33 research outputs found
Encoding of common grasps in the resting human brain
No full textIntroduction:
An abundant literature shows similarities between task-driven and intrinsic (low frequency
fluctuations(LFFs)/ resting state) driven activity. But how exactly do task-related functional
connectivity (FC) of LFFs get modulated, and what is the significance of this information? Newest
resting state literature suggests that the brain at rest preserves representations of the statistical
regularities of the body and the natural environment (Livne, 2020; Pezzulo et al., 2021; Betti et
al., 2021). For example, recent findings suggest a higher similarity between resting state and
task-evoked fluctuation patterns and patterns elicited by common hand movements as opposed
to uncommon (Livne, 2020). Accordingly, in a previous work, we show that the resting
somatomotor cortex retains the topography of the hand and that that effect is mediated by use
(El Rassi, 2022). Here we test the hypothesis that watching motor execution performed in a
common/naturalistic way has a similar FC architecture to that of resting state LFFs. We expect that visual task related modulations of LFF FC will be more pronounced than when observing nonnaturalistic
actions. This is based on literature showing that action observation excites similar
networks as action execution, and that that excitation is facilitated when observing naturalistic
movements (Lago, 2010). Here we take it one step forward and investigate visual task
modulations with respect to resting state architecture. In particular we hypothesize that 1)
functional connectivity architecture is different when observing common hand grasps vs
uncommon, and 2) modulations related to watching common hand grasps are more correlated to
resting state fluctuations that code regularities of the environment, as opposed to viewing
uncommon hand grasps.
Methods:
We collected 15 minutes of resting state fMRI data and then asked our participants to watch
videos of common and uncommon (tilted shoulder, elbow and fingers) hand grasps of 26 subjects,
organized in blocks (30 s blocks, including 10 videos each). All data was preprocessed using SPM,
and subject-specific whole brain ROI to ROI LFF functional connectivity matrices were generated
for the resting state block and each category, using Conn toolbox. We used the parcellation of
Conn toolbox of the whole brain ending up with 32 main nodes with 496 connections. We first
performed a t-test contrasting common and uncommon FC matrices. We then computed for each
subject the correlation between FC patterns at rest and in each of our 2 conditions. Finally, we
performed a t-test between the correlations of rest and task.
Results:
Results: We found 1) significant differences in connectivity between common and uncommon
conditions in 48 nodes (p<0.05, uncorrected) and a general increase of functional connectivity
when watching uncommon vs common movements. Of interest, the biggest clusters with FC
differences were between the visual system and the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks,
2) a higher correlation of FC between rest and common movement viewing as opposed to
uncommon (p=0.002)
A visual representation of the hand in the resting somatomotor regions of the human brain
No full textHand visibility affects motor control, perception, and attention, as visual information is integrated into an internal model of somatomotor control. Spontaneous brain activity, i.e., at rest, in the absence of an active task, is correlated among somatomotor regions that are jointly activated during motor tasks. Recent studies suggest that spontaneous activity patterns do not only replay task activation patterns but also maintain a model of the statistical regularities (priors) of the body and environment, which may be used to predict upcoming behavior. We test whether spontaneous activity in the human somatomotor cortex is modulated by visual stimuli that display hands vs. non-hand stimuli and by the use/action they represent. We analyzed fMRI activity and multivariate pattern analysis to examine the similarity between spontaneous activity patterns and task-evoked patterns to the presentation of natural hands, robot hands, gloves, or control stimuli (food). In the left somatomotor cortex, we observed a stronger (multivoxel) spatial correlation between resting-state activity and natural hand picture patterns compared to other stimuli. We did not observe any task-rest similarity in the visual cortex. We conclude that spontaneous activity patterns in somatomotor brain regions code for the visual representation of human hands and their use
The Representation of Visual Naturalistic Stimuli in Resting State Activity: An Investigation in the Visual and Motor Areas Representations at Rest
No full textResting state is characterized as an offline period, during which the
eyes may be either open or closed. In this disengaged state, one’s
system operates independently of external input or feedback, and by
definition, relies on an internalized model of the world. Literature
shows that resting state activity may reflect the statistics of the natural
environment, but also the unique individual biases, and is possible to
be reshaped over time. This is highlighted by studies that show that
resting state fluctuations maintain traces of everyday activity; but how
are these representations extracted, how stable are they, and to what
extent are they malleable? To answer that we need to understand: 1)
How is our system structured to maintain regularities? 2) How are they
integrated in an internalized model? 3) How do low frequencies
fluctuate when detecting an error? The main aim of this thesis is to
understand how natural information is represented in resting state. The
working model is that (1) naturalistic information is processed along a
hierarchy in time and space to code higher level information that is low
dimensional and sparse (chapter 2). 2) This information is then
maintained in resting state in a generic form (chapter 3). 3) This is
achieved because low frequency fluctuations are adapted to naturalistic
statics, and hence are altered in otherwise unexpected situations
(chapter 4). We examined the functional connectivity (FC) of MEG
signal changes in the visual (VIS) and dorsal attention (DAN) networks
during the observation of naturalistic videos, by comparing them to a
pretrained convolutional network. We reveal distinct temporal
dynamics in processing low and high-level features. Low-level features
are immediately and abundantly represented, while high-level features
exhibit a delayed and scarce representation, potentially storing
information in a generic form (chapter 2). For instance, we find that the
BOLD multivoxel spatial representation of a still hand, controlled for
low-level features, is coherent with the spatial representation of the
resting somatomotor area, as opposed to another object such as a food
item (chapter 3). We suggest that the representations during resting
states may contribute to the goal of interacting with the environment.
This is enriched by our final findings; the multivoxel spatial
representation of observing common movements aligns more
coherently with resting somatomotor patterns as opposed to
uncommon (chapter 4)
Hypovitaminosis D in developing countries-prevalence, risk factors and outcomes
No full textHypovitaminosis D is a prevalent disorder in developing countries. Clinical manifestations of hypovitaminosis D include musculoskeletal disorders, such as nonspecific muscle pain, poor muscle strength and low BMD, as well as nonmusculoskeletal disorders, such as an increased risk of respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus and possibly cardiovascular diseases. In developing countries, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D varies widely by and within regions; prevalence ranges between 30-90percent, according to the cut-off value used within specific regions, and is independent of latitude. A high prevalence of the disorder exists in China and Mongolia, especially in children, of whom up to 50percent are reported to have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 12.5 nmol-l. Despite ample sunshine throughout the year, one-third to one-half of individuals living in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels 25 nmol-l, according to studies published in the past decade. Hypovitaminosis D is also prevalent in children and the elderly living in Latin America. Risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in developing countries are similar to those reported in Western countries and include extremes of age, female sex, winter season, dark skin pigmentation, malnutrition, lack of sun exposure, a covered clothing style and obesity. Clinical trials to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on classical and nonclassical clinical outcomes in developing countries are needed. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. 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Hydatid cyst mimicking acute chest syndrome in a sickle thalassemia patient [4]
No full text[No abstract available]BEAUDOIN.A, 1967, ANN BIOL CLIN-PARIS, V25, P199; Sadjadi SM, 2006, PARASITOL INT, V55, pS197, DOI 10.1016-j.parint.2005.11.030; Vichinsky EP, 2000, NEW ENGL J MED, V342, P1855, DOI 10.1056-NEJM2000062234225020
Postprandial ghrelin and PYY responses of male subjects on low carbohydrate meals to varied balancing proportions of proteins and fats
No full textPurpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether a higher proportion of protein or fat is more favorable for optimal ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) release in subjects consuming low carbohydrate meals. Methods: Eight normal weight men received, on three separate occasions, high protein low fat (HPLF) (40percent protein, 25percent fat), low protein high fat (LPHF) (10percent protein, 55percent fat) or medium protein medium fat (MPMF) (25percent protein, 40percent fat) meals, with equal low carbohydrates content in all three meals (35percent of energy). Postprandial blood samples were collected before and 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min following the ingestion of each meal. Plasma acylated ghrelin and PYY 3-36 as well as serum insulin, glucose and triglycerides were measured. Results: Comparing meals and considering each time point separately, a trend for a statistically significant difference in acylated ghrelin was observed between HPLF and LPHF meals and a statistically significant change of PYY from baseline was noted between HPLF and LPHF meals as compared to the MPMF meal at certain time points. When data were pooled together, a statistically significant difference in acylated ghrelin change from baseline was observed between HPLF and LPHF meals, while both HPLF and LPHF meals resulted in a significantly higher PYY3-36 release in comparison to MPMF meal. AUC data analysis for PYY3-36 revealed significantly higher values following HPLF in comparison to MPMF meal. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between acylated ghrelin and insulin only with the HPLF meal. Postprandial glucose and triglyceride levels were not significantly different between the three meals. Conclusions: In subjects consuming low carbohydrate meals, higher concentrations of proteins to fat seem to have more favorable effects on postprandial appetite hormones. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.ADRIAN TE, 1985, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V89, P1070; Al Awar R, 2005, CLIN SCI, V109, P405, DOI 10.1042-CS20050072; Baba NH, 1999, INT J OBESITY, V23, P1202, DOI 10.1038-sj.ijo.0801064; Batterham RL, 2003, NEW ENGL J MED, V349, P941, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa030204; Batterham RL, 2006, CELL METAB, V4, P223, DOI 10.1016-j.cmet.2006.08.001; Blom WAM, 2006, AM J CLIN NUTR, V83, P211; Bowen J, 2006, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V91, P1477, DOI 10.1210-jc.2005-1856; Cameron C, 2002, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, DOI [10.1002-14651858.CD003640, DOI 10.1002-14651858.CD003640]; Chan JL, 2006, DIABETOLOGIA, V49, P169, DOI 10.1007-s00125-005-0041-2; Cummings DE, 2003, ARCH SURG-CHICAGO, V138, P389, DOI 10.1001-archsurg.138.4.389; De Schepper H, 2004, NEUROGASTROENT MOTIL, V16, P567, DOI 10.1111-j1365-2982.2004.00533.x; El Khoury DTD, 2006, ANN NUTR METAB, V50, P260, DOI 10.1159-000091684; Essah PA, 2007, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V92, P4052, DOI 10.1210-jc.2006-2273; Farnsworth E, 2003, AM J CLIN NUTR, V78, P31; Foreyt JP, 2009, NUTR REV, V67, pS99, DOI 10.1111-j.1753-4887.2009.00169.x; GRANDT D, 1994, REGUL PEPTIDES, V51, P151, DOI 10.1016-0167-0115(94)90204-6; Greenman Y, 2004, CLIN ENDOCRINOL, V60, P382, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2265.2004.01993.x; Helou N, 2008, ANN NUTR METAB, V52, P188, DOI 10.1159-000138122; Keire DA, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V279, pG126; Lawrence CB, 2002, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V143, P155, DOI 10.1210-en.143.1.155; Leonetti F, 2004, REGUL PEPTIDES, V122, P179, DOI 10.1016-j.regpep.2004.06.014; le Roux CW, 2006, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V147, P3, DOI 10.1210-en.2005-0972; Lin HC, 2003, REGUL PEPTIDES, V114, P131, DOI 10.1016-S0167-0115(03)00115-0; Little TJ, 2005, OBES REV, V6, P297, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-789X.2005.00212.x; Luscombe ND, 2003, INT J OBESITY, V27, P582, DOI 10.1038-sj.ijo.0802270; MacIntosh CG, 1999, AM J CLIN NUTR, V69, P999; Marzullo P, 2004, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V89, P936, DOI 10.1210-jc.2003-031328; Mohlig M, 2002, J ENDOCRINOL INVEST, V25, pRC36; Monteleone P, 2005, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V57, P926, DOI 10.1016-j.biopsych.2005.01.004; Monteleone P, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P5510, DOI 10.1210-jc.2003-030797; Neary NM, 2003, GUT, V52, P918, DOI 10.1136-gut.52.7.918; Nilsson M, 2004, AM J CLIN NUTR, V80, P1246; Poppitt SD, 2006, EUR J CLIN NUTR, V60, P77, DOI 10.1038-sj.ejcn.1602270; Roth CL, 2005, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V90, P6386, DOI 10.1210-jc.2005-1357; Saad MF, 2002, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V87, P3997, DOI 10.1210-jc.87.8.3997; Shick SM, 1998, J AM DIET ASSOC, V98, P408, DOI 10.1016-S0002-8223(98)00093-5; Smeets AJ, 2008, J NUTR, V138, P698; Stubbs RJ, 1998, P NUTR SOC, V57, P341, DOI 10.1079-PNS19980052; Tentolouris N, 2004, HORM METAB RES, V36, P559, DOI 10.1055-s-2004-825761; Tome D, 2004, BRIT J NUTR, V92, pS27, DOI 10.1079-BJN20041138; Torbay N, 2002, NUTR RES, V22, P587, DOI 10.1016-S0271-5317(02)00359-7; Veldhorst M, 2008, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V94, P300, DOI 10.1016-j.physbeh.2008.01.003; Wren AM, 2001, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V86, P5992, DOI 10.1210-jc.86.12.5992; ZULET MA, 2005, CURR NUTR FOOD SCI, V1, P13, DOI 10.2174-157340105295327665
Myocardial infarction in a 28-year-old thalassemia intermedia patient
No full textA 28-year-old Lebanese thalassemia intermedia (TI) patient with homozygous IVS1-110 mutation sustained atypical chest pain of 1 day's duration. The EKG reading revealed ST segment elevation in the chest leads V1 to V 5. Coronary angiography showed 2 plaques in the left anterior descending coronary artery. He underwent subsequent angioplasty with stenting of the left anterior descending coronary artery. An extensive thrombophilia profile was negative. He was started on medication, and his medical condition improved and chest pain ceased. This is the first case report of myocardial infarction in a TI patient among thalassemics. We propose that such cases will emerge more frequently as our population ages, keeping in mind a possible thrombotic mechanism.Fridlender ZG, 2004, AM J HEMATOL, V75, P52, DOI 10.1002-ajh.10454; Karimi M, 2006, ANN HEMATOL, V85, P29, DOI 10.1007-s00277-005-1101-x; Namazi MR, 2002, MED HYPOTHESES, V59, P361, DOI 10.1016-S0306-9877(02)00264-5; Taher A, 2006, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V96, P488, DOI 10.1160-TH06-05-0267; Taher A, 2006, BLOOD CELL MOL DIS, V37, P12, DOI 10.1016-j.bcmd.2006.04.0050
Beta-thalassemia intermedia: An overview
No full text[No abstract available]Aessopos A, 2005, CHEST, V127, P1523, DOI 10.1378-chest.127.5.1523; Aessopos A, 2001, BLOOD, V97, P3411, DOI 10.1182-blood.V97.11.3411; CAPELLINI MD, 2002, HEMATOL J, V65; CAPELLINI MD, 2007, GUIDELINES CLIN MANA, pCH11; Cappellini MD, 2005, SEMIN HEMATOL, V42, pS19, DOI 10.1053-j.seminhematol.2005.01.001; Cappellini MD, 2000, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V111, P467, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2141.2000.02376.x; Castelli R, 2004, AM J MED SCI, V328, P299, DOI 10.1097-00000441-200411000-00012; Chehal Aref, 2003, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), V28, pE245, DOI 10.1097-00007632-200307010-00024; Dixit A, 2005, ANN HEMATOL, V84, P441, DOI 10.1007-s00277-005-1026-4; Eldor A, 2002, BLOOD, V99, P36, DOI 10.1182-blood.V99.1.36; GIMMON Z, 1982, PLAST RECONSTR SURG, V69, P320, DOI 10.1097-00006534-198202000-00023; Karimi M, 2005, J PEDIAT HEMATOL ONC, V27, P380, DOI 10.1097-01.mph.0000174386.13109.28; Kushner J P, 2001, Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program, P47; Mourad FH, 2003, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V121, P187, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2141.2003.04240.x; Origa R, 2005, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V1054, P451, DOI 10.1196-annals.1345.051; PERRINE SP, 1993, NEW ENGL J MED, V328, P81, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199301143280202; St Pierre TG, 2005, BLOOD, V105, P855, DOI 10.1182-blood-2004-01-0177; Taher A, 2006, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V96, P488, DOI 10.1160-TH06-05-0267; TAHER A, 2006, BLOOD CELL MOL DIS, V27, P12; TAHER A, 2007, ASH ANN M, V110, P3818; Weatherall DJ, 2001, J HEMATOL S1, V86, P18694
La justicia constitucional desde la perspectiva de la filosofía de Jeremy Waldron y la experiencia venezolana reciente
No full textThe article reviews Jeremy Waldron’s theory about the legitimacy and moral authority of the various forms of constitutional justice. According to this theory, it is always illegitimate insofar as it violates the principle of majority decision, the only moral principle of legitimate legal authority.The author explains the conditions that, according to Waldron, a political community must gather so that his theory is applicable. He also ventures into forwarding some criticisms to the author regarding these conditions.Specially, the problem of the regressivity of Waldron’s argument and the problem of stability of his conditions are explored. However, it is assumed that Waldron’s theory off ers important contributions and a reflection is made in the face of the Venezuelan constitutional reality. Finally, a theoretical outline is used to combine the institution of constitutional justice with the most relevant criticisms of Waldron.El artículo repasa la teoría de Jeremy Waldron en torno a la legitimidad y autoridad moral de las diversas formas de justicia constitucional. Según esta teoría, la justicia constitucional siempre es ilegítima en la medida en que vulnera el principio de decisión mayoritaria, único de autoridad jurídica legítima. El autor expone las condiciones que, bajo el criterio de Waldron, debe reunir una comunidad política para que su teoría sea aplicable y ensaya algunas críticas al autor respecto de dichas condiciones.Especialmente, se contempla el problema de la regresividad del argumento de Waldron y el problema de la estabilidad que de las condiciones que el propio autor sugiere. Sin embargo, se asume que esta teoría ofrece aportes importantes y se hace una refl exión de ellos de cara a la realidad constitucional venezolana. Finalmente, se ensaya un bosquejo teórico que permita conjugar la institución de la justicia constitucional con las críticas más pertinentes de Waldron
Complications of β-thalassemia intermedia: A 12-year Lebanese experience
No full text[No abstract available]CAPELLINI MD, 2002, HEMATOL J S2, V3, P65; Rund D, 2005, NEW ENGL J MED, V353, P1135, DOI 10.1056-NEJMra050436; Singer ST, 2006, AM J HEMATOL, V81, P670, DOI 10.1002-ajh.20640; Wood JC, 2007, AM J HEMATOL, V82, P1132, DOI 10.1002-ajh.2109911
