5,063 research outputs found
Lubrication of rough copper with few-layer graphene
No full textIt has been demonstrated through experiments and simulations that friction decreases significantly when graphene is used as a solid lubricant on various materials. However, the effect of increasing the number of graphene layers on lubrication is controversial. Some studies predict an increase of friction with the number of layers that can be imputed to increased contact area, others a decrease in friction attributed to increased flexural rigidity of the layers. Herein, atomistic simulations are performed to investigate the atomic mechanisms by which few-layers graphene lubricate rough copper surfaces when probed by a smooth tip. The results of the simulations show that increasing the number of graphene layers drastically reduces friction, while the deformation mechanism is found to change from atomic wear to recoverable flattening of surface steps, as the amount of interlocking between the surfaces is reduced.Team Marcel Sluite
Delivery of gefitinib with an immunostimulatory nanocarrier improves therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer.
No full textBackground: Combining different cancer treatments represents a promising strategy to improve the
therapeutic outcome for lung cancer patients with or without druggable gene alterations.
Methods: We previously developed a polyethylene glycol-based (PEG-based) immunostimulatory
nanocarrier (PEG2k-Fmoc-NLG919) which can efficiently co-deliver an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) inhibitor and the chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel. This method was found to improve cancer therapy by simultaneously performing immuno- and chemo-therapy. However, whether this nanocarrier could deliver targeted drugs to implement targeted therapy together with immunotherapy remains unclear.
Results: Here, we report that the delivery of the classical tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), gefitinib, with the optimized PEG5k-Fmoc-NLG919 nanocarrier, increased the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to gefitinib in vitro. Gefitinib was gradually but sufficiently released from the nanocarrier with comparable capacity to inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity as using free gefitinib directly. More importantly, treatment with gefitinib-loaded PEG5k-Fmoc-NLG919 could suppress lung tumor development more efficiently than gefitinib alone in vivo by inducing an immune active microenvironment with more functional CD8+ T cells and less regulatory T cell infiltration.
Conclusions: Our study therefore demonstrates that delivery of small molecular targeted drugs with the immunostimulatory nanocarrier is a straightforward strategy for improving antitumor response for lung cancer therapy
Sediment transport over an accretional intertidal flat with influences of reclamation, Jiangsu coast, China
No full textThis paper focuses on the hydrodynamic and suspended sediment transport processes in response to sequential reclamations over the intertidal flat, Jiangsu coast, which used to be one of the widest intertidal flats in China. Investigations into the sediment transport patterns reveal that net suspended sediment fluxes increased from 102 kg m?1 on the upper intertidal flat to 103–4 kg m?1 on the lower intertidal flat, per tidal cycle. This variation was caused mainly by the phases of the current velocity, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), local bed geomorphology, inundation patterns, and extreme weather conditions. The longshore component of tidal currents intensifies seaward over the intertidal flat. Extreme weather conditions (e.g. storms) and strong winds were important factors affecting the current velocity structures, the intensity of residual currents, and the SSCs. The SSCs were characterized by several peaks throughout the tidal cycle. These peaks were associated with strong currents, combined wave-current interactions and intense turbulences due to the initial flood surge. Furthermore, the suspended sediment was finer and contained more clay materials during the flood phase of the tidal cycle, than during the ebb. Fine particles were transported within the upper water column by landward residual currents, but coarse particles were transported within the lower water column by seaward residual currents. Overall, residual currents were apt to transport fine-grained sediment landward and coarse-grained sediment seaward. This pattern indicates that the suspended sediment fluxes are highly variable in the water column, even for very shallow tidal environments. The cross-shore component accounted only for a small percentage of the total sediment flux. However, this part of sediment supply dominated accretion over the intertidal flat.The intertidal flat has become narrower and steeper, following sequential reclamations. A negative feedback process existed to maintain the convex profile shape, although the human activities (i.e. reclamation) could have modified the natural process. The surficial sediment tended to become finer on the mid-upper intertidal flat but coarser on the lower intertidal flat following reclamations, in response to a reduction in the tidal currents over the intertidal zone and enhancement of wave action over the lower intertidal flat. Accretion, with high rates, was maintained by landward transport of sediment. In such an accretional system with influences of reclamation, the width or slope of the intertidal flat is adjusted continuously. Before the cease of reclamation, the intertidal flat is unable to achieve an equilibrium shape
Microfabrication of conductive copper patterns by meniscus-confined electrodeposition
No full textComplex three-dimensional copper (Cu) wires have been successfully fabricated by meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) controlled by quasi-static stability of the meniscus. Here, we report a new dynamic meniscus stability based MCED process. The obtained copper microwires are straight, uniform in width and have a smooth surface (surface finish of 8.79nm (Ra)). When current density higher than 31.81 mA/cm(2), dense Cu microstructure is deposited on the cathode substrate, while current density between 12.13 mA/cm(2) and 31.81 mA/cm(2), sparsity structure was observed on the surface of the copper wire. This work provides a direct method to fabricate Cu microwires on conductive substrates without the use of additives
sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221094526 - Supplemental material for Clinical effects of prophylactic transverse colostomy in patients undergoing completely laparoscopic transabdominal approach partial intersphincteric resection
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221094526 for Clinical effects of prophylactic transverse colostomy in patients undergoing completely laparoscopic transabdominal approach partial intersphincteric resection by Honghong Zheng, Zhehong Li, Rui Su, Jianjun Li, Shuai Zheng, Ji Yang and Enhong Zhao in Journal of International Medical Research</p
sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028231155139 – Supplemental material for Endovascular Stent Graft Repair for Mycotic Aorto-Iliac Aneurysm Due to Brucella
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-jet-10.1177_15266028231155139 for Endovascular Stent Graft Repair for Mycotic Aorto-Iliac Aneurysm Due to Brucella by Jianjun Jiang, Wenchong Shao, Shuohao Shen, Guangzhen Li, Yang Liu, Xiangjiu Ding and Qingbo Su in Journal of Endovascular Therapy</p
sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028231155139 – Supplemental material for Endovascular Stent Graft Repair for Mycotic Aorto-Iliac Aneurysm Due to Brucella
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jet-10.1177_15266028231155139 for Endovascular Stent Graft Repair for Mycotic Aorto-Iliac Aneurysm Due to Brucella by Jianjun Jiang, Wenchong Shao, Shuohao Shen, Guangzhen Li, Yang Liu, Xiangjiu Ding and Qingbo Su in Journal of Endovascular Therapy</p
Highly efficient macrocycle and cage formation via hindered urea chemistry
No full textU of I OnlyDynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is a powerful tool that enables the synthesis of novel macrocycles, molecular cages, knots and frameworks, as well as the development of dynamic polymeric materials with unique properties. Hindered urea bond (HUB), a newly developed DCC, has found applications in dynamic materials designs such as self-healing, malleable, shape-memory or environmentally-adaptive materials. However, despite of the intensive research, study of this new, facile dynamic chemistry is still in its infancy. The potential of HUB in the formation of discrete structures in small molecular level is largely overlooked and not demonstrated. What’s more, a turning-off mechanism for HUB was not found which can severally limit the applications of HUB-based materials. Here we report the discovery of acid-assisted de-tert-butylation reaction that can instantly “turn off” the dynamicity of HUB, leading to improved chemical stabilities and mechanical properties of HUB-containing materials. We also demonstrated the use of dynamic HUB for the construction of urea macrocycles with very high efficiency. The bulky N-tert-butyl plays key roles to facilitate the formation of macrocycles, providing not only the kinetic control due to the formation of the cyclization-promoting cis C=O/tert-butyl conformation, but also possibly the thermodynamic stabilization of macrocycles with weak association interactions. Building upon the macrocyclization mechanism, we demonstrated that HUB can function as efficient cyclization enabling motif for cyclic peptides. Beyond macrocycles, HUB was also utilized to efficiently construct a series of structures with different topologies as well as urea cages, which were demonstrated to be able to separate important petrochemicals such as pyridine/toluene and benzene/cyclohexane.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Yingfeng Yang, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-09 at 04:30.The student, Yingfeng Yang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-09 at 05:03.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-14 at 15:30.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16816 on 2022-01-12 at 12:54:04Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Assessment of psychological pain in suicidal veterans.
No full textPsychological pain is a relatively understudied and potentially important construct in the evaluation of suicidal risk. Psychological pain also referred to as 'mental pain' or 'psychache' can be defined as an adverse emotional reaction to a severe trauma (e.g., the loss of a child) or may be associated with an illness such as depression. When psychological pain levels reach intolerable levels, some individuals may view suicide as the only and final means of escape. To better understand psychological pain, we previously developed and validated a brief self-rating 10-item scale, Mee-Bunney Psychological Pain Assessment Scale [MBP] in depressed patients and non-psychiatric controls. Our results showed a significant increase in psychological pain in the depressed patients compared to controls. We also observed a significant linear correlation between psychological pain and suicidality in the depressed patient cohort. The current investigation extends our study of psychological pain to a diagnostically heterogeneous population of 57 US Veterans enrolled in a suicide prevention program. In addition to the MBP, we administered the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Suicidal patients scoring above a predetermined threshold for high psychological pain also had significantly elevated scores on all the other assessments. Among all of the evaluations, psychological pain accounted for the most shared variance for suicidality (C-SSRS). Stepwise regression analyses showed that impulsiveness (BIS) and psychological pain (MBP) contributed more to suicidality than any of the other combined assessments. We followed patients for 15 months and identified a subgroup (24/57) with serious suicide events. Within this subgroup, 29% (7/24) had a serious suicidal event (determined by the lethality subscale of the C-SSRS), including one completed suicide. Our results build upon our earlier findings and recent literature supporting psychological pain as a potentially important construct. Systematically evaluating psychological pain along with additional measures of suicidality could improve risk assessment and more effectively guide clinical resource allocation toward prevention
sj-pdf-1-ang-10.1177_00033197221082712 – Supplemental Material for Long-Term Blood Pressure Exposure From Childhood and Early Vascular Aging in Midlife: A 30-Year Prospective Cohort Study
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ang-10.1177_00033197221082712 for Long-Term Blood Pressure Exposure From Childhood and Early Vascular Aging in Midlife: A 30-Year Prospective Cohort Study by Yu Yan, Yu Cao, Qiong Ma, Keke Wang, Yueyuan Liao, Yue Sun, Chen Chen, Jiawen Hu, Wenling Zheng, Chao Chu, Yang Wang, and Jianjun Mu in Angiology</p
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