137 research outputs found
Long-Term Collaboration Network Based on ClinicalTrials.gov Database in the Pharmaceutical Industry
No full textIncreasing costs, risks, and productivity problems in the pharmaceutical industry are important recent issues in the biomedical field. Open innovation is proposed as a solution to these issues. However, little statistical analysis related to collaboration in the pharmaceutical industry has been conducted so far. Meanwhile, not many cases have analyzed the clinical trials database, even though it is the information source with the widest coverage for the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study is to test the clinical trials information as a probe for observing the status of the collaboration network and open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. This study applied the social network analysis method to clinical trials data from 1980 to 2016 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Data were divided into four time periods—1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s—and the collaboration network was constructed for each time period. The characteristic of each network was investigated. The types of agencies participating in the clinical trials were classified as a university, national institute, company, or other, and the major players in the collaboration networks were identified. This study showed some phenomena related to the pharmaceutical industry that could provide clues to policymakers about open innovation. If follow-up studies were conducted, the utilization of the clinical trial database could be further expanded, which is expected to help open innovation in the pharmaceutical industry
Expanding Our Understanding of COVID-19 from Biomedical Literature Using Word Embedding
No full textA better understanding of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is urgently required to address this health crisis. Numerous researchers and pharmaceutical companies are working on developing vaccines and treatments; however, a clear solution has yet to be found. The current study proposes the use of artificial intelligence methods to comprehend biomedical knowledge and infer the characteristics of COVID-19. A biomedical knowledge base was established via FastText, a word embedding technique, using PubMed literature from the past decade. Subsequently, a new knowledge base was created using recently published COVID-19 articles. Using this newly constructed knowledge base from the word embedding model, a list of anti-infective drugs and proteins of either human or coronavirus origin were inferred to be related, because they are located close to COVID-19 on the knowledge base. This study attempted to form a method to quickly infer related information about COVID-19 using the existing knowledge base, before sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 is accumulated. With COVID-19 not completely overcome, machine learning-based research in the PubMed literature will provide a broad guideline for researchers and pharmaceutical companies working on treatments for COVID-19
Discovering action insights from large-scale assessment log data using machine learning
No full textAbstract This study introduces a novel machine learning algorithm that combines natural language processing techniques, such as Word2Vec and Doc2Vec, with neural networks to identify and validate significant actions within human action sequences. Using the 2012 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies dataset, the algorithm visualizes and analyzes action sequences in a 2D vector space to uncover high-impact behaviors that influence performance. The methodology, validated across two problem sets (“Party Invitation” and “Club Membership”), successfully distinguishes performance groups by focusing on critical actions, leading to enhanced classification accuracy (up to 94.6%) and clustering coherence (silhouette score of 0.491). This approach demonstrates potential applications in personalized education, healthcare diagnostics, and consumer behavior prediction, advancing the understanding of human behavior through digital footprints
Performance Assessment of Large Language Models in Medical Consultation: Comparative Study
No full textBackgroundThe recent introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) as an interactive consultant has sparked interest in evaluating its applicability in medical discussions and consultations, particularly within the domain of depression.
ObjectiveThis study evaluates the capability of large language models (LLMs) in AI to generate responses to depression-related queries.
MethodsUsing the PubMedQA and QuoraQA data sets, we compared various LLMs, including BioGPT, PMC-LLaMA, GPT-3.5, and Llama2, and measured the similarity between the generated and original answers.
ResultsThe latest general LLMs, GPT-3.5 and Llama2, exhibited superior performance, particularly in generating responses to medical inquiries from the PubMedQA data set.
ConclusionsConsidering the rapid advancements in LLM development in recent years, it is hypothesized that version upgrades of general LLMs offer greater potential for enhancing their ability to generate “knowledge text” in the biomedical domain compared with fine-tuning for the biomedical field. These findings are expected to contribute significantly to the evolution of AI-based medical counseling systems
A novel machine learning-based prediction method for patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms using a small data.
No full textA novel machine learning-based prediction method for patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms using a small data.
No full textThe prediction of depression is a crucial area of research which makes it one of the top priorities in mental health research as it enables early intervention and can lead to higher success rates in treatment. Self-reported feelings by patients represent a valuable biomarker for predicting depression as they can be expressed in a lower-dimensional network form, offering an advantage in visualizing the interactive characteristics of depression-related feelings. Furthermore, the network form of data expresses high-dimensional data in a compact form, making the data easy to use as input for the machine learning processes. In this study, we applied the graph convolutional network (GCN) algorithm, an effective machine learning tool for handling network data, to predict depression-prone patients using the network form of self-reported log data as the input. We took a data augmentation step to expand the initially small dataset and fed the resulting data into the GCN algorithm, which achieved a high level of accuracy from 86-97% and an F1 (harmonic mean of precision and recall) score of 0.83-0.94 through three experimental cases. In these cases, the ratio of depressive cases varied, and high accuracy and F1 scores were observed in all three cases. This study not only demonstrates the potential for predicting depression-prone patients using self-reported logs as a biomarker in advance, but also shows promise in handling small data sets in the prediction, which is critical given the challenge of obtaining large datasets for biomarker research. The combination of self-reported logs and the GCN algorithm is a promising approach for predicting depression and warrants further investigation
Research Trend Visualization by MeSH Terms from PubMed
No full textMotivation: PubMed is a primary source of biomedical information comprising search tool function and the biomedical literature from MEDLINE which is the US National Library of Medicine premier bibliographic database, life science journals and online books. Complimentary tools to PubMed have been developed to help the users search for literature and acquire knowledge. However, these tools are insufficient to overcome the difficulties of the users due to the proliferation of biomedical literature. A new method is needed for searching the knowledge in biomedical field. Methods: A new method is proposed in this study for visualizing the recent research trends based on the retrieved documents corresponding to a search query given by the user. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) are used as the primary analytical element. MeSH terms are extracted from the literature and the correlations between them are calculated. A MeSH network, called MeSH Net, is generated as the final result based on the Pathfinder Network algorithm. Results: A case study for the verification of proposed method was carried out on a research area defined by the search query (immunotherapy and cancer and “tumor microenvironment”). The MeSH Net generated by the method is in good agreement with the actual research activities in the research area (immunotherapy). Conclusion: A prototype application generating MeSH Net was developed. The application, which could be used as a “guide map for travelers”, allows the users to quickly and easily acquire the knowledge of research trends. Combination of PubMed and MeSH Net is expected to be an effective complementary system for the researchers in biomedical field experiencing difficulties with search and information analysis
- …
