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The Yao Muslims : religion and social change in southern Malawi
No full textThe African Muslim minority in Malawi has been identified with
one particular linguistic group, the Yao. The dissertation
begins with the problem of their conversion and adherence to
Islam in the face of seemingly adverse circumstances. In
exploring-solutions to this problem the emergence of a Yao
identity is outlined and the politics of conversion are
described. The narrative then moves on to the transformations of
the Yao Muslims in the hundred years since their conversion. A
model of religious change is developed that attempts to account
for both the dynamics of change and the contemporary situation
of Islam in southern Malawi. The Yao Muslims are shown to be
divided into three competing and sometimes hostile factions that
are termed the Sufis, the sukuti or 'quietist' movement and the
new reformists. The appearance of these movements and their
interaction with one another is described in relation to the
questions of identity and religious practice. The model proposes
a three phase scheme of Islamic change (appropriation and
accommodation followed by internal reform and then the new
reformist movement) that is defined in part by the relationship
of the Yao Muslims to writing and the Book. It is suggested that
a certain logic of transformation is endogenous to Islam as a
religion of the Book and that the scripturalist tendencies of
the reformist movement give it an advantage over the followers
of Sufi practices, especially in the context of modern systems
of communication and education. The general approach is that of
an historical anthropology, linking notions of structured change
to anthropological concerns with ritual and practice. The
analysis concludes by raising questions about the nature of
religious change in the context of an increasingly volatile
world system and the place of the anthropology of religion in
the understanding of modernity
Chao Yuen Ren (1892–1982)
No full textY. R. Chao is easily the most famous linguist to have come out of China. Born before the end of the last dynasty in China, he received a traditional Confucian education, but was also one of the first Chinese people to be sent to the West for training in modern Western science (under the Boxer Indemnity Fund). The remarkable breadth and scope of his studies included physics, mathematics, linguistics, musical and literary composition, and translation, and he was a pioneer in many of these fields
A nine month progress report on investigation of social network and bibliometric network
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Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
An infinite class of sparse-yao spanners
No full textWe show that, for any integer k ≥ 6, the Sparse-Yao graph Y Y6k (also known as Yao-Yao) is a spanner with stretch factor 11.67. The stretch factor drops down to 4.75 for k ≥ 8.
"Donggang Yao"
No full textNews article"As a motivated young scholar with extraordinary talents and abilities, Donggang Yao has achieved international prominence in the field of mechanical engineering. His published works contribute to a body of knowledge on polymer processing, microfabrication and computer-aided engineering.Innovations in these areas are generating intellectual property assets that introduce novel approaches and optimization standards into the manufacturing process. These many accomplishments, so early in his career, document both high productivity and breadth of his research interests.
π/2-Angle Yao Graphs are Spanners
No full textWe show that the Yao graph Y4 in the L2 metric is a spanner with stretch factor 8(29+23√ 2). Enroute to this, we also show that the Yao graph Y∞4 in the L∞ metric is a planar spanner with stretch factor 8
\u3c0/2-Angle yao graphs are spanners
No full textWe show that the Yao graph Y\u2084 in the L\u2082 metric is a spanner with stretch factor 8 1a2(29 + 23 1a2).Nous montrons que, dans la m\ue9trique L2, le graphe Y4 de Yao est un spanner de coefficient d\u2019\ue9tirement 8p2 (29 + 23p2).Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye
Rural industry and labor market integration in eastern China
No full textThis paper tests the competitiveness of the labor market in a semi-industrialized county located in eastern China. Labor market segmentation is linked to the degree of government interventions and the management structures of the local enterprises, surd two forms of rationing labeled entrance and time rationing are identified. A test based. on income maximizing behavior is developed to find the form of rationing that is consistent with the data. The results show that the labor market is not competitive and time rationing prevails in the county. In addition, industrial wages are not responsive to experience and education, but strongly biased against women and varying to government interventions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: J31; J42; O15.EconomicsSSCI15ARTICLE2463-4965
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