376 research outputs found
Chemo-Rheological Characterization of Aging Behaviors of Warm-Mix High-Viscosity Modified Asphalt
No full textToday, high-viscosity modified asphalt (HVMA) is widely used in drainage asphalt pavements. However, due to its high construction temperature, HVMA is prone to thermal oxidative aging, which reduces its life cycle and increases the maintenance costs of asphalt pavements. In this study, the effects of warm-mix additives on the physical, rheological and chemical properties of HVMA were studied to determine optimum warm-mix conditions. First, the effects of warm-mix technologies (foam warm mix, Sasobit, Evotherm, and GLWBR at 3%, 3%, 0.8%, and 0.8%, respectively) on the physical and rheological properties of HVMAwere studied. Then, two aging methods [thin film oven test (TFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV)] were applied to simulate the short-term and long-term thermal oxidation processes of HVMA and evaluate the influences of different warm-mix technologies on HVMA aging. The results showed that the four warm-mix technologies, especially foam warm mix and Sasobit, reduced the construction temperature of HVMA. In addition, warm-mix technologies also improved the high-temperature rheological properties of HVMA; however, they had adverse effects on the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt. Based on asphalt aging index fluctuations, it was evident that warm-mix technology was not conducive to the antiaging performance of HVMA, and foam warm mix had the weakest influence on the antiaging performance of high-viscosity asphalts. Furthermore, according to the results of an analysis of the carbonyl changes in aging asphalts, asphalt aging index can be applied to predicting the degree of aging of warm-mix HVMA.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pavement Engineerin
A design of endoscopic imaging system for hyper long pipeline based on wheeled pipe robot
No full textScirpophaga incertulas Walker 1863
No full text18. Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker, 1863) Figs. 29, 30 Chilo incertulas Walker, 1863, List specimens lepid. ins. colln Br. Mus. 27: 143. Catagela?admotella Walker, 1863, List specimens lepid. ins. colln Br. Mus. 27: 192. Schoenobius minutellus Zeller, 1863, Chilonidarum Crambidarum genera species: 5. Tipanaea bipunctifera Walker, 1863, List specimens lepid. ins. colln Br. Mus. 28: 523. Chilo gratiosellus Walker, 1864, List specimens lepid. ins. colln Br. Mus. 30: 967. Schoenobius bipunctifer ab. quadripunctellifera Strand, 1918, Stettin. ent. Ztg. 79: 263. Material examined Dongyang, Zhejiang, 29.2 °N 120.2 °E, 1 Ψ, IV. 1958 (S 81); Wangting, Jiangsu, 31.4 °N 120.4 °E, 2 ♂, 19.VIII. 1958, Jin Cuixia (S 450, S 451); Suzhou, Jiangsu, 31.3 °N 120.6 °E, 2 ♂, 23.VII. 1976 (S 455, S 456); Yiyang, Jiangxi, 28.4 °N 117.4 °E, 1 ♂, 1 Ψ, V. 1958 (S 71, S 132); Dayu, Jiangxi, 25.3 °N 114.3 °E, 1 ♂, 13.VIII. 1985 (S 480); Anren, Hunan, 26.7 °N 113.2 °E, 2 ♂, 7.IX. 1958, Yin Huifen (S 505, S 513); Shennongjia, Hubei, 31.7 °N 110.6 °E, 960m, 1 Ψ, 17.VIII. 1981, Han Yinheng (S 204); Gaoyou, Hubei, 32.7 °N 119.4 °E, 1 Ψ, VIII. 1957 (S 230); Emeishan, Sichuan, 29.5 °N 103.3 °E, 800–1000m, 2 ♂, 29.IV. 1957, Huang Keren (S 80, S 99); Guangzhou, Guangdong, 23.1 °N 113.2 °E, 50m, 2 ♂, 19.VII. 1958, Zhang Baolin (S 462, S 506), 1 ♂, 1 Ψ, 16.VIII. 1958, Wang Linyao (S 464, S 547); Longrui, Guangxi, 22.1 °N 107.0 °E, 1 ♂, 24.V. 1984, Song Shimei (S 562); Daxin, Guangxi, 22.8 °N 107.1 °E, 680m, 1 ♂, 31.III. 1998, Qiao Gexia (S 473); Fangcheng, Guangxi, 21.7 °N 108.3 °E, 200–300m, 1 ♂, 24.V. 1999, He Xin (S 470); Longqishan, Fujian, 26.5 °N 117.2 °E, 1 Ψ, 6.VIII. 1991, Song Shimei (S 482); Menga, Yunnan, 22.1 °N 99.2 °E, 1050–1080m, 1 ♂, 1 Ψ, 14.VIII. 1958, Wang Shuyong (S 79, S 498); Mengyang, Yunnan, 22.0 °N 100.8 °E, 850m, 3 ♂, 3 Ψ, 31.III. 1957, Pu Fuji (S 93, S 113, S 114, S 182, S 183, S 184); Mengla, Yunnan, 21.4 °N 101.5 °E, 620–650m, 1 ♂, 3.V. 1959, Zhang Facai (S 487); Bubang, Yunnan, 22.0 °N 100.8 °E, 700m, 1 ♂, 14.IX. 1993, Cheng Xinyue (S 486); Kunming, Yunnan, 25.0 °N 102.7 °E, 3 ♂, 17.VII. 1982, Song Shimei (S 499, S 500, S 501); Shilin, Yunnan, 25.0 °N 102.7 °E, 2 ♂, 12.VII. 1982, Song Shimei (S 495, S 514); Baoting, Hainan, 18.6 °N 109.7 °E, 80m, 1 Ψ, 25.VII. 1960, Li Changqing (S 529); Xinglong, Hainan, 18.7 °N 110.1 °E, 1 Ψ, 28.V. 1963, Zhang Baolin (S 466). Distribution China: Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, HongKong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan; Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Vietnam, Thailand, West Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sumba, Sulawesi, Philippines, Japan.Published as part of Chen, Fuqiang, Song, Shimei & Wu, Chunsheng, 2006, A review of the genus Scirpophaga Treitschke, 1832 in China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 1236 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17279
The Non-Specific Lethal (NSL) Histone Acetyltransferase Complex Transcriptionally Regulates Yin Yang 1-Mediated Cell Proliferation in Human Cells
No full textThe human males absent on the first (MOF)-containing non-specific lethal (NSL) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex acetylates histone H4 at lysine K5, K8, and K16. This complex shares several subunits with other epigenetic regulatory enzymes, which highlights the complexity of its intracellular function. However, the effect of the NSL HAT complex on the genome and target genes in human cells is still unclear. By using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NSL3-knockout 293T cell line and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) approaches, we identified more than 100 genes as NSL HAT transcriptional targets, including several transcription factors, such as Yin Yang 1 (YY1) which are mainly involved in cell proliferation, biological adhesion, and metabolic processes. We found here that the ChIP-Seq peaks of MOF and NSL3 co-localized with H4K16ac, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3 at the transcriptional start site of YY1. In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of YY1 were regulated by silencing or overexpressing NSL HAT. Interestingly, the expression levels of cell division cycle 6, a downstream target gene of YY1, were regulated by MOF or NSL3. In addition, the suppressed clonogenic ability of HepG2 cells caused by siNSL3 was reversed by overexpressing YY1, suggesting the involvement of YY1 in NSL HAT functioning. Additionally, de novo motif analysis of MOF and NSL3 targets indicated that the NSL HAT complex may recognize the specific DNA-binding sites in the promoter region of target genes in order to regulate their transcription
Rheological Properties of High-Viscosity Modified Asphalt Containing Warm-Mix Additives
No full textHigh-viscosity modified asphalt (HVMA) is the most commonly applied method in drainage asphalt pavements. However, some disadvantages of hot-mix HVMA, including high energy consumption and unavoidable environmental pollution, should be improved. Therefore, warm-mix additive (WMA) was introduced. In this paper, the effects of WMA on the rheological and microstructural properties of HVMA were studied to select optimum WMA conditions. WMAs mainly include foam warm mix (1%, 3%, and 5%), Sasobit (1%, 3%, and 5%), Evotherm (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%), and the newly introduced warm additive glow brand (GLWBR) (0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%). Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were performed on HVMA after rheological processes. Also, microstructural properties were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. Based on the obtained results, all WMAs reduced the viscosity (135°C) of HVMA and achieved warm mixing effects. However, absolute viscosity (60°C) was enhanced by Sasobit and GLWBR. In addition, GLWBR improved high-temperature rheological performance and had no significant effect on the low-temperature and aging performance of HVMA. These findings were further verified by morphological observations.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pavement Engineerin
The intrinsically red luminescence of tungsten bronze compound EuK2Nb5O15 for light emitting diodes
No full textThe tungsten bronze compound EuK2Nb5O15 was successfully synthesized and the intrinsically red luminescence was obtained. The broad charge transfer band in EuK2Nb5O15 demonstrates the well match with the LED chips. The decay curve was measured and the decay time was determined to be 1.10 mu s. The emission intensity, compared with common red phosphors, proved the potential application in the field of solid state lighting. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000310423700034&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Materials Science, MultidisciplinaryPhysics, AppliedSCI(E)EI2ARTICLE119-1218
Scaling up hepatitis B vaccination with the support of GAVI in China : lessons learned for introduction of new vaccines and for the future of hepatitis B control
Get PDFBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of illness and death in China. In 1992, 60% of the population had a history of HBV infection and 9.8% were chronically infected with HBV. Each year, an estimated 263,000 persons died from HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma or cirrhosis, accounting for 37%-50% of HBV-related deaths worldwide before 1992. In 1992, the Ministry of Health introduced hepatitis B vaccine into the management system of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) as a cost-effective way to prevent HBV infection. The schedule included a timely birth dose (within 24 hours of birth, to prevent perinatal infections that are most strongly associated with long term chronic infections and adverse outcomes) and subsequent doses at one month and six months. However, this introduction into the EPI management system only meant that the Government took responsibility over administration and coverage monitoring, but not funding support: The cost of vaccination was covered out of pocket. As a result, coverage was lower in rural areas, in Western provinces (low economic status) and among females. In 2002, the Ministry of Health fully integrated free hepatitis B vaccine into EPI with funding from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). The GAVI China project financially supported vaccine and auto-disable syringes in Western provinces and poverty-affected counties of Central provinces (Chapter 1). As the GAVI China project was completed in 2010, we compiled all evaluation work conducted to understand how input and process lead to output and outcomes that impacted the heavy HBV associated burden in China.
Methods: We compiled data from GAVI China project areas between 2002 and 2009, reviewed cross-sectional studies conducted in 2004 and 2006 and conducted a final evaluation survey in 2010. These investigations covered input (funds invested into the project for vaccine and AD syringes), process (integration of the vaccine in EPI, increase in institutional births, introduction of auto-disable syringes for vaccination and training), output (immunization coverage for third dose and timely birth dose, use of auto-disable syringes for immunization), outcome (immunity in the population, safe injection practices) and impact (prevalence of HBV surface antigen among children included in the vaccination cohort).
Results: With respect to hepatitis B immunization, input included 27 million USD provided by the GAVI China project to funds hepatitis B vaccine between 2002 and 2007. These funds came from the international GAVI Alliance (50%) and the Government of China (50%). In addition, the Chinese government provided an additional 21.5 million USD in government co-funding of subsidies from central to provincial to health care workers in provinces between 2007 and 2009 so that the vaccine could be administered without user fees. The health system efficiently processed these resources. First, in GAVI-supported areas, the increase in the HepB3/DPT3 ratio (increased from 57% in 2002 to 94% in 2009), indicated indicating that EPI absorbed well the new vaccine. Second, institutionalized deliveries increased to reach 96% nationwide in 2009, indicating that maternal and child health services created conditions to maximize coverage of the timely birth dose. As a result, from 2002 to 2009, the national three-dose hepatitis B vaccine coverage progressed from 71% to 93% (Chapter 5) and the timely birth dose coverage progressed from 60% to 91% (Chapter 7) with a reduction of inequities between Eastern and Western areas. Both of these resulted in immunity among vaccinated cohorts (85% of anti-HBs among children 12 to 23 months of age in the national 2006 serological survey) (Chapter 2). One key factor strongly associated with being HBsAg negative is receiving timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine as early as possible (Chapter 4).
With respect to injection safety, input included 14 million USD of GAVI funds to supply auto-disable syringes, safety boxes and needle cutters. In 2009, auto-disable syringes and safety boxes were used in 78% and 79% facilities in GAVI supported areas of the Western areas, respectively (Chapter 6). In terms of output, sterilizable injection devices disappeared and attempts to re-use disposable injection equipment became rare (0% in the 2010 final evaluation). However, no data regarding the incidence of injection-associated infections were available to evaluate the outcome of the progress in injection safety.
With respect to social mobilization and training, 10 million USD were assigned to training between 2002 and 2009. Most of those were not directly funded by GAVI China. These funds were provided by the Government because of the leverage effect of the GAVI China project. These were used in 28,753 training workshops for health care workers that resulted in better knowledge among health care workers (In 2010, 98% of them knew that hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from mother to child) and guardians (In 2010, 89% of them knew that the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine had to be given in the first 24 hours of life). This higher level of knowledge also contributed to higher immunization coverage and safer injections.
Ultimately, the elements of the GAVI China project combined at the impact level to prevent HBV infections. The 2006 national serological survey documented these achievements and pointed to 1% prevalence of HBsAg among children under five years of age, a decrease of 90% from the 9.8% prevalence in the same age group in 1992 (Chapter 3). These infections prevented will lead to the future prevention of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Those should result in early deaths prevented and benefits in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). However, in 2010, it was too early to measure these longer term effects and the final impact of the project on HBsAg prevalence had not yet been quantified.
Conclusion: The introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into the national immunization programme was successful and the strategies and policy used for the GAVI China project provided a successful case study for the introduction of other new vaccines in China. The determinants of the success of the GAVI China included (1) a well documented disease burden, (2) a good collaboration between the government of China and the international GAVI Alliance that resulted in a strong national GAVI China project, (3) local production of vaccine and AD syringes, (4) solid processes for implementation and (5) leverage of additional support through national and provincial levels co-funding. Remaining challenges include (1) the persistence of an estimated 80,000 perinatal HBV infections each year in China, (2) the lack of homogeneous regulations to harmonize injection practices, (3) the absence of a scaled implementation for the national policy that recommends vaccination of health care workers, (4) the weak specificity and sensitivity of acute hepatitis B surveillance and (5) the absence of policy and plans for the management of chronic hepatitis B infection. We recommended that China (1) maintain universal hepatitis B infant vaccination, with a high priority to reach all infants, especially for those living in remote, mountain areas (2) make additional efforts to strengthen the health system and further improve hospital delivery rates to increase timely birth dose coverage and decrease perinatal HBV transmission, (3) develop clear surveillance guidelines to monitor acute hepatitis B rates (4) immunize health care workers, with an emphasis on pre-service delivery (5) collect manage sharps waste in a way that is safe for the health care workers, the community and the environment, and (6) screen pregnant women to administer adapted immuno-prophylaxis (including hepatitis B immune globulin, HBIG) for children born to those HBsAg positive. These should prepare the country for the next phase of a policy for the prevention and control of hepatitis B, which should ultimately include screening and treatment of patients with chronic infections, particularly those of older age cohorts who were born before the era of universal immunizatio
Risk Analysis of Laboratory Fire Accidents in Chinese Universities by Combining Association Rule Learning and Fuzzy Bayesian Networks
No full textTargeting the challenges in the risk analysis of laboratory fire accidents, particularly considering fire accidents in Chinese universities, an integrated approach is proposed with the combination of association rule learning, a Bayesian network (BN), and fuzzy set theory in this study. The proposed approach has the main advantages of deriving conditional probabilities of BN nodes based on historical accident data and association rules (ARs) and making good use of expert elicitation by using an augmented fuzzy set method. In the proposed approach, prior probabilities of the cause nodes are determined based on expert elicitation with the help of an augmented fuzzy set method. The augmented fuzzy set method enables the effective aggregation of expert opinions and helps to reduce subjective bias in expert elicitations. Additionally, an AR algorithm is applied to determine the probabilistic dependency between the BN nodes based on the historical accident data of Chinese universities and further derive conditional probability tables. Finally, the developed fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) model was employed to identify critical causal factors with respect to laboratory fire accidents in Chinese universities. The obtained results show that H4 (bad safety awareness), O1 (improper storage of hazardous chemicals), E1 (environment with hazardous materials), and M4 (inadequate safety checks) are the four most critical factors inducing laboratory fire accidents.Safety and Security Scienc
Occupational Health and Safety in China: A Systematic Analysis of Research Trends and Future Perspectives
No full textThe frequent occurrence of various occupational accidents has resulted in significant casualties and occupational disease issues, which hinder economic and social development seriously. The promotion and enhancement of occupational health and safety (OHS) require greater efforts to be made to achieve sustainable economic development, particularly in developing countries. With remarkable progress and achievements that have been made in terms of OHS in China, a systematic and thorough review is needed to gain insight into the development process, current status, and research trends regarding OHS in China. Additionally, pathways for future work need to be discussed to boost the OHS development in China in the new era. Therefore, a systematic literature review is performed in this study to investigate the development of OHS in China with the help of a bibliometric analysis. Firstly, a total of 5675 publications related to OHS in China between 1979 and 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) before being refined manually. Then, the temporal distribution and journal sources of the collected publications were analyzed before the collaboration networks of the “productive institutions” and “productive authors” were discussed. Furthermore, the key research topics (e.g., disease prevention, psychological safety, occupational exposure) and dominant research methods (e.g., epidemiological methods, risk modeling) associated with OHS during different periods were identified and discussed based on the keywords and bibliographic analysis. Finally, the current needs and promising pathways for future work were discussed. It is suggested that the prevention and control of conventional and new occupational diseases, the protection of workers’ occupational health rights and interests, the development and implementation of advanced technologies for OHS, and the development of more sophisticated and efficient health and safety risk assessment models may be focused on to accelerate the development of OHS in China. This study systematically reviews the development processes, current status, and future prospects regarding OHS in China. The results of this study provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners who are involved in the Chinese OHS development, and the promising pathways for future works are suggested to boost the OHS development in China.Safety and Security Scienc
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