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Voices Against an Era: Alternative Voices, Cultural Heroics, and the Impact of He Yong and Zhang Chu on Chinese Rock Music
No full textThe music of He Yong and Zhang Chu, two of the Three Heroes of Magic Stone, has played an integral part in the development of Chinese rock. Often relegated to footnotes in the music’s history, this thesis aims to prove their cultural and musical significance during the late-eighties and early-nineties of China’s Reform and Opening period. The term “voices against an era” was chosen to define He Yong and Zhang Chu’s role as rock musicians with alternative voices during this historical period, with an investigation of the term’s role in creating an alternate dialogue. To do this, I first define what it means to be a “voice of a generation” and “cultural hero” and the mythicizing of these terms as a method of crafting a dominant discourse supporting the illusion of economic reform and globalization. He Yong and Zhang Chu’s implication in the myth is explored through their record company’s promotion of them as “heroes.” I follow this up by establishing the artists as alternative voices utilizing the tools of “noise” and “poetry” to present an alternative depiction of China’s Reform and Opening. Chinese societal issues such as identity loss, alienation, the negative effects of modernity, nature, freedom, and social pressure are then identified and analyzed as central themes in six of the artists’ songs. Lastly, I examine how He Yong and Zhang Chu navigated the paradox of fame to influence subsequent generations of rock musicians and fans through their musical legacy. By following a holistic approach that includes analysis of historical and cultural contexts, biographical information, artist interviews, music, lyrics, promotional material, music videos, and scholarly articles, this study proposes that the role of these two rockers was vital in shaping Chinese popular music and providing alternative interpretations of Reform and Opening.Master of Arts (M.A.
Polystichum sunhangii Liang Zhang, Yong Ling Qiu & Li Bing Zhang 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Polystichum sunhangii</i> Liang Zhang, Yong Ling Qiu & Li Bing Zhang, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Fig. 2) <p> Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Motuo Town, Yarang, elev. ca. 1200 m, 29°14’N / 95°16’E, on slopes in evergreen forests, 26 June 2021, <i>Liang Zhang, Xia Wan, Jianjun Yang & Wanglin Zhao</i> 4582 (holotype KUN-1576004!; isotype PYU!).</p> <p> Diagnosis: <i>Polystichum sunhangii</i> is most similar to <i>P. attenuatum</i> by having bipinnate laminae and bulbils on subapical rachis, but differs from later in the location of bulbils, which are found on the every distal costa.</p> <p> <b>Plants</b> perennial, evergreen, terrestrial. <b>Rhizome</b> short, erect, ca. 10–15 mm in diam., lower part with many glabrous and dark brown roots, upper part densely scaly, scales concolorous or middle part slightly dark; scales dimorphic, large scales ovate or lanceolate, entire, apex acuminate, 5.1–7.2 × 1.1–3 mm, small scales lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2.3–3.5 × 0.6–1.3 mm. <b>Frond</b> caespitose, 60–100 cm tall; petiole stramineous, 26–35 cm, 1–3 mm in diam. at middle, adaxially canaliculated, base densely scaly, light brown or reddish brown; scales dimorphic, large scales ovate-lanceolate, 2.9–4.1× 1.1–2.1 mm, chartaceous, margins entire, small scales lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.8–3.1 × 0.4–1.2 mm. <b>Lamina</b> bipinnate, oblong <b>-</b> lanceolate, 39–66 × 16–23 cm, thickly papery, apex acuminate, slightly contracted towards base; rachises stramineous, 36–63 cm long, ca. 1–3 mm in diam. at middle, adaxially sulcate, covered with lanceolate brown scales, scales dimorphic, similar to petiole scales, large scales spare, with 1 proliferous bulbil near apex. <b>Pinnae</b> 15–22 (–37) pairs, alternate, pinnate to pinnatifid upwards, shortly petiolate, lanceolate, apices acute, mostly attached at right angles to rachis, upper pinnae slightly ascendant, basal 1 or 2 pairs angled basiscopically with rachis, middle pinnae 9–13.5 × 1.8–3.8 cm, the upper basal pinnae longer than rest, the lower basal pinnae slightly shorter than rest; pinnules rhombic-ovate, 6–11 pairs, apices obtuse, acroscopic bases with distinct or indistinct deltoid auricles, basiscopic side slightly curved, margins shallowly toothed, teeth with aculeate tip or spinulose, acroscopic auriculate pinnules sometimes shallowly lobed, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely covered with lanceolate or subulate microscales, microscales light brown or brown, apex acuminate; venation free, lateral veins pinnate, visible abaxially, indistinct adaxially. <b>Sori</b> large, round, terminal on shorter veinlets, in one row on each side of midrib, medial, centers of sori ca. 0.1–0.5 cm from pinnule margins, 2–10 on acroscopic side, 0–6 on basiscopic side; indusia present, round, membranous, entire.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratype)</b>:— CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Motuo Town, elev. ca. 1920 m, 29°11’N / 95°19’E, open area in forests, 26 June 2021, <i>Liang Zhang, Xia Wan, Jianjun Yang & Wanglin Zhao 4548</i> (KUN!).</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution</b>:—The species is currently only found in Medog County, Xizang, China, and may be endemic to the region.</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>:— <i>Polystichum sunhangii</i> was observed to be a terrestrial plant in open areas of evergreen forests, growing at elevations between 1200 and 1920 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—In honor of Prof. Hang Sun, who has been working on plant diversity in Medog since 1992.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name</b>:—IJǟff̎ (sun hang er jue).</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>:—While bulbils on the rachis are not uncommon in <i>Polystichum</i>, they were rarely found on the costae (Fraser-Jenkins <i>et al.</i> 2018). In contrast, all mature pinnae of <i>P. sunhangii</i> have bulbils on distal costae, which has not been documented in any other species of <i>Polystichum</i> so far. Morphologically, <i>P. sunhangii</i> is also similar to <i>P. chunii</i> and <i>P. lentum</i> in the presence of bulbils on the rachis. Our reconstructed phylogeny confirmed the monophyly of <i>P. attenuatum</i>, <i>P. chunii</i>, <i>P. lentum</i> (three samples from Medog were added), although the support was weak (MLBS=56%, BIPP=0.73). The relationships among the three species remain unclear. <i>Polystichum sunhangii</i> is closely related to the three species with distinct divergence.</p>Published as part of <i>Qiu, Yong-Ling, Yang, Jian-Jun, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Ju, Wen-Bin, Zhang, Li-Bing, He, Zhao- Rong & Zhang, Liang, 2023, Three new species of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) from Xizang, China based on morphological and molecular evidence, pp. 18-30 in Phytotaxa 618 (1)</i> on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.618.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8389725">http://zenodo.org/record/8389725</a>
FIGURE 2. Athyrium aberrans Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang.—A. Habit.—B. Adaxial lamina.—C in Athyrium aberrans (Athyriaceae), a new species of the lady ferns from southeastern Xizang, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence
No full textFIGURE 2. Athyrium aberrans Liang Zhang & Li Bing Zhang.—A. Habit.—B. Adaxial lamina.—C. Abaxial lamina, an arrow indicates a bulbil on the rachis.—D. Portion of pinnae showing sori and veins.—E. Rhizome with petiole bases.—F. Spore.Published as part of Qiu, Yong-Ling, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Li-Bing, Zhou, Xin-Mao & Zhang, Liang, 2022, Athyrium aberrans (Athyriaceae), a new species of the lady ferns from southeastern Xizang, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence, pp. 165-172 in Phytotaxa 533 (3) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/604843
Zhang Yong (éd.), Comparative Studies on the Judicial Review System in East and Southeast Asia
No full textZhang Yong (éd.), Comparative Studies on the Judicial Review System in East and Southeast Asia. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 50 N°1, Janvier-mars 1998. pp. 290-294
Zhang Yong (éd.), Comparative Studies on the Judicial Review System in East and Southeast Asia
No full textZhang Yong (éd.), Comparative Studies on the Judicial Review System in East and Southeast Asia. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 50 N°1, Janvier-mars 1998. pp. 290-294
Macrosteles falcatus Zhang
No full textMacrosteles falcatus Zhang & Lu, sp. nov. (Plate 4, figs. 11–20) Length (including tegmen). Male: 3.2–3.3 mm; female: 4.0– 4.1 mm. Pale green; head with 3 pair of irregular black spots; pronotum pale yellow with smoky marks, anterior margin with small black spots; scutellum with basal triangle and transverse suture black; forewings smoky, clavus slightly brownish. Vertex with midlength slightly longer than next to eyes and shorter than between eyes. Male genitalia. Pygofer with distinct tubercle on caudo-ventral margin. Subgenital plates with outer margin convex over basal two-thirds. Aedeagus with shaft elongate, weakly curved dorsad, with lateral teeth from near base to near apex, slightly to apex, apical appendages moderately long, evenly curved dorsally, sickle-like, in lateral aspect, divergent. Male 2 nd abdominal apodemes extending beyond posterior margin of sternum. Holotype: male, CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Shangri-La County, 19.vii. 2005, Coll. Lu Lin (NWAFU). Paratypes: 3 males, 4 females, same data as holotype (NWAFU and 1 male BMNH). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Remarks. The species is similar to M. laevis, but can be differentiated from the latter by the shorter apical aedeagal appendages, and longer male 2 nd abdominal apodemes. Etymology. The species epithet “ falcatus ” refers to the sickle-shaped aedeagal processes in lateral view.Published as part of Yalin, Zhang, Lin, Lu & Kwon, Yong Jung, 2013, Review of the Leafhopper Genus Macrosteles Fieber (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China, pp. 361-392 in Zootaxa 3700 (3) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3700.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/24899
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