99,183 research outputs found
Bei cui can de sheng ming: du mu ju ji.
No full text一齊向內轉 -- 被摧殘的生命 -- 孤島之夜 -- 寧静的江南.楊揚著.Yang Yang zhu.Yi qi xiang nei zhuan -- Bei cui can de sheng ming -- Gu dao zhi qiu -- Ning jing de jiang nan
Special issue: Process safety in times of a pandemic
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures of some half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes of 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane containing -acidic ancillary ligands
No full textStructure of a linear unsymmetrical trinuclear cobalt(II) complex with a localized COII–COII bond: dichlorotetrakis[?3-bis(2-pyridyl)amido]tricobalt(II)
No full textRuthenium Vinylidene and σ-Acetylide Complexes Containing 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me3tacn): Synthesis and Alkyne-Coupling Reactivity
No full textGout? apa yang orang awam perlu tahu?
Get PDFGout adalah penyakit yang telah berada sekian lama dengan kita yang dipanggil ‘ancient disease’ dan telah di perkenalkan oleh Hippocrates pada abad ke 5. Ianya juga dikenali sebagai ‘King of the diseases and the disease of kings’ kerana sebelumnya dikaitkan dengan orang kaya yang berpenyakit gout akibat kaitan dengan pengambilan makanan yang tinggi asid urik dan meminum arak.
Gout adalah penyakit radang sendi yang didefinasikan sebagai serangan sakit sendi yang berulang-ulang, kemerahan, kepanasan dan pembengkakan sendi akibat masalah peningkatan perlekatan(deposition) kristal-kristal ‘monosodium urate’ pada sendi-sendi, tendon, tulang rawan (cartilage) dan sekeliling tisu- tisu lembut badan
Vaksin COVID-19: yang mana terbaik?
No full textANTARA VAKSIN COVID-19 PFIZER, SINOVAC DAN ASTRAZENECA, YANG MANAKAH VAKSIN TERBAIK?
Kalaulah ada di kalangan orang awam bertanya anda pasal vaksin covid-19, anda juga sebagai orang awam boleh menerangkan pada mereka yang kurang faham sekiranya anda mempunyai kefahaman asas seperti diterangkan dalam artikel ini. Ini bagi menangani hasutan oleh golongan yang tidak bertanggungjawab yang menakut-nakutkan orang awam berkenaan vaksin COVID-19
Phylogeography of horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus in the Indo-West Pacific
No full text西太平洋長期以來被公認為生物歧異度中心，探索各物種地理親緣關係，可瞭解此地區生物多樣性形成機制。本研究以分子遺傳標誌，粒線體 AT-rich片段，探討現今印度西太平洋地區活化石三棘鱟之遺傳變異。總樣本數為82隻個體採集自台灣、泰國暹羅灣(GT)及安達曼海(AB)三個地區，共五個族群；其中台灣地區包含金門(TK)、澎湖東衛(TD)及澎湖鐵線尾(TT)三個族群。
本研究以鄰接演算法建構三棘鱟族群之單型親緣關係及以最短距離網狀圖，並由化石紀錄及分子鐘評估分歧時間，支持漸新世晚期到中新世早期（21-27百萬年前）印度洋及西太平洋間族群的顯著分歧，並支持印度西太平洋板塊間之隔離作用。另推論中新世晚期到中期（17-21百萬年前）南中國海盆的持續擴張在阻礙三棘鱟基因交流上扮演關鍵角色。由族群成長係數及單峰之mismatch distribution分析支持暹羅灣族群急遽擴張現象，並推論其為受到冰期造成的海面及棲地波動的影響。另外發現鐵線尾三棘鱟族群曾發生嚴重的瓶頸效應，推論源於近年來族群數量衰減及於封閉海灣長久近親繁殖造成的結果。最後藉由三棘鱟地理親緣關係以及族群遺傳數據提出對印度西太平洋三棘鱟在保育上之建議。The Indo-West-Pacific region (IWP) hosts the highest marine biodiversity on earth. The concordance among different species can be used to deduct the common mechanism that forms the IWP marine biodiversity. Genetic variation of mitochondrial AT- rich region in the “living-fossil” horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, were revealed for 82 individuals collected from 5 populations in 3 regions, including southern Burma coast of Andaman Sea (AB), Angsila in Gulf of Thailand (GT), and Kinmen (TK), Donwei (TD), Tehsiwei (TT) in Taiwan.
Haplotype phylogeny constructed by neighbour-joining algorithm, the network derived from the minimum spanning network, and dating by fossil records demonstrated that a significantly deep divergence between the populations in Indian and Pacific Ocean, suggesting a pattern of Indian-Pacific tectonic plate divergence from late Oligocene to early Miocene (21-27 Ma). In addition, it also indicated that Taiwan population formed a significantly different clade from Gulf of Thailand divergence time indicates that South China Sea Basin might play an important role in retarding gene flow of between the T. tridentatus populations of southern and northern South China Sea from early Miocene to middle Miocene (17-21 Ma). The demography parameter and unimodal mismatch distribution indicates the sudden range expansion of T. tridentatus population in Gulf of Thailand and affected by sea level and habitat fluctuation during glaciations. The mismatch distribution indicated the bottleneck effect on Donwei population due to recent population size decline and inbreeding in this close bay. The implications of phylogeography and demography towards the T. tridentatus conservation in the IWP are also highlighted.Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Evolutionary history of Horseshoe crab 1
1.2 Life history and phylogeography of horseshoe crab 3
1.3 Marine biogeography in the Indo-West Pacific 5
1.4 Glacial effect on population demography of Tachypleus tridentatus 6
1.5 The question about phylogeography of horseshoe crab in the IWP 7
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 9
2.1 Collection of Samples 9
2.2 DNA extraction, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Sequencing 9
2.3 Phylogeny construction 10
2.4 Network analysis 11
2.5 Population genetics analyses 12
2.6 Demography 12
Chapter 3 Results 14
3.1 Phylogeny and Network Reconstruction 14
3.2 Population Structure 15
3.3 Demography 16
Chapter 4 Discussions 18
4.1 Ancient divergence of Tachypleus tridentatus? 18
4.2 Unexpected divergence in the South China Sea 19
4.3 Glacial effects on population demography 21
4.4 Implications for conservation 24
Chapter 5 Conclusion 26
Reference 28
Table 32
Figure 40
Appendix 4
Synthesis, Properties, and Solar-Cell Applications of Pentiptycene Incorporated Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s
No full text在本論文主要為含五苯荑之對苯乙烯聚合物之合成，並探討不同五苯荑比例對其光電性質之影響 ，以期應用於有機共軛高分子太陽能電池元件中。
本實驗室致力於五苯荑分子的官能化，並成功合成出雙溴五苯荑，曾利用雙溴五苯荑經Heck偶合反應合成出含五苯荑之聚對苯乙烯，但聚合效率不佳，因此我們轉為開發反應活性較高的雙碘五苯荑或不同核心架構的雙乙烯五苯荑來合成含五苯荑之聚對苯乙烯。在合成部分，以五苯荑醌為起始物，經過一系列的中心苯環官能基轉換，我們成功合成出雙碘五苯荑及雙乙烯五苯荑。雙碘五苯荑能以芳香環取代反應之方式有效地提升總產率，因此利用雙碘五苯荑進行含五苯荑之聚對苯乙烯的合成，成功合成出不同含五苯荑比例的PEN-ROPPV和PEN-3ROPPV高分子。於光物理性質部分，受到五苯荑立體效應影響，兩高分子相較於一般聚對苯乙烯在吸收和螢光光譜皆有藍位移，而PEN-3ROPPV含有較低比例的五苯荑，故相較於PEN-ROPPV較為紅位移；兩分子薄膜之吸收和螢光光譜與稀釋溶液態相當類似，文獻中指出五苯荑立體效應能有效避免高分子鏈間作用。電化學方面，兩分子之氧化為一不可逆之過程。根據兩分子之HOMO及LUMO，符合作為太陽能電池之基本條件，唯獨在能帶間隙上較寬，不利於吸收可見光。予體和受體之互混溶性為影響塊材異質接面太陽能電池因素之一，引進五苯荑欲提升對聚苯乙烯與PCBM之互溶混性，但在元件效率之表現，兩者皆相當低，推測可能原因有二：(一)、高分子無法有效吸收可見光導致捕光效率差；(二)、形態上予體和受體互溶混性並未構成有效通路。因此若要有效提升元件效率則需進行結構上的改質。In this thesis, we report the synthesis and electronic properties of pentiptycene-incorporated poly(phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs). We have also investigated the performance of these PPV-type derivatives as active materials for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells.
Our lab has been devoted to the synthesis of new pentiptycene building blocks, including dibromopentiptycene. We previously used dibromopentiptycene to synthesize pentiptycene-incorporated poly(phenylene vinylene)s by Heck coupling reactions, but the overall yield and polydispersity are poor. As a result, we turn to the more reactive diiodopentiptycene and the alterative building block divinylpentiptycene. We used pentiptycene quinone as the starting material and successfully obtained diiodopentiptycene and divinylpentiptycene through multistep synthesis, and particularly the SNAr reaction of a pentiptycene triflate. Two pentiptycene incorporated PPVs PEN-ROPPV and PEN-3ROPPV have been successfully prepared. These two polymers are blue-shifted in absorption and fluorescence spectra as compared to alkyl or alkoxy-substituted PPVs. The spectra of PEN-3ROPPV are somewhat red-shifted than those of PEN-ROPPV due to its lower fraction of the pentiptycene group. Their spectra in thin film are similar to those in dilute solutions, indicating negligible aggregation of polymers backbone.The cyclic voltammetric anodic curves of these two polymers are irreversible. The energy levels of their HOMOs and LUMOs are suitable for application in BHJ solar cells with PCBM as the electron acceptor. However, the power conversion efficiency are low partly owing to poor light harvesting of the sun light. Another possible factor that is responsible to the low efficiency of solar cells is the morphology even though we had expected that pentiptycene could interact well with PCBM
Kesan sampingan vaksin COVID-19 yang tidak memudaratkan
Get PDFVaksin covid-19 telah terbukti antara bentuk pencegahan yang terbaik dalam mengekang pandemik jangkitan covid-19 yang melanda dunia. Manfaat perlindungan dari suntikan vaksin ini adalah jauh pentingnya dari kesan kemudaratan kesan sampingannya.
Kesan sampingan adalah berbeza dari seorang kepada seorang yang lain. Sekiranya lagi ramai orang awam mengambil immunisasi covid-19, kita boleh melihat corak kesan sampingan yang dilaporkan oleh penerima vaksin. Maklumat yang diberikan dan dikongsi oleh penerima suntikan, boleh dikumpulkan dan sehingga kini, kita tidak boleh menjangka individu yang akan mengalami kesan sampingan suntikan vaksin.
Hasil laporan yang telah dibentangkan oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO), kesan sampingan vaksin yang dikumpulkan adalah ringan dan untuk jangka pendek sahaja.
Daripada hasil vaksinasi ini, sistem pertahanan badan (antibodi) akan melindungi kita dari serangan virus yang merbahaya ini. Proses ini kadangkala boleh menyebabkan kesan sampingan tetapi bukan semua mengalami kesan sampingannya.
Kebarangkalian untuk mendapat kesan sampingan (side effects) daripada suntikan vaksin juga bergantung kepada jenis spesifik vaksin yang disuntik sama ada vaksin tersebut keluaran Pfizer, Sinovac atau Oxford AstraZeneca atau pun jenis yang lain
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