278 research outputs found
An optimized protocol for high precision measurement of Hg isotopic compositions in samples with low concentrations of Hg using MC-ICP-MS
No full text202105 bchyAccepted ManuscriptRGCOthersThis work was supported by the University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis (UCEA), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Runsheng Yin was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Hundred Talent Plan. The rock reference materials were generously provided by Prof. Yuan Honglin (Northwest University, Xi'an, China). This work was financially supported by the Research Grants Council (PolyU 152095/14E), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41602047 and 91543205).PublishedGreen (AAM
Zhao Boyan ji /
No full textVols. 1-14 issued ca. 1922, v. 15 ca. 1924.Cover title.Qian yin xian zhuang.Fu : Ting xun lu 1 juan, Zhao Runsheng zhuan, Zhao Binglin bian.Mode of access: Internet
Improving penetration of copper in micronized copper azole pressure treated Michigan red pine
No full textABSTRACTIMPROVING PENETRATION OF COPPER IN MICRONIZED COPPER AZOLE PRESSURE TREATED MICHIGAN RED PINEBy John RademacherMichigan red pine Pinus resinosa is a critical part of the Great Lakes region lumber industry. The species is used for various applications such as telephone poles, dimensional lumber, decking and various other uses. This species is native to the Great Lakes meaning lower shipping costs and the creation of local jobs. The goal of this study overall was to improve the penetration of MCA pressure treated red pine. Using duration, steaming and penetration enhancers we were able to increase the penetration to allow some samples to pass the AWPA penetration standard. We found that the average solution uptake of the treated samples was 47% for spring samples, 106% for summer samples and 79% for fall and winter samples. Steaming alone created better penetration than non-steamed samples but with the addition of penetration enhancers we were able to boost the penetration to levels we had not observed with other treatments as indicated above. Penetration enhancers alone greatly increased the penetration but the steaming would allow for a higher moisture content, which in turn swelled the wood allowing PE to aid greater penetration. Anatomically, red pine has issues with high resin content and pit aspiration, which was observed but a conclusion has was not reached as to what causes the pit aspiration or why aspiration is sporadic in red pine samples regardless of drying or treatingThesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Forestry, 2011Includes bibliographical reference
Farmer livelihoods strategies and the impact of agroforestry practices on parkland systems in Kedougou Senegal
No full text"Farmers throughout West Africa have always faced adverse conditions and high vulnerability with regards to management of their agroecological systems, but climate change poses a new challenge to the sustainability of farming systems. Through field research conducted in the department of Kedougou in southwestern Senegal, I identified and analyzed livelihood strategies, and investigated the effects of climate change on farmer's management of their agroecological systems. Using the rural livelihood framework, I used focus group discussions to assess farmers' management approaches when facing climate related disturbances to agroecological systems. With the survey results, I used a regression model to analyze whether or not agroforestry has impacted farmer livelihood with regards to the valuation of on-farm activities through crop yields and livestock holdings. The lack of statistical significance from the regression model might point towards a lack of impact from agroforestry practices; however, the multiple co-benefits of agroforestry cannot be overlooked to reducing vulnerability. This study shows that West African farmers generally use approaches that enhance the resiliency of their agroecological systems to sustain their livelihoods when facing adverse environmental challenges, but that agroforestry has not shown to impact livelihoods in terms of production."--Page ii.(M.S.)--Michigan State University. Forestry, 2017Includes bibliographical reference
Effects of conservation policies on forest cover change in panda habitat regions, China
No full textTo restore forests and protect remaining natural forests, in 1998 the Chinese government initiated two nationwide conservation policies, the Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) and the Grain-To-Green Program (GTGP). This study evaluated the effects of conservation policies and other potential driving forces on forest-cover change in 108 townships located in the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary (both known giant panda habitat regions) between 2001 and 2008. Forest-cover change was evaluated using land-cover products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Most townships in both regions showed either stable or increased forest cover. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was applied to identify potential driving forces of this forest-cover change. The model suggests that conservation policies had significantly positive effects on forest cover, while population density, percentage of agricultural population, road density, and initial forest cover (i.e., in 2001) had significantly negative effects. This study helps to clarify not only the patterns of forest-cover change after conservation policy implementation, but also to identify the impacts of potential driving forces of forest-cover change, at township level. This information could be, in turn, useful in the development of future giant panda habitat restoration projects.Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 2010Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-58
China's forests: global lessons from market reforms
No full textThis book examines the experience of China's forestry sector with respect to the full set of forest and nonforest policy reforrms introduced since 1978. The lessons of this book are important for China, and for the rest of the world as well. For China the analyses in each chapter provides rigorous evidence on those policies that have worked and on how well the have worked. The book consists of 10 chapters: 1. Hyde, W.F., Jintao Xu, Belcher, B. Introduction and Appendix table: policy reform in China's forestry; 2. Liu Dachang, Edmund, D. Devolution as a means of expanding local forest management in South China: lessons from the past 20 years; 3. Jinlong Liu, Landell-Mills, N. Taxes and fees in the Southern collective forest region; 4. Runsheng Yin. Central characteristics of reform: measures of the effects of improved property rights, a stable policy environment, and environmental protection; 5. Daowei Zhang. Policy reform and investment in forestry; 6. Rozelle, S., Jikun Huang, Benziger, V. Forest exploitation and protection in reform China: assessing the impacts of policy and economic growth; 7. Yaoqi Zhang, Uusivuori, J., Kuuluvainen, J., Kant, S. Deforestation and reforestation in Hainan: roles of markets and institution; 8. Ruiz-Perez, M., Belcher, B., Maoyi Fu, Xiaosheng Yang. Forestry, poverty, and rural development: perspectives from the bamboo sector; 9. Sayer, J.A., Changjin Sun. Impacts of policy reforms on forest environments and biodiversity; 10. Hyde, W.F., Jintao Xu, Belcher, B., Runsheng Yin, Jinlong Liu. Conclusions and policy implications
Geochemical determination of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d interval from the Youxia section in Tingri, southern Tibet
No full textIn order to study the relationship between the Large Igneous Province volcanism with OAE 1d. We used the mercury geochemical analyses, including element content, isotope values, and other related element and organic matter content data to study the mid-Cretaceous, especially Albian-Cenomanian, sediments in southern Tibet, which was located at the northern margin of the Indian plate at ~100 Ma. We herein provided all these geochemical data and some analytical methods
Effects of DEM resolution and watershed subdivision on hydrological simulation
No full text以黄土丘陵沟壑区杏子河流域为研究区,采用数字滤波法分割了杏子河招安水文站1958—1974年的基流量,评价了SWAT模型在该流域水文模拟的适用性,并分析了DEM栅格分辨率和子流域划分对SWAT水文模拟的影响。结果表明,SWAT模型适用于该流域年河川径流、地表径流、基流及产沙量的模拟。当DEM栅格分辨率在20—150 m之间时,SWAT能有效地模拟年河川径流、地表径流、基流及产沙量,各水文要素模拟结果的R2和NSE分别在0.93和0.51以上,RSR在0.43以下;而当栅格分辨率大于150 m时,各水文要素的模拟效果存在差异。子流域划分对流域产流模拟影响较小,而对产沙模拟影响较大。当子流域提取阈值在12—100 km2之间时,不同的子流域划分对产沙量几乎没有影响,若超出该阈值范围,模型会低估产沙量。因此,可针对不同的水文要素选择合适的DEM和子流域提取阈值,以提高模拟精度和运行效率。</span
THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE WOOD HARVESTING IN MALAWI\u2019S MIOMBO WOODLANDS : ESTIMATING TREE GROWTH, BIOMASS PRODUCTION, AND DEGRADATION
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Forestry - Doctor of Philosophy, 2024Tropical forests, including the Miombo woodlands in Malawi, are important in addressing climate change and mitigation through biomass and carbon storage. The primary objectives were to study tree growth and biomass accumulation through dendrochronology and to understand how degradation affects biomass availability for wood energy in Malawi. Dendrochronology was used to observe growth increments and estimate biomass accumulation in the Liwonde Forest Reserve in Malawi. The growth rates of the destructively sampled and analyzed species were particularly low in the range of 1.85mm to 2.97mm per year. The disc increment percentage diameter growth values for size classes ranged from as high as 17% annual growth experienced in the 5cm-9.99cm diameter size class to 3% growth experienced in the above 25cm diameter size class.Most countries in Africa lack quantitative data on forest degradation rates, and this study demonstrates how a remote sensing fractional cover tool that maps across a broad landscape of forests and trees outside of forests can be used to do this quantitative analysis. The study presents a new detailed forest map for Malawi, with spatial and quantitative measurements of both forest degradation and deforestation. The study estimated the maximum biomass stock in the Liwonde forest reserve through forest inventory data and growth increments obtained from the dendrochronology analysis. The average above-ground carbon accumulation estimated in this Miombo forest inventory was 33.77 t C ha per year and increased to 37.3 t C ha over a one-year period. After forecasting wood provision from the forest reserve and comparing it to the current supply from the forestry inventory, the findings indicate that the reserve cannot meet the district's demand. Currently, 38% of its 26,472.8 hectares are deforested and degraded. The findings call for stringent management proscriptions for the reserve to be sustainably utilized to meet the community\u2019s wood energy needs.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
Evaluating the socioeconomic impacts of China's sloping land conversion program
No full textChina's Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) aims to restore degraded marginal cropland, often on slopes, to forest and grass covers to control water runoff and soil erosion and improve the ecological conditions. Additionally, the program seeks to reduce poverty, close income gaps between rural and urban households, and promote a more sustainable transition of the rural economy.This dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the SLCP's socioeconomic impacts on rural households in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi. The specific research objectives are to assess the overall impact of the program on household income and its variation over time and at different earning levels, and to evaluate its impact on household labor allocation and structure change.Utilizing a panel dataset compiled by China's National Research Center of Forest Economics and Development, this dissertation employs some cutting-edge methods, including difference-indifferences (DID), propensity score matching (PSM), and quantile regression, to identify and estimate the program impacts. Coupled with econometric methods used, the dataset, which includes information on 1,620 households in Sichuan and Shaanxi during 1998-2014, enables a more thorough analysis of the SLCP's socioeconomic impacts over the sub-periods of 1998-2008 and 2009-2014, as well as the whole period.The study reveals that the SLCP had positive effects on households' total and land-based income in both provinces, with stronger impacts in Shaanxi. In Sichuan, the program influenced off-farm income and off-farm labor time negatively during 1998-2008 but positively impacted total labor time, land-based labor time, and off-farm labor time during 2009-2014. In Shaanxi, the SLCP's effect on off-farm income was positive, whereas its impact on households' total and land-based labor time was negative. When accounting for SLCP subsidies received in past years, the impacts on households' total and land-based income became more significant in both provinces. The effects on households' land production income in Shaanxi were positively influenced by subsidies received in the previous year. As households' participation time increased, the impact on their total and land-based income also increased in both provinces.The analysis across income quantiles further demonstrates that the SLCP subsidy had a significantly positive impact on households' total and land-based income in both provinces, with more substantial effects in Shaanxi. The program's influence on labor allocation and transfer varied across income groups and over different sub-periods. In Sichuan, the SLCP negatively impacted off-farm income for the lowest income groups during 1998-2008 and off-farm labor time for medium-high and high-income groups during 2009-2014. In Shaanxi, the SLCP negatively affected land-based labor time for low-income households and off-farm labor time for medium-high income households during 1998-2008. Moreover, the SLCP's impact on households' total and land-based income was more pronounced for households below the poverty lines, with stronger effects in Shaanxi. The program's influence on off-farm income was positive for households below the global poverty line in Shaanxi during 1998-2014, while a positive effect was observed for households above the national poverty line during 2009-2014.This comprehensive analysis has generated valuable insights to the understanding of the SLCP's socioeconomic impacts on rural households in China. By considering different income groups, poverty lines, and time periods, the study provides evidence-based policy recommendations for the design and implementation of more effective and sustainable ecological restoration programs.Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Forestry, 2023Includes bibliographical reference
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