162 research outputs found
Observing soil organic carbon spatial and seasonal variability at the Golan Heights using Rock-Eval measurements
No full textSoil organic matter (SOM) stores most of the terrestrial carbon, and changes in this storage can have a significant effect on the global carbon cycle. Various approaches have been used to understand the SOM transformations and stability. Here, we estimated the long-term SOM stability, and the effect of decomposition on the stability and composition of the remaining fraction, by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The sampling took place in Mount Baron, the Golan Heights, in October 2021, February 2022, and June 2022, which represent the beginning, middle, and end of the rainy season. . Each sample was pooled from 2 locations and taken by a trowel from A-horizon at 0-10 cm depth.. At each campaign, the soil was sampled at 4 heights along the north and south slopes, under tree canopy, and in open grassland. In addition, to study the different fractions of organic matter, we analyzed soil separated into particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). The samples were dried to 55°C and were ground with a mortar and pestle before the Rock-Eval analysis (Rock Eval 6, Vinci Technologies, at Ben Gurion University of the Negev for October samples and Rock Eval 7S, Vinci Technologies, at the Geological Survey of Israel for February and June samples)
Observing soil organic carbon spatial and seasonal variability at the Golan Heights using CO2/O2 fluxes measurements in an incubation experiment
No full textSoil organic matter (SOM) stores most of the terrestrial carbon, and changes in this storage can have a significant effect on the global carbon cycle. Various approaches have been used to understand the SOM transformations and stability. Here we measured the respiratory CO2 and O2 fluxes, and their ratio (the Apparent Respiratory Quotient - ARQ) in soil incubations at different temperatures, to learn about the short-term processes affecting SOM stability. To study in detail the spatial and temporal variability, we examine soil samples from two sample sets: a regional set, and a local set that was used to study the seasonality and environmental variability within a site. The regional set was taken from 11 sites located in the north and center of the Golan Heights, the samplings took place in two campaigns in October 2020 and in January 2021. In each site, the sample was pooled from 2 sub-samples taken by a trowel from A-horizon at 0-10 cm depth in adjacent locations. The local soil samples set was taken from Mt. Baron, a volcanic cinder cone which is located in the north of Golan Heights. The sampling took place in October 2021, February 2022, and June 2022, which represent the beginning, middle, and end of the rainy season. Each sample was pooled from 2 locations and taken by a trowel from A-horizon at 0-10 cm depth. At each campaign, the soil was sampled at 4 heights along the north and south slopes, under tree canopy, and in open grassland. The incubations were conducted on fresh sieved soil (2mm), wetted with distilled water to different levels. To explore the effect of anaerobic microsites on ARQ we incubated artificial clods (1 cm diameter) with wetted soil from Mt. Baron (The local set). To further test the effects of O2 limitation we conducted an experiment in which we mitigated this limitation by enriching in oxygen the atmosphere of the incubation headspace. All the incubations were carried out at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
An Entropic Estimator for Linear Inverse Problems
No full textIn this paper we examine an Information-Theoretic method for solving noisy linear inverse estimation<em> </em>problems which encompasses under a single framework a whole class of estimation methods. Under this framework, the prior information about the unknown parameters (when such information exists), and constraints on the parameters can be incorporated in the statement of the problem. The method builds on the basics of the maximum entropy principle and consists of transforming the original problem into an estimation of a probability density on an appropriate space naturally associated with the statement of the problem. This estimation method is generic in the sense that it provides a framework for analyzing non-normal models, it is easy to implement and is suitable for all types of inverse problems such as small and or ill-conditioned, noisy data. First order approximation, large sample properties and convergence in distribution are developed as well. Analytical examples, statistics for model comparisons and evaluations, that are inherent to this method, are discussed and complemented with explicit examples
Golan Haji, L'autunno, qui, è magico e immenso (raccolta poetica siriana)
No full textItalian translation of a poetry collection by Kurdish-Syrian poet Golan Haji. The author composed these prose poems in different moments of his literary career: some before the peaceful uprising that started in Syria on March 15, 2011, and was soon defaced by a fierce civil war; and the other ones between 2012 and 2013. The Italian translation is side by side the original Arabic texts
Pool [I. Weisman]
No full textTitre : Pool Tous droits réservés Réalisateur : Ido Weisman Scénariste : Ido Weisman Année : 2018 Durée : 12' Pays : Israël Langue : hébreu Genre : fiction Couleur/Noir et blanc : Couleur Distribution/casting : Ilan Hazan, Yoav Keren, Adam Glants, Guy Golan, Roy Gueta, Noam Jablonowsky Synopsis : Une chaude matinée de printemps dans la piscine publique du kibboutz. Aryeh (60 ans) ne sait pas nager, il est donc conduit dans le grand bain par le moniteur de natation qui, selon lui, est cel..
Legal Aspects of International Security in the Near East with Focus on the Golan Heights
No full textTato práce se zabývá právními aspekty mezinárodní bezpečnosti na Blízkém východě a zaměřuje se na Golanské výšiny. Cílem práce je posouzení míry vlivu mezinárodních organizací na dosažení mezinárodní bezpečnosti na Blízkém východě. Autor vychází z analýzy dostupných textů v českém jazyce i z cizojazyčné literatury. Práce sestává ze čtyř kapitol, z nichž první se zabývá otázkou mezinárodní bezpečnosti na Blízkém východě. Druhá kapitola se soustřeďuje na problematiku spojenou s Golanskými výšinami v souvislosti s bezpečnostní situací zejména po roce 1967. Třetí kapitola pojednává o roli mezinárodních organizací při zajišťování míru a bezpečnosti na Blízkém východě. Poslední kapitola sleduje mírový proces na Blízkém východě a nastiňuje perspektivy řešení blízkovýchodního konfliktu.Katedra mezinárodního právaObhájenoThe thesis looks into the issue of legal aspects of international security in the Near East with focus on the Golan Heights. The aim of the thesis is to shed light on the success/ failure of international organizations in securing and maintaining peace and international security in the Near East.The author analyses both Czech and foreign texts dealing with the topic. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter examines the issue of international security in the Near East. The second chapter focuses on the situation in the Golan Heights mainly after 1967. The third chapter looks at the role played by international organizations in maintaining peace and security in the Near East. The last chapter presents the main events of the peace process in the Near East and outlines the prospects of the resolution of the Near Eastern conflict
Israeli Education Policies as a Tool for the Ethnic Manipulation of the Arab Druze: Israel and the Occupied Syrian Golan
No full textThis thesis investigates decisions and processes of ethnic manipulation within the educationsystem in Israel using archival documents, textbooks, and interviews to guide its arguments. The paper studies taught in Druze schools in Israel and the Occupied Syrian Golan OSG, documents interviews of Druze teachers and activists, and compares Israel's educational policies with international laws. Next, it examines the particular conditions of the Syrians in the Golan as an occupied people in the proximity of the Syrian civil war. The author argues that the state of Israel employs tactics of minoritization and ethnic manipulation against its Arab Druze communities in the OSG and Israel proper in order to maintain its ethnocratic regime. Institutionalized efforts of manipulation include the separation of Druze from the Arab school system, the construction of separate Druze holidays, and mandatory conscription to the Israeli army. Through these tactics, Israel has misappropriated Druze agency, undermined their identity, and manipulated their ethnic heritage. Within the education system, Israel's policies have created a Druze community that is uninformed about its history, disconnected from its culture, and confused about its identity. While Syrians in the Golan do not serve in the Israeli army, the effects of identity suppression have been magnified in the region due to the Syrian civil war and the consequent closure of their (limited) access to Syria. International law requires Israel, as a signatory to several covenants and partner in multiple treaties, to provide an education that preserves and promotes the culture and history of ethnic minorities—especially peoples in occupied territories. This includes an accurate representation of the borders of the State, inclusion of notable Arab Druze historical figures, and an education about their Arab culture and heritage. Finally, this thesis argues that while several international covenants and treaties are relevant to the acceptable cultural and historical representation for minorities and indigenous groups, the need to specify what that means remains. Adding General Comments and having the Special Rapporteur on Education visit Israel, combined with increased pressure from non-governmental organizations, would ultimately increase the state's accountability for and adherence to those conventions
Information and entropy econometrics: A review and synthesis
No full textThe overall objectives of this review and synthesis are to study the
basics of information-theoretic methods in econometrics, to examine
the connecting theme among these methods, and to provide a
more detailed summary and synthesis of the sub-class of methods
that treat the observed sample moments as stochastic. Within the
above objectives, this review focuses on studying the inter-connection
between information theory, estimation, and inference. To achieve
these objectives, it provides a detailed survey of information-theoretic
concepts and quantities used within econometrics. It also illustrates the use of these concepts and quantities within the subfield of
information and entropy econometrics while paying special attention
to the interpretation of these quantities. The relationships between
information-theoretic estimators and traditional estimators are discussed
throughout the survey. This synthesis shows that in many cases
information-theoretic concepts can be incorporated within the traditional
likelihood approach and provide additional insights into the data
processing and the resulting inference
Gonadotropins in the Russian Sturgeon: Their Role in Steroid Secretion and the Effect of Hormonal Treatment on Their Secretion.
No full textIn the reproduction process of male and female fish, pituitary derived gonadotropins (GTHs) play a key role. To be able to specifically investigate certain functions of Luteinizing (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii; st), we produced recombinant variants of the hormones using the yeast Pichia pastoris as a protein production system. We accomplished to create in vitro biologically active heterodimeric glycoproteins consisting of two associated α- and β-subunits in sufficient quantities. Three dimensional modelling of both GTHs was conducted in order to study the differences between the two GTHs. Antibodies were produced against the unique β-subunit of each of the GTHs, in order to be used for immunohistochemical analysis and to develop an ELISA for blood and pituitary hormone quantification. This detection technique revealed the specific localization of the LH and FSH cells in the sturgeon pituitary and pointed out that both cell types are present in substantially higher numbers in mature males and females, compared to immature fish. With the newly attained option to prevent cross-contamination when investigating on the effects of GTH administration, we compared the steroidogeneic response (estradiol and 11-Keto testosterone (11-KT) in female and males, respectively) of recombinant stLH, stFSH, and carp pituitary extract in male and female sturgeon gonads at different developmental stages. Finally, we injected commercially available gonadotropin releasing hormones analog (GnRH) to mature females, and found a moderate effect on the development of ovarian follicles. Application of only testosterone (T) resulted in a significant increase in circulating levels of 11-KT whereas the combination of GnRH + T did not affect steroid levels at all. The response pattern for estradiol demonstrated a similar situation. FSH levels showed significant increases when GnRH + T was administered, while no changes were present in LH levels
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