mind develops much earlier than was previously thought, and the absence of spontaneous theory of mind may relate to impairment in social interaction and communication found in ASD
The eye contact effect: mechanisms and development
No full textThe ‘eye contact effect’ is the phenomenon that perceived eye contact with another human face modulates certain aspects of the concurrent and/or immediately following cognitive processing. In addition, functional imaging studies in adults have revealed that eye contact can modulate activity in structures in the social brain network, and developmental studies show evidence for preferential orienting towards, and processing of, faces with direct gaze from early in life. We review different theories of the eye contact effect and advance a ‘fast-track modulator’ model. Specifically, we hypothesize that perceived eye contact is initially detected by a subcortical route, which then modulates the activation of the social brain as it processes the accompanying detailed sensory information
Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of cell-cell junctions in epithelial cells by using super-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy
No full textInteraction of Proteins with Biomembranes
No full textMany proteins interact with cell and subcellular membranes [...
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Caveolae Dynamics Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
No full text2P222 Remodeling of actin filament bundles and focal adhesions during fibroblast spreading(Cell biological problems-adhesion, motility, cytoskeleton, signaling, and membrane,Poster Presentations)
No full textRegulation of actin dynamics by PI(4,5)P-2 in cell migration and endocytosis
No full textThe actin cytoskeleton is indispensable for several cellular processes, including migration, morphogenesis, polarized growth, endocytosis, and phagocytosis. The organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes are regulated by Rho family small GTPases and kinase-phosphatase pathways. Moreover, membrane phospholipids, especially the phosphatidylinositol phosphates have emerged as important regulators of actin dynamics. From these, PI(4,5)P-2 is the most abundant at the plasma membrane, and directly regulates the activities and subcellular localizations of numerous actin-binding proteins. Here, we discuss recent studies demonstrating that actin-binding proteins interact with PI(4,5)P-2-rich membranes through drastically different affinities and dynamics correlating with their roles in cytoskeletal dynamics. Moreover, by using mesenchymal cell migration and clathrin-mediated endocytosis as examples, we present a model for how interplay between PI(4,5)P-2 and actin-binding proteins control the actin cytoskeleton in cells.Peer reviewe
1P307 Cell polarization accompanies stress fiber formation in spreading fibroblasts(10. Cytoskeleton,Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)
No full text3P197 The role of F-BAR protein pacsin2 in the formation of caveolae(Cell biology,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)
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