1,721,065 research outputs found
Task-Interface Matching: How we may design user interfaces
Full text linkThis research was supported by KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation) and ARIEL, France
Qualitative Modeling with Temporal Causality Network and Quantity Network
No full textA qualitative reasoning scheme with explicit temporal expression is presented. Its aim is to develop a possible solution for the fundamental problem of temporal reasoning and ambiguity rather than to refine the existing techniques for a specific domain. The proposed system represents the system behavior in the form of a partially ordered network. Time intervals may be defined in terms of relative lengths in a quantity space. Such explicit description of temporal quantities helps reduce ambiguity in qualitative simulation. An independent quantity space management system organizes the qualitative reasoning about physical and temporal quantities
The Emergence of large-scale logical systems and cognitive ergonomics
No full textWith the rapid progress of information technology, the work environments that cognitive ergonomics (CE) should deal with are vastly changing. Among the most important ongoing changes is the emergence of large-scale logical systems. Logical systems are in nature software-based but now grow to be both large-scaled and dynamic, integrating a variety of physical facilities and social mechanisms. The domains include telecommunication and traffic, e-commerce, production control, knowledge management, scheduling and distribution. This paper considers the characteristics of the emerging large-scale logical systems (LLSs) and discusses the ensuing needs that CE has to prepare to meet. As a potential main theme in a generalized system design paradigm, the human-system interaction in the middle abstraction levels is emphasized. The directions of further development of CE to prepare such generalization are accordingly probed. Lastly, it is pointed out that the knowledge society brings the notion of cognitive organization to the attention of CE, with increased complexity in the human part
QUBICS: A general quantity base management system
No full textThe problem of ambiguities has presented an obstacle to the practical use of qualitative simulation in dealing with real-life dynamic systems. One of the dominant causes of these prevailing ambiguities is the parsimonious use of information by current qualitative simulation models. Humans seem to utilize more quantity information to produce less ambiguous predictions when reasoning on dynamic mechanisms. To cover such human algebraic reasoning, the representation and processing of quantity information should be extended. This paper presents an inference system specialized for processing quantity information in order to support qualitative simulation. The system stores the information in the form of constraints into a quantity base, a notion that is parallel to the symbolic fact base, and processes queries based on linear programming techniques and goal-tree search. Temporal reasoning is also facilitated through an improved utilization of derivative information
Aiding the analysis of human actions in large-scale systems: An intelligent interface approach
No full textAnalysis of human behavior, going as far as errors, in large human-machine systems such as power plants and aircraft cockpits, is recognized as one of the most essential tasks for enhancing system safety. As the cognitive aspects of human-machine interaction are increasingly emphasized, the task of description and analysis of human activities becomes more complicated and demanding. This paper presents a support system which implements some original concepts of intelligent interface to support the analytic description of human cognitive actions and the human-machine interaction that surrounds them. The aid enhances the coherence and the resolution of the incident analysis so that necessary counter measures to overcome the found errors can be clearly derived. It employs both model-based and rule-based reasoning based on an operator model, a rule base of operational constraints, and an extensive knowledge base that represents the system configurations. The interface was designed to be transparent and non-intrusive considering the cognitive process of the user. The system was developed for incident analysis in nuclear power plants in Korea, but the approach is general enough that it may be applied to the analysis of human-machine interactive behavior of any large-scale systems. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Lt
Quantitative results assessing design issues of selection-supportive menus
No full textAs a list of menu items becomes longer, users have increasing difficulty finding the desired item. Researchers have noticed that some menu items are selected more frequently than others, and have suggested various kinds of adaptive menus that support the selection of these high-frequency items. In this paper, we investigate existing selectionsupportive menus and find that they support the selection of high-frequency items by providing them with either spatial or spatio-temporal priority. For example, split menus (ACM Trans. Comput. Human Interaction 1 (1994) 27-51) offer spatial priority and the menus of Microsoft Office 2000 provides both spatial and temporal priority. This finding leads us to define a new type of adaptive menu that provides only temporal priority, where only high-frequency items are displayed at first. A controlled experiment was performed to assess the issues involved in the design of adaptive menus. The results revealed that each type of adaptive menu has both strengths and weaknesses. Spatial prioritization significantly decreases the selection time of high-frequency items if the variations in selection frequency are small; however, if the selection frequency distribution changes greatly, then the mean selection time rapidly deteriorates. In comparison, temporal selection- support is less effective at reducing selection time for high-frequency items, but is more robust due to its insensitivity to variations in selection frequency. Based on experimental data, quantitative criteria are provided to assist designers when deciding which type of menu to use
Development of quantitative metrics to support UI designer decision-making in the design process
No full textThe UI designer must be able to anticipate cognitive difficulties of users in the UI design process. However, the designer is likely to make erroneous judgments in the context of increasing functionality. Furthermore, time constraints in the development process exacerbate the design problem. There are various techniques to support the UI designer in the design process, including abstract design principles, specific design guidelines, design cases, design inspections, and design metrics. Metrics can summarize the status of a UI design solution more objectively and more accurately than human designers. This paper aims to develop quantitative metrics based on a unified framework for interaction design, which decomposes UI design problem into the four components: information architecture, task procedure, system dynamics, and physical interface. Three metrics were proposed to assist designers decision-making, including incongruity, complexity, and inefficiency. A case study shows that the proposed metrics can support the designers decision making in an efficient manner. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007
Adaptive classification with ellipsoidal regions for multidimensional pattern classification problems
No full textThis paper presents an adaptive classification method that utilizes ellipsoidal regions for multidimensional pattern classification problems with continuous input variables. The classification method fits a finite number of the ellipsoidal regions to data pattern by using adaptive operations iteratively. The method adaptively expands, rotates, shrinks, and/ or moves the ellipsoidal regions while each ellipsoidal region is separately handled with a fitness value assigned. The adaptation procedure is combined with a variable selection process in the outer loop, where significant input variables for the ellipsoids are determined by using a stepwise selection method. The performance of the method is evaluated on well-known classification problems from the UCI machine learning repository. The evaluation result shows that the proposed method can exert equivalent or superior performance, with smaller number of rules, to other classification methods such as fuzzy rules, decision trees, or neural networks. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Usability Issues in Information Systems for Mobile Devices
No full textIncreasing in popularity around the world, the versatile mobile phone continuously finds new application domains. Initially a voice communication device, it has evolved into a multi-purpose information appliance. Usages of mobile phones have recently expanded to business information systems such as stock trading systems, banking systems, and M-commerce systems including the general services such as Short Message Service (SMS), personal information management, and mobile-internet browsing. Despite their technical innovation, many of mobile information systems are still difficult to use. Such poor usability comes not only from the complexity of the task, but also from the restrictions of the mobile device such as small screen size, limited means of input, and dynamic use context. Screen size limitation is caused not only by technology deficiency, but also by the user’s need for a small size device for mobility. A small size screen could cause a page split which could be implemented in a single page in an ordinary desktop screen, so the user should navigate between pages to accomplish a task which could have been done without navigation. As explained above, the limited size of the screen will certainly alter the user’s behavior compared with a large screen environment, and usability problems like disorientation and cognitive overload may arise. This research focuses on the effect of small screen size on the mobile information system usability. Although there has been research on the small screen, most is focused on space enlargement or readability and comprehension problems; therefore, those results do not give sufficient information to influence the design of less complex and more interactive mobile information systems. This paper discusses the key user interface issues of the small screen and proposes a design approach to overcome the page split problem
Coupling structural and functional models for interaction design
No full textModel-based interaction design is a promising approach to the problem of building sophisticated interactive systems. Although many models and model-based design methods have been proposed, in practice their effectiveness has tended to be limited to solving fragmented design problems. One factor that has diminished the effectiveness of previous approaches has been their inability to integrate the various models used for different aspects of the overall design problem. This paper proposes a novel approach for combining a structural model and a functional model for complicated interaction design. Formal correspondence between the models is defined and a conversion process to transform from one model to the other and vice versa is introduced. The functional model, OCD, is an efficient technique for representing task procedures, while the structural model, statechart, is well suited to representing system behavior. The usability needs and system requirements are introduced into the design process through either representation. Then, the constraints formed by a decision in a model can be seen by the designer in the other model through transformation. The possibility of automatic conversion between the models warrants the consistence between the models through the design process even when the models should continually evolve. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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