4 research outputs found
An Evaluation of the Road Safety Performance of City and Zone Administrations in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
No full textThis study evaluates the road safety performance of all city and zone administrations in the Amhara region, Ethiopia, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Speed, priority to pedestrians, the right of way for other vehicles, safe driving distance, technical vehicle errors, illegal pedestrian behaviour, and road conditions were the road safety indicators chosen to present the current road safety situation in the study area. Experts assigned the most significant weight to the speed, priority to pedestrians, and safe driving distance indicator. Linear and geometric aggregation have been applied as index methodology. The rankings of the city and zone administrations were drawn separately based on the indicators' weighted share, index score, and road safety outcome (i.e. the number of fatalities per ten thousand vehicles). There were no significant differences between the two aggregation methods in the ranking of the cities, but there were some in the zone rankings. However, the spearman's correlation results demonstrated that the two aggregation rankings were reasonable estimates of the road safety outcome ranking and that the index methods are feasible and practical. The study's findings also confirmed that behavioural indicators comprise a large proportion of the road safety index, in which speed was the most dominant indicator
An Evaluation of the Road Safety Performance of City and Zone Administrations in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia
No full textThis study evaluates the road safety performance of all city and zone administrations in the Amhara region, Ethiopia, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Speed, priority to pedestrians, the right of way for other vehicles, safe driving distance, technical vehicle errors, illegal pedestrian behaviour, and road conditions were the road safety indicators chosen to present the current road safety situation in the study area. Experts assigned the most significant weight to the speed, priority to pedestrians, and safe driving distance indicator. Linear and geometric aggregation have been applied as index methodology. The rankings of the city and zone administrations were drawn separately based on the indicators' weighted share, index score, and road safety outcome (i.e. the number of fatalities per ten thousand vehicles). There were no significant differences between the two aggregation methods in the ranking of the cities, but there were some in the zone rankings. However, the spearman's correlation results demonstrated that the two aggregation rankings were reasonable estimates of the road safety outcome ranking and that the index methods are feasible and practical. The study's findings also confirmed that behavioural indicators comprise a large proportion of the road safety index, in which speed was the most dominant indicator
Public-private collaboration in the Tourism Industry in Northwestern Ethiopia.
No full textTourism has become an important socio-economic development tool in many parts of the world, including developing countries such as Ethiopia. To sustainably develop the existing and potential destinations, collaboration among key stakeholders is of high importance. Amongst these key actors, the private and public sectors are the leading ones. This study was conducted at the two World Heritage Sites of Ethiopia: Gondar and Lalibela, and the UNESCO registered Biosphere Reserve of Lake Tana, including the UNESCO Learning city of Bahir Dar. These destinations are strategically located in Northwestern Ethiopia, in the Northern historic route of the country which receives the largest number of international visitors of the country. The study area is famous for unique cultural, historical, religious, religious and natural
attractions. The necessary data for this study were mainly collected using a semi-structured in-depth interview methodology. The researchers used a purposive sampling technique and the total samples selected were 35, which was based on theoretical saturation. It was found that the public and private sectors
in the tourism industry in the three destinations, were not working together to the level expected. They were working only in limited areas, and hotels were found to be better participants in the collaboration process. The major challenges for the feeble collaboration are associated with the government’s limitations in
commitment, financial and manpower capacity. For better public-private collaboration, the government should take the leading role and create a conducive environment for collaboration with the private sector, so that tourism can be developed in a way that benefits visitors, businesses and the destinations and remains sustainable
Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990-2019 : a subnational country analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textAbstract: Background Previous Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) studies have reported national health estimates for Ethiopia. Substantial regional variations in socioeconomic status, population, demography, and access to health care within Ethiopia require comparable estimates at the subnational level. The GBD 2019 Ethiopia subnational analysis aimed to measure the progress and disparities in health across nine regions and two chartered cities. Methods We gathered 1057 distinct data sources for Ethiopia and all regions and cities that included census, demographic surveillance, household surveys, disease registry, health service use, disease notifications, and other data for this analysis. Using all available data sources, we estimated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), total fertility rate (TFR), life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years, and risk-factor-attributable health loss with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for Ethiopia's nine regions and two chartered cities from 1990 to 2019. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, cause of death ensemble model, Bayesian meta-regression tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, and other models were used to generate fertility, mortality, cause of death, and disability rates. The risk factor attribution estimations followed the general framework established for comparative risk assessment. Findings The SDI steadily improved in all regions and cities from 1990 to 2019, yet the disparity between the highest and lowest SDI increased by 54% during that period. The TFR declined from 6.91 (95% UI 6.59-7.20) in 1990 to 4.43 (4.01-4.92) in 2019, but the magnitude of decline also varied substantially among regions and cities. In 2019, TFR ranged from 6.41 (5.96-6.86) in Somali to 1.50 (1.26-1.80) in Addis Ababa. Life expectancy improved in Ethiopia by 21.93 years (21.79-22.07), from 46.91 years (45.71-48.11) in 1990 to 68.84 years (67.51-70.18) in 2019. Addis Ababa had the highest life expectancy at 70.86 years (68.91-72.65) in 2019; Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz had the lowest at 63.74 years (61.53-66.01) for Afar and 64.28 (61.99-66.63) for Benishangul-Gumuz. The overall increases in life expectancy were driven by declines in under-5 mortality and mortality from common infectious diseases, nutritional deficiency, and war and conflict. In 2019, the age-standardised all-cause death rate was the highest in Afar at 1353.38 per 100 000 population (1195.69-1526.19). The leading causes of premature mortality for all sexes in Ethiopia in 2019 were neonatal disorders, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, stroke, HIV/AIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, congenital defects, and diabetes. With high SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and Harari had low rates of premature mortality from the five leading causes, whereas regions with low SDIs and life expectancy for all sexes (Afar and Somali) had high rates of premature mortality from the leading causes. In 2019, child and maternal malnutrition; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; air pollution; high systolic blood pressure; alcohol use; and high fasting plasma glucose were the leading risk factors for health loss across regions and cities. Interpretation There were substantial improvements in health over the past three decades across regions and chartered cities in Ethiopia. However, the progress, measured in SDI, life expectancy, TFR, premature mortality, disability, and risk factors, was not uniform. Federal and regional health policy makers should match strategies, resources, and interventions to disease burden and risk factors across regions and cities to achieve national and regional plans, Sustainable Development Goals, and universal health coverage targets. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
