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Urban Gardens in Nineteenth-Century Tornio, Finland
Full text linkAbstract
This paper discusses gardens and the use of plants in the early modern town of Tornio studied through macro fossil analyses and fire insurance records; it asks whether wealth or, on the other hand, the status of townspeople can be connected to having a garden. The urban gardens of the north are excellent miniatures of society, as they are in other parts of the world. Through the burghers of Tornio and the influence of tourists – both scientists and nobles – town gardens and their plants reached both the wealthy and the poor. Tornio is located on the northern coastal area of the Bothnian Gulf yet the use of processed garden plants was a relatively uncommon phenomenon in the early modern Ostrobothnian northern coastal area. This was due to a strong tradition of using local wild plants. New trends in garden culture reached Tornio but were adapted to local circumstances. Species imported from Europe were grown in the gardens of wealthy merchants. The way people used plants in early modern Tornio is thus connected to modernization in the Kingdom of Sweden, to economic policies related to Enlightenment ideas, and to the development of a system of apothecaries and district physicians.Abstract
This paper discusses gardens and the use of plants in the early modern town of Tornio studied through macro fossil analyses and fire insurance records; it asks whether wealth or, on the other hand, the status of townspeople can be connected to having a garden. The urban gardens of the north are excellent miniatures of society, as they are in other parts of the world. Through the burghers of Tornio and the influence of tourists – both scientists and nobles – town gardens and their plants reached both the wealthy and the poor. Tornio is located on the northern coastal area of the Bothnian Gulf yet the use of processed garden plants was a relatively uncommon phenomenon in the early modern Ostrobothnian northern coastal area. This was due to a strong tradition of using local wild plants. New trends in garden culture reached Tornio but were adapted to local circumstances. Species imported from Europe were grown in the gardens of wealthy merchants. The way people used plants in early modern Tornio is thus connected to modernization in the Kingdom of Sweden, to economic policies related to Enlightenment ideas, and to the development of a system of apothecaries and district physicians
Juoruja ja hätähuutoja kaupunkien kaduilta : teos katujen arkipäivän elämästä varhaismodernin kauden Euroopassa
Full text linkCultural history of early modern European streets / Riitta Laitinen & Thomas V. Cohen (toim.). Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2009
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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