257 research outputs found
Notch Signaling: Mechanistic And Functional Studies In Intestinal Stem Cells And Colorectal Cancer Cells
No full text: The study of stem cell regulation in intestinal and colonic tissues is an area of significant focus within the scientific community, providing mechanistic insight into biological process and offering translational clinical potential. In this thesis we address the contribution of NOTCH signaling in maintaining the stem cell niche by modulating the mode of stem cell division and receptor-ligand interactions for cell-cell communication. Furthermore, we examine NOTCHmediated spatiotemporal recovery of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche following single cell ablation. Finally, we demonstrate that elevated NOTCH signaling exists under conditions of physiological stress and in colon cancer initiating cells (CCICs), promoting tumorigenic potential of the intestinal epithelium. Overall, our research highlights the underlying complexities of NOTCH signaling as an essential pathway to maintain intestinal homeostasis and may inspire development of novel CRC therapeutic strategies. Research efforts and findings during my graduate study have been consolidated into the following peer-reviewed publications, of which the four first co-author manuscripts are described in detail in this dissertation. 1. Srinivasan, Tara; Walters, Jewell; Bu, Pengcheng; Than, Elaine B.; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Panarelli, Nicole; Milsom, Jeff; Augenlicht, Leonard; Lipkin, Steven M; Shen, Xiling. "NOTCH Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Division of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Colon Cancer Initiating Cells." Cancer Research, 2016. (in press) 2. Srinivasan, Tara; Than, Elaine B.; Bu, Pengcheng; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Augenlicht, Leonard; Lipkin, Steven M.; Shen, Xiling. "NOTCH Signaling Regulates Fast- and Slow-Cycling Intestinal Stem Cells." Scientific Reports, 2016. (in press) 3. Chen, Kai-Yuan*; Srinivasan, Tara*; Choi, Jiahn*; Bu, Pengcheng; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Nishimura, Nozomi; Shen, Xiling. "Dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cell niche recovery in real-time." Cell Systems, 2015. (in review) 4. Murthy, Preetish KL*; Srinivasan, Tara*; Bochter, Skye; Bu, Pengcheng; Cole, Susan; Shen, Xiling. "FRINGE-dependent modification of NOTCH Ligands in Intestinal Stem Cells." 2016. (in preparation) 5. Rothschild, Daniel; Srinivasan, Tara; Aponte-Santiago, Linette; Shen, Xiling; Irving, Allen. "The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids." JoVE, 2015. (in press) 6. Bu, Pengcheng*; Wang, Lihua*; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Srinivasan, Tara; Lakshminarasimha, Preetish; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Varanko, Anastasia; Ai, Yiwei; Lipkin, Steven; Shen, Xiling. "miR34a and Numb synergize for asymmetric cell fate determination." Cell Stem Cell, 2016 Feb 4;18(2):189-202. 7. Crespo, Miguel; Tsai, Su-Yi; Srinivasan, Tara; Pipalia, Nina; Maxfield, Nina; Lipkin, Steven M; Evans, Todd; Chen, Shuibing. "Colonic Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Colorectal Cancer and Drug Testing." Nature Medicine, 2015. (in review) 8. Wang, Lihua*; Bu, Pengcheng*; Ai, Yiwel; Srinivasan, Tara; Lipkin, Steven M; Shen, Xiling. "A Long Non-Coding RNA Targets MicroRNA miR-34a to Regulate Colon Cancer Stem Cell Asymmetric Division." eLife, 2016. (in press
The use of air travel data for predicting dengue importation to China: A modelling study
No full textBackground Dengue virus importation from abroad is still the main driver of dengue incidence in China. Using global flight data to model importation may improve our understanding and prediction of dengue virus importation and onward transmission. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of surveillance cases of dengue infections imported to China and volume of air traffic to China for the years 2005 through 2014, inclusive. The data were aggregated by year, destination province, and source country. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and a random effects negative binomial model was created to predict the number of imported cases based on the volume of travelers from dengue-endemic countries. Results There were 1,822 cases of imported dengue infections over the study period. Most imported cases are from a small number of high-incidence countries with a large volume of travel to China, most notably Myanmar (22% of cases). The number of imported cases of dengue infections increased by 5.9% for every 10% increase in travel volume from dengue-endemic countries. Conclusion Patterns of air travel have a measurable impact on the importation of dengue to China. Modelling dengue importation risk may be a useful strategy to direct public health surveillance and interventions
An exploratory study of chinese organic consumption
No full textThis paper presents the results of a doctoral study within the program “Biodiversity and Society” of the Graduate School of Social Sciences at the Georg-August University, Göttingen. Food safety and organic consumption are key concepts of the study, focussing on the current situation in the People's Republic of China. The consumption of organic products in Germanny is introduced for comparison.
The lack of food safety has become a symbol for consumer concerns. Uncertainties regarding contaminated food and a polluted environment are promoting a megatrend of sustainable consumption that manifests itself in a combination of personal, social and environmental interests. Worldwide, the "organic market" is growing. Germany and China represent the largest organic markets in Europe and Asia respectively and an important objective of the study is to understand why organic consumption may be developing in different ways, despite many similarities. Specifically, the study shows in which way organic consumption in China is similar or different to that in Germany, regarding specific conditions, motives and dietary preferences, and against the background of globalization. In this way, the study follows the social science debate on reflexive modernization and contributes to a better understanding of ecological modernization
Collaborative Research on International Logistics and International Trade in China Under “One Belt and One Road” Strategy
No full textCONSTRUCTION OF NEW RETAIL SMART CIRCULATION SUPPLY CHAIN SYSTEM UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
No full textSimulation of a mixed wave and definition of nonlinearity parameter with diffraction correction
No full textThe acoustic nonlinearity parameter has been frequently measured for early detection of micro damage in various materials. The technique typically employs a toneburst signal of single frequency and measures the second harmonic generation during its propagation in through-transmission mode. In this work, we propose a two wave mixing technique and the use of difference frequency components in determining the nonlinearity parameter. One important advantage of this technique is to use difference frequency components apart from higher harmonics including the second harmonic, therefore effects of source nonlinearity can be minimized and low attenuating nonlinear signal can be acquired.
Beam fields radiated from various configurations of radiating transducers are simulated. The fundamental and difference frequency waves are calculated using the multi-Gaussian beam model based on the quasilinear solution for the Westervelt equation. Explicit expressions for diffraction and attenuation corrections are derived, and the nonlinearity parameter is newly defined with these corrections included.</p
Patterns of human social contact and contact with animals in Shanghai, China
No full textEast Asia is as a principal hotspot for emerging zoonotic infections. Understanding the likely pathways for their emergence and spread requires knowledge on human-human and human-animal contacts, but such studies are rare. We used self-completed and interviewer-completed contact diaries to quantify patterns of these contacts for 965 individuals in 2017/2018 in a high-income densely-populated area of China, Shanghai City. Interviewer-completed diaries recorded more social contacts (19.3 vs. 18.0) and longer social contact duration (35.0 vs. 29.1 hours) than self-reporting. Strong age-assortativity was observed in all age groups especially among young participants (aged 7–20) and middle aged participants (25–55 years). 17.7% of participants reported touching animals (15.3% (pets), 0.0% (poultry) and 0.1% (livestock)). Human-human contact was very frequent but contact with animals (especially poultry) was rare although associated with frequent human-human contact. Hence, this densely populated area is more likely to act as an accelerator for human-human spread but less likely to be at the source of a zoonosis outbreak. We also propose that telephone interview at the end of reporting day is a potential improvement of the design of future contact surveys
Points of Interest in Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5-6, May-June, 2012
No full textTopics in this issue of Points of Interest include: [Table of Contents]; American Physiological Society Early Career Research Recognition Award (Heinrich Lob); First Place, Trainee Highlights in Physiological Genomics Session (Colin Young); NSF Predoctoral Fellowship (Alessandro Bailetti); Honorable Mention NSP Predoctoral Fellowship (Adam Bisogni); Best Preclinical/Basic Research Presentation Award (Erin Daugherity); Seed Grant Collaboration (Alexander Nikitin, Zeynep Gumus, Xiling Shen); Publications; Biomedical Sciences Technical Services Group Formed; Administrative Networking Lunches; SUNY Chancellor’s Award for Excellence (Linda Mizer, Alex Travis); New Births for Ayesa Kaur, Rupinder Singh, Ming Yang
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