37 research outputs found
High quality optical and optoelectronic materials for efficient light management and solar spectrum control and conversion
No full textOptoelectronic devices that effectively manipulate and manage light are of great interest in multiple fields, particularly in photovoltaics (PV) as a way to absorb and convert light into electricity. On the other hand, display technologies exploit optical materials and optoelectronics to efficiently extract light from an emissive component. Regardless of industry, similar principles guide the research of these devices and can be utilized to improve upon existing designs or generate new, unique designs. This dissertation focuses on high performance optoelectronic devices for both PV and emissive display applications that employ similar principles to optimize optical pathways within the respective device design.
We first explore ultrathin semiconductor designs that reduce costs of expensive materials and processing. Silicon solar microcells are re-designed to account for high series resistance and poor absorption. A back contact design significantly reduces the series resistance within the solar microcell and allows for an anti-reflection coating on the front surface to drastically improve the absorption of incident irradiation. Strategies for an improved concentration design are then explored that implement traditional lenses for concentration of direct light at high concentration ratios. Collection of diffuse light is then achieved through a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in the backplane of the lens array, contributing to additional achievable power on both clear and cloudy days.
The improved solar microcells are then integrated with a low power density application, a self-powered electrochromic, or “smart” window. Here, the microcells are shown as an exemplar high performance and relatively transparent PV material to power such a window. Processes for fabrication of the self-powered electrochromic window are considered for scalability and ease of integration into industrial applications. These include sol-gel methods for preparation of active, electrochromic films and the ability to do processing on flexible substrates. The latter enables transitory capabilities as well as the possibility to include an adhesive for active retrofitting to existing windows. An electrochromic film powered by the Si microcells is demonstrated with transmission modulation on the order of 46%.
Finally, we show a design for an emissive cavity to replace absorptive color filters in a liquid crystal display (LCD). Strategies from LSCs are exploited to design the emissive component, quantum dots embedded in a polymer waveguide. The quantum dots used here have high quantum yields and narrow bandwidths, which are necessary if an RGB display is to be realized. Additionally, the Stokes shift of the quantum dots is large, which reduces reabsorption events within the polymer waveguide. The waveguide is then integrated into a reflective cavity that reflects luminesced photons (especially those emitted from the edge of the waveguide) towards a small top aperture. High extraction efficiencies are achieved with this design and a micropixel array is presented as a prototype for integration into an LCD panel.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Mikayla Yoder, accepted the attached license on 2018-11-29 at 18:15.The student, Mikayla Yoder, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-11-29 at 18:38.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-12-03 at 11:46.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13150 on 2019-02-08 at 11:40:25Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:43:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 41
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Previous issue date: 2018-12-03Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109951
Lift date: 2021-02-08T18:43:54Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109951
Lift date: 2021-02-08T18:44:50Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 109951 on 2021-02-09T10:15:45Z
High quality optical and optoelectronic materials for efficient light management and solar spectrum control and conversion
No full textOptoelectronic devices that effectively manipulate and manage light are of great interest in multiple fields, particularly in photovoltaics (PV) as a way to absorb and convert light into electricity. On the other hand, display technologies exploit optical materials and optoelectronics to efficiently extract light from an emissive component. Regardless of industry, similar principles guide the research of these devices and can be utilized to improve upon existing designs or generate new, unique designs. This dissertation focuses on high performance optoelectronic devices for both PV and emissive display applications that employ similar principles to optimize optical pathways within the respective device design.
We first explore ultrathin semiconductor designs that reduce costs of expensive materials and processing. Silicon solar microcells are re-designed to account for high series resistance and poor absorption. A back contact design significantly reduces the series resistance within the solar microcell and allows for an anti-reflection coating on the front surface to drastically improve the absorption of incident irradiation. Strategies for an improved concentration design are then explored that implement traditional lenses for concentration of direct light at high concentration ratios. Collection of diffuse light is then achieved through a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in the backplane of the lens array, contributing to additional achievable power on both clear and cloudy days.
The improved solar microcells are then integrated with a low power density application, a self-powered electrochromic, or “smart” window. Here, the microcells are shown as an exemplar high performance and relatively transparent PV material to power such a window. Processes for fabrication of the self-powered electrochromic window are considered for scalability and ease of integration into industrial applications. These include sol-gel methods for preparation of active, electrochromic films and the ability to do processing on flexible substrates. The latter enables transitory capabilities as well as the possibility to include an adhesive for active retrofitting to existing windows. An electrochromic film powered by the Si microcells is demonstrated with transmission modulation on the order of 46%.
Finally, we show a design for an emissive cavity to replace absorptive color filters in a liquid crystal display (LCD). Strategies from LSCs are exploited to design the emissive component, quantum dots embedded in a polymer waveguide. The quantum dots used here have high quantum yields and narrow bandwidths, which are necessary if an RGB display is to be realized. Additionally, the Stokes shift of the quantum dots is large, which reduces reabsorption events within the polymer waveguide. The waveguide is then integrated into a reflective cavity that reflects luminesced photons (especially those emitted from the edge of the waveguide) towards a small top aperture. High extraction efficiencies are achieved with this design and a micropixel array is presented as a prototype for integration into an LCD panel.LimitedAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD syste
Interferon gamma-inducible protein (IFI) 16 transcriptionally regulates type i interferons and other interferon-stimulated genes and controls the interferon response to both DNA and RNA viruses
No full textFirst author Mikayla R. Thompson is a doctoral student in the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at UMass Medical School.The interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) has recently been linked to the detection of nuclear and cytosolic DNA during infection with herpes simplex virus-1 and HIV. IFI16 binds dsDNA via HIN200 domains and activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), leading to TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-kappaB activator)-binding kinase-1 (TBK1)-dependent phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) and related genes. To better understand the role of IFI16 in coordinating type I IFN gene regulation, we generated cell lines with stable knockdown of IFI16 and examined responses to DNA and RNA viruses as well as cyclic dinucleotides. As expected, stable knockdown of IFI16 led to a severely attenuated type I IFN response to DNA ligands and viruses. In contrast, expression of the NF-kappaB-regulated cytokines IL-6 and IL-1beta was unaffected in IFI16 knockdown cells, suggesting that the role of IFI16 in sensing these triggers was unique to the type I IFN pathway. Surprisingly, we also found that knockdown of IFI16 led to a severe attenuation of IFN-alpha and the IFN-stimulated gene retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) in response to cyclic GMP-AMP, a second messenger produced by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) as well as RNA ligands and viruses. Analysis of IFI16 knockdown cells revealed compromised occupancy of RNA polymerase II on the IFN-alpha promoter in these cells, suggesting that transcription of IFN-stimulated genes is dependent on IFI16. These results indicate a broader role for IFI16 in the regulation of the type I IFN response to RNA and DNA viruses in antiviral immunity
Where the Ground Was the Enemy: Setting as a Character in The Things They Carried
No full textThis article examines the role of the setting in Tim O’Brien’s classic postmodern novel The Things They Carried. Based on close reading and researched analysis of the text itself, we demonstrate that O’Brien so thoroughly personifies the landscape and terrain of Vietnam that it becomes more than just the setting--it becomes a character. Moreover, the terrain becomes the principal antagonist faced by the narrator and his comrades.
Such a literary move allows the author to avoid demonizing the people, whether friend or foe, of Vietnam. After establishing our basic claim about the role of the landscape, we take our analysis further by using historical, biographical, and a bit of geographical research to demonstrate that such a reading of The Things They Carried is entirely consistent with the ideology expressed by both the invented narrator of the book (whom the author also names Tim O’Brien) as well as the author himself
Urban Geography, Gentrification, and Memory of the Black Panther Party: An Essay in Photographs
No full textThis creative project is a magazine which focuses on and highlights the politics and contributions of the Black Panther Party to the Black Liberation Movement in Oakland. The magazine is titled “Black Panther” as a homage to the Panthers’ newspaper that published 537 issues during the time they were active. Divided into five sections, the magazine includes the political profiles of Panther leaders in Oakland, a walking photo tour of significant and historical sites related to the Black Panther chapter in Oakland, a dissection of the anti-imperialist and Black Marxist theories practiced by the Panthers, a highlight of the Panthers’ part in healthcare and outreach in Black communities, and a magnified look at gentrification in historically Black Oakland communities. All photos were taken by the author on a 35mm Canon AE-1 to mirror the aesthetic of the times
Optimization of Photon and Electron Collection Efficiencies in Silicon Solar Microcells for Use in Concentration‐Based Photovoltaic Systems
No full textResponding to the HIV epidemic in Laos : an investigation of avenues for sharing lessons learned
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
Toxoplasma gondii infection induces the formation of host’s nuclear granules containing poly (A)-binding proteins
No full textTo gain an insight into the mechanisms by which Toxoplasma gondii interacts with the host cells at the molecular level, human poly-(A) binding protein (PABP) is being investigated. PABP family is an indicator of translation in the cell, given its roles in mRNA stability, translational initiation and repression. Following a heat shock, the formation of PABP-containing granules was observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human fibroblasts. This heat shock response does not affect the progression of T. gondii infection, as the parasite can invade and replicate in human fibroblasts with or without prior heat shock stress. Interestingly, the formation of nuclear PABP-containing granules is specifically induced upon T. gondii infection. Pyrimethamine treatment thwarts T. gondii infection, and reduces the formation of nuclear PABP-containing granules, indicating an active host-parasite interaction.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Tribal Communities and State and Local Governments: Existing Relationships
No full textTribal and state/local governments have maintained a unique and crucial relationship throughout the United States’ history. Today, state and federally recognized Tribes sometimes face obstacles when attempting to implement projects due to state or local government opposition and vice versa. Federally recognized Tribes are sovereign, self-governing entities on equal footing with state governments. State recognized tribes, on the other hand, may not be equal to state governments, depending on the state laws regarding tribal state recognition. State recognized tribes do not have the same benefits as federally recognized tribes in that the tribe’s status is recognized by the state but the tribe is not guaranteed funding from the state or federal government. Due to this unique relationship, it is essential that productive cooperation and understanding exists between the Tribal and state/local governments.
This memorandum describes the relationship between tribal, state, and local governments. The summary is broken down into two sections: state and tribal government relationships and local and tribal government relationships. Case studies showcase the relationships between particular Tribes and local or state governments. These case studies demonstrate how certain Tribes and local or state governments are working together and how their collaboration affects Tribal and non-Tribal communities.
This abstract has been taken from the author\u27s introduction
“Be Grateful You’re Not Like Them:” The Treatment of Middle Eastern and Muslim Women in 21st Century America
No full textThis presentation discusses and analyzes the stigmatization, objectification, and discrimination against Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls in the United States during and after the War on Terror. This is a gendered crisis, as Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls stand at the intersection of being stigmatized, objectified, and discriminated against due to a mixture of their race/ethnicity, gender, and/or religion; however, this is a topic that is often ignored or dismissed. In a Washington Post article from 2016 titled “How Muslim women bear the brunt of Islamophobia,” author Rana Elmir claims that, although both men and women face discrimination and hatred for their ethnicity and/or religion, it is a gendered crisis, especially for women who wear coverings because they become a “visible representation of [Islam].” Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls are stigmatized and discriminated against because they were viewed as an enemy during the War on Terror, which was - for many Americans - the only depictions they have seen of Middle Eastern and Muslim people. Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls are also objectified because their culture is deemed as “other” from American society, and since many Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls practice modesty, non-Middle Eastern/Muslim people objectify what they are “not allowed to see.” These acts of stigmatization, objectification, and discrimination also show patterns through each president in the 21st century: Bush, Obama, Trump, and Biden. Rates of discrimination and views of Middle Eastern and Muslim people have varied depending on state and federal legislation, how each president openly talked about Middle Eastern and Muslim people, and the United States’ relations towards Middle Eastern countries. This stigmatization, objectification, and discrimination has deeply impacted the perception of Middle Eastern and Muslim women and girls which continues to cause harm in both private and public ways
