4,775 research outputs found

    Psychiatric and psychosocial predictors of substance use disorders among adolescents - Longitudinal study

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    [[abstract]]Background Few studies have prospectively examined psychosocial and psychiatric predictors of adolescent substance use disorders simultaneously. Aims To identify psychosocial and psychiatric predictors of substance use disorders in adolescence. Method School children aged 12 years (s.d.=0.3) free from any substance use disorder at grade 7 (n=428) were assessed in three consecutive years, using a standardised psychiatric interview. Their baseline psychosocial information was also collected. The outcome was the onset age of a substance use disorder. The Cox regression model was used for data analysis. Results The most significant predictive factors for adolescent substance use disorder included male gender, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder and sibling use of tobacco. Three protective factors against such morbidity included living in a household with two parents, a good academic grade at grade 7 and objection to the use of substances. Conclusions Early intervention for disruptive behaviour disorders and specific psychosocial risk factors might prevent substance use disorders in early adolescence

    The influence of fiber-matrix adhesion on the linear viscoelastic creep behavior of CF/PPS composites

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    The influence of fiber-matrix adhesion on the linear viscoelastic creep behavior of as received and surface modified carbon fiber (AR-CF and SM-CF, respectively) reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite materials was investigated. Short-term tensile creep tests were performed on ±45° specimens under four different isothermal condition; 70, 80, 90 and 100°C. As a preliminary step to obtain the time-temperature master curve, as well as to characterize the changes in matrix dominated properties over storage time, physical aging effects were evaluated on both systems using the short-term test method established by Struik. The results showed that the surface treatment carried out in the SM-CF improved fiber-matrix adhesion, enhancing the mechanical performance of CF/PPS composites but with minor effects on the creep response. Increasing retardation times with physical aging was observed in all test conditions. Compared to temperature effects, physical aging showed to have a small contribution on the creep behavior of CF/PPS composites.Aerospace Structures & MaterialsAerospace Engineerin
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