129 research outputs found
Teaching Chinese language and culture to Australian students : Zhang Minmin's research story
No full textAs one of the supervisors of the second author, the first author of the paper reports Minmin's story of teaching Chinese language and culture to Australian students based on his interview with Minmin, and Minmin's Master of Education (Honours) thesis (Zhang, 2010). This paper is structured into three parts including the background of the story, experiencing difference in culture and education between China and Australia, and the summary of Minmin's research
Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Contamination by Nosocomial Pathogens in Intensive Care Units
No full textYi Ming Chu, Hong Zhang, Yeqiu Huang, Jia Li, Minmin Huang Department of Critical Care Medicine, Haimen District People’s Hospital, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Minmin Huang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Haimen District People’s Hospital, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Healthcare systems worldwide face a significant challenge from nosocomial infections. These infections are associated with increased rates of disease, mortality, and healthcare expenses. Common issues with traditional treatment approaches include antibiotic resistance and inadequate pathogen targeting. Utilizing nanoparticles for the targeted administration of antimicrobial medications to infection areas has proven to enhance treatment outcomes while maintaining biocompatibility. Traditional diagnostic methods still rely on microbiological culture and susceptibility testing, while molecular technologies are seeing increased usage for rapid diagnosis. This review mainly aims to draw attention to the present state of nosocomial infections by outlining their prevalence and the ways in which nanotechnology is used to treat these illnesses. This study provides a thorough examination of the nanotherapeutic methods that have recently developed, with an emphasis on the clinical implications of different types of nanoparticles for the purpose of reducing the prevalence of nosocomial infectious diseases.Keywords: intensive care units, nosocomial infections, nanomedicine, inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticle
Yi xiang dui Shanghai qing shao nian wang luo shi yong ji wang luo cheng yin de yan jiu: dui she hui gong zuo shi wu de qi shi
No full text青少年網絡成癮已成為一個值得關註的問題。以往研究顯示，青少年網絡成癮的比例在4%到14%之間。網絡成癮的主要癥狀包括：過度使用，退縮反應，耐受性和強迫性。網絡成癮對青少年的健康，學業和人際關系都有負面影響。以往對網絡成癮的研究已經發現了一些危險因素。但是以往研究存在兩方面不足。第一，多為簡單迴歸模型，較少中介模型， 較少探討危險因素之間可能的互動關係。第二，危險因素多為個人因素或網絡使用因素， 較少關注個人與環境的互動是如何提高網絡成癮風險。為了彌補以上知識鴻溝，本研究提出了一個新的解釋網絡成癮的理論模型。這個模型中既包括個人因素又包括環境因素。這個理論模型的核心假設是當青少年認為網絡是滿足需要或者處理壓力的唯一途徑時，他們有可能會花費大量時間上網，也因此引發了較高的網絡成癮的風險。本研究進一步假設社交焦慮和缺乏親密朋友是導致青少年在現實生活中無法滿足人際交往需要的原因。本研究還假設壓力和迴避式應對壓力傾向是青少年不能在現實生活中處理壓力而將網絡視作應對壓力唯一途徑的原因。本研究在中國上海進行。本研究是斷代式問卷研究。前測研究測量了量表的信效度，并根據結果對相關量表做進一步修正。正式研究通過非隨機抽樣方式邀請了892位年齡在12到18歲之間的中學生參加。結果顯示，52位（5.83%）參加者可被看作網絡成癮高危人群。高危人群更長時間上網，也具有更高的社交焦慮，更大的壓力和更強的迴避式應對壓力傾向。此外，中介模型的統計分析結果顯示，個人期待網絡使用是滿足需要和處理壓力的唯一途徑這一中介變量，解釋了部分社交焦慮，壓力和退縮型處理壓力傾向與網絡成癮症狀之間的關聯，該結果對本研究所假設的理論模型提供了初步的支持。文末討論了本研究的限制和進一步研究的方向，并根據研究結果提出了對社會工作實務（包括預防及干預青少年網絡成癮）的建議。Adolescents have been found to be a vulnerable group for Internet addiction. The reportedly prevalence of "Internet addicts" ranged from 4% to 14%. The major symptoms of Internet addiction are: excessive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and compulsive use. Negative consequences of Internet addiction include physical complaints, worsening performance in work or study, and relationship problems.Despite a number of risk factors identified, prior studies were limited in two aspects. First, previous studies assumed that risk factors operate in an additive manner with increasing numbers of risk factors leading to an increasing probability of becoming internet addicted. Not enough attention has been paid to relationships among the risk factors. Second, most risk factors were either personal attributes or internet use behaviors. This might lead to the biased assertion that either the person or the internet should be blamed for becoming addicted.This research tried to extend previous research by proposing and testing a theoretical model which argued that the some adolescents became attached to the internet as it provided an alternative way of needs satisfaction or stress coping; the needs satisfaction or stress coping was not possible in realistic life due to some personal or contextual risk factors. The theoretical model was constructed based on outcome expectancy theory (Bandura, 1977; Jones, Corbin & Fromme, 2001; Oei & Baldwin, 1994), substitute gratification theory (Peele, 1998), and stress coping theory (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Abrams & Niaura, 1987) as well as some findings of previous research.A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shanghai, China. A non-random sample 892 adolescents (aged 12 to 18) from six secondary schools were recruited. 52(5.83%) participants were included in the high-risk group of internet addiction. Risk factors for internet addition were: male, senior secondary school students, social anxiety, stress, avoidance coping style, desirable outcome expectancy of substitute gratification (need to belong), desirable outcome expectancy of stress coping, frequency of online gaming, frequency of idling online and time spent online during weekdays. Moreover, social anxiety, stress, and avoidance coping style had both direct and indirect effects on severity of internet addiction symptoms via the mediators of desirable outcome expectancy of substitute gratification (need to belong) and desirable outcome expectancy of stress coping; the results provided preliminary support to the theoretical model proposed in this study.Both conceptual and methodological limitations and their implications for further research were discussed. Prevention and intervention programs were proposed according to results of this study.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Gu, Minmin."November 2012."Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-207).Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.Abstract and appendixes also in Chinese.Acknowledgements --- p.iTable of Contents --- p.iiiList of Tables --- p.viList of Figures --- p.viiiCHAPTER ONE --- p.1THE RESEARCH PROBLEM --- p.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY --- p.1Internet Addiction as an Emerging Problem --- p.1Knowledge Gaps in Previous Research on Internet Addiction --- p.3Intervention for Internet Addiction --- p.4RESEARCH OBJECTIVES --- p.6ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS --- p.7CHAPTER TWO --- p.8LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.9Definition and Measurements of Internet Addiction in Previous Studies --- p.9The Evolved Definition of Addiction --- p.15Categorical Approach to Diagnosis for Addiction --- p.18Dimensional Approach to Diagnosis for Addiction --- p.21EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.23Risk Factors Identified in Mainland China --- p.23Risk Factors Identified in other Eastern Societies and Western Societies --- p.25THEORIES OF ADDICTION --- p.34The Relationship between Repetitive Internet Use and Internet Addiction --- p.34Psychosocial Theories Explaining Repetitive Internet Use --- p.39CHAPTER THREE --- p.55CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.55THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --- p.55RESEARCH HYPOTHESES --- p.63CHAPTER FOUR --- p.68RESEARCH METHOD --- p.68RESEARCH SITE --- p.68Social and Economical Condition of Shanghai --- p.69Schooling and Extra-curricular Activities in Shanghai --- p.70Internet Use and Internet Addiction among Adolescents in Shanghai --- p.71RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.72PILOT STUDY --- p.72Samples --- p.72Data Collection --- p.73Data Analysis --- p.81MAIN STUDY --- p.82Samples --- p.82Data Collection --- p.86Data Analysis --- p.86ETHIC CONSIDERATIONS --- p.89CHAPTER FIVE --- p.90PILOT STUDY --- p.90CHINESE INTERNET ADDICTION SCALE (CIAS) --- p.92SELF-DEVELOPED MEASURE OF DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY --- p.102SOCIAL ANXIETY SCALE FOR ADOLESCENTS (SAS-A) --- p.104FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY (ADAPTED FROM THE NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIP INVENTORY) --- p.107SELF-DEVELOPED MEASURE OF STRESS FOR ADOLESCENTS --- p.108AVOIDANCE COPING STYLE (ADAPTED FROM COPE INVENTORY) --- p.112CHAPTER SIX --- p.115MAIN STUDY --- p.115PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSES --- p.115DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS --- p.119Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms --- p.119Time Spent Online during Holidays, Weekends, and Weekdays --- p.120Zero Hour User in the Three Time Phases --- p.121Time Spent on Various Online Activities --- p.123Risk Factors --- p.124COMPARISON OF HIGH-RISK GROUP AND NON-HIGH-RISK GROUP --- p.126High-Risk Group --- p.126Group Differences in Time Spent Online during Holidays, Weekends and Weekdays --- p.126Group Differences in Time Spent on Various Online Activities --- p.127Group Differences in Risk Factors --- p.129PREDICTORS FOR SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.132Correlation of Dependent and Independent Variables --- p.132Hierarchical Regression Predicting Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms via Demographic Variables, Personal or Environmental Inadequacies, Desirable Outcome Expectancy, Preference for Online Activities and Time Spent Online --- p.136Mediation Effects of Desirable Outcome Expectancies --- p.140CHAPTER SEVEN --- p.155DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS --- p.155ZERO-HOUR USER IN THREE DIFFERENT TIME PHASES --- p.155HIGH RISK GROUP OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.156GENDER DIFFERENCE IN RATE OF INTERNET ADDICTION AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.158GRADE DIFFERENCE IN SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.159PREFERENCE FOR ONLINE ACTIVITIES AND HIGH-RISK GROUP OF INTERNET ADDICTION --- p.160DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) --- p.162SOCIAL ANXIETY, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.162FRIENDSHIP INTIMACY, SOCIAL ANXIETY, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF SUBSTITUTE GRATIFICATION (NEED TO BELONG) AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.165STRESS, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF STRESS COPING AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.167AVOIDANCE COPING STYLE, DESIRABLE OUTCOME EXPECTANCY OF STRESS COPING AND SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION SYMPTOMS --- p.168CHAPTER EIGHT --- p.170LIMITATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.170SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS --- p.170LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORETICAL MODEL AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.173Unexplored Other Types of Desirable Outcome Expectancies --- p.173Unexplored Other Psychosocial Risk Factors --- p.174Reciprocal Relationship between Risk Factors and Severity of Internet Addiction Symptoms --- p.174A New Population of Interest: College Students --- p.175METHODLOGICAL LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.176The Limitations of Cross-sectional Design and Recommendation for Longitudinal Research --- p.176The Limitations of Non-random Sampling and Recommendations for Random Sampling --- p.177The limitations of Self-report Data and Recommendations for Data Collection from Multiple Sources --- p.177The Limitations of Quantitative Research and Recommendations for Qualitative Research --- p.178THEORTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS --- p.179Replicating and Extending Previous Empirical Research on Internet Addiction --- p.180Applying Outcome Expectancy Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.180Applying of Stress Coping Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.181Applying Substitute Gratification Theory to Internet Addiction Research --- p.182PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS --- p.183Intervention Programs --- p.183Prevention Programs --- p.189References --- p.191Chapter Appendix I --- Questionnaire for Pilot Study --- p.208Chapter Appendix II --- Questionnaire for Pilot Study --- p.22
Assessment of urban rail transit network passenger-centered resilience under hazards: A dynamic resilience assessment framework
No full textUrban rail transit (URT) is vulnerable to cascading failures from disasters due to their complexity. In modern society, we should pay more attention to the experience of passengers and enhance the quality of service in URT. This paper develops a model using dynamic indicators to assess the disaster resilience of URT. It presents a novel passenger-centered resilience assessment method that reflects dynamic passenger flow demand indicators. A cascading failure model under Geometric Attack Model was established to simulate the route choice of passengers before and after cascading failure. This paper collected data on the Beijing subway, analyzed the features of dynamic passenger flow resilience indicators, and assessed the disaster resilience of the Beijing subway. Results show: (1) generalized travel time costs and transfer times for passengers increase after cascading failures, indicating reduced system resilience; and (2) two indicators are at moderately low resilience levels. This shows that passenger travel routes become more complicated after station failure, and the network's ability to restore service and maintain service quality in the aftermath of unexpected events needs improvement. The paper suggests improving disaster resistance by adding redundant lines and other measures and also discusses adjusting assessment strategies based on the unique characteristics of different cities. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the model, and based on this, guiding suggestions were made for optimization strategies.No Full Tex
Neuraxial Homeostasis – Optimizing Neuraxial Labor Analgesia
No full textJianwei Guo, Yan Cheng, Minmin Yi Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yan Cheng, Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13609166817, Email [email protected]: At present, few studies on labor analgesia focus on preventing and managing neurological complications, and there is a lack of specific operational guidelines for clinical practice. This study aims to compare spinal analgesia–epidural analgesia (SA-EA) and combined spinal–epidural analgesia (CSEA) in reducing neurological complications during labor analgesia. SA-EA group: A standard spinal needle (0.5 × 113mm) was first inserted to perform a dural puncture, and 2mL of 0.1% ropivacaine + 1μg/mL sufentanil was injected intrathecally. After the spinal needle was withdrawn, a standard epidural needle (1.6 × 80mm) was used to perform an epidural puncture, and an epidural catheter (1.0mm) was inserted approximately 4cm into the epidural space. Twenty minutes later, an epidural analgesia pump was connected. CSEA group: A standard epidural needle (1.6 × 80mm) was first inserted for epidural puncture. A spinal needle was then passed through the epidural needle to perform a dural puncture, and 2mL of 0.1% ropivacaine + 1μg/mL sufentanil was injected intrathecally. After the spinal needle was removed, an epidural catheter (1.0mm) was inserted approximately 4cm into the epidural space. Twenty minutes later, an epidural analgesia pump was connected. We hypothesize that there may be differences in the incidence of neurological complications between the two groups. It is pioneering and significant as it starts from actual clinical operations. By in-depth comparing SA-EA and CSEA techniques, the study is expected to provide important references for clinical practice, improving the safety and efficacy of labor analgesia and reducing neurological complications. Additionally, it is the first time to propose the concept of neuraxial homeostasis in the anesthesia field, which is of great importance to the development of the discipline.Keywords: neuraxial homeostasis, neuraxial labor analgesia, spinal analgesia–epidural analgesia, combined spinal–epidural analgesi
Translation and criticism of the works of Leo Tolstoy in Shanghai at the beginning of the 20th century
No full textThe translation, dissemination, and criticism of Leo Tolstoy's works by Shanghai intellectuals in the early 20th century are discussed. The author restores the unique social and historical context in China in the first two decades of the 20th century, combs Tolstoy's works published in Shanghai and critical articles about the writer published by various newspapers and periodicals, revealing the psychological dynamics and reality of these translators and critics, and summarizes Shanghai's outstanding contributions to the dissemination of Tolstoy and the promotion of Tolstoy's research in China
Author response: Learning shapes the aversion and reward responses of lateral habenula neurons
No full textAnalysis of the bacterial diversity in the fecal material of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the bacteria present in the fecal material of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. Fecal samples were collected from 12 Yangtze finless porpoises living in the wild at Poyang Lake, located in Jiangxi Province, China. To determine the bacterial diversity, a 16S rRNA gene clone library using the bacterial PCR primers fD1 and rP2, was prepared. A total of 138 near-full-length sequences were analyzed and 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Sequences showing a parts per thousand yen97% similarity were grouped together as an OTU. Six different phyla were identified in which 38 OTUs were classified. Most of the OTUs contained sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes (51.3%), followed by Tenericutes (17.9%), Proteobacteria (15.4%), Actinobacteria (7.7%), Deinococcus-Thermus (2.6%) and Cyanobacteria (2.6%). A phylum could not be assigned for one clone within one OTU (2.6%). It appears that the Yangtze finless porpoise has a more diverse range of bacteria compared to other aquatic mammals, such as seals.The aim of this study was to determine the bacteria present in the fecal material of the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. Fecal samples were collected from 12 Yangtze finless porpoises living in the wild at Poyang Lake, located in Jiangxi Province, China. To determine the bacterial diversity, a 16S rRNA gene clone library using the bacterial PCR primers fD1 and rP2, was prepared. A total of 138 near-full-length sequences were analyzed and 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Sequences showing a parts per thousand yen97% similarity were grouped together as an OTU. Six different phyla were identified in which 38 OTUs were classified. Most of the OTUs contained sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes (51.3%), followed by Tenericutes (17.9%), Proteobacteria (15.4%), Actinobacteria (7.7%), Deinococcus-Thermus (2.6%) and Cyanobacteria (2.6%). A phylum could not be assigned for one clone within one OTU (2.6%). It appears that the Yangtze finless porpoise has a more diverse range of bacteria compared to other aquatic mammals, such as seals
Detection and allergen analysis of serum IgE in pediatric patients with chronic urticaria
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