453 research outputs found
A comparison of biohydrodynamic interaction within mangrove and saltmarsh boundaries
No full textMangrove forests and saltmarshes are recognized for their roles in wave and current attenuation, although a comparison of in situ observations between woody and herbaceous plants is needed in order to understand the different mechanisms of bio-physical interaction within coastal wetlands. The aim of our study was to compare the mechanisms of flow reduction and energy dissipation by mangrove trees and saltmarsh grass in a subtropical area where tidal currents dominate. Fieldwork was conducted to measure the hydrodynamic processes occurring at the boundaries between a bare mudflat and vegetated tidal flat, as the flow transitions from a bare mudflat to either mangrove or saltmarsh. Synchronous ADV measurements at three sites revealed that the mangrove was more effective than the saltmarsh grass at flow reduction. In addition, a considerable rotation in flow direction was observed as the flow entered the mangrove trees, while rotation was considerably less pronounced within the saltmarsh edge. The mechanism for this difference was explained through a combination of changes in drag force and eddy viscosity over the two vegetation types. Although overall the mangrove was observed to dissipate energy more effectively than the saltmarsh, the relative efficiency of the vegetation at dissipating turbulent energy was found to vary with the maximum water level of tidal cycle. When the maximum water level remained below the mangrove canopy bottom (‘bio-line’), the energy dissipation ability of the mangrove was relatively low, a result of the presence of rigid, sparse trunks rather than denser saltmarsh grass found near the bed; when the maximum water level was sufficiently high to reach the mangrove canopy, the ability of the mangrove to dissipate energy was significantly increased, becoming more effective than the saltmarsh grass
Differential sediment trapping abilities of mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation a subtropical estuary
No full textSaltmarsh and mangrove are common coastal wetland types and their ability to enhance deposition has been investigated extensively, but rarely compared directly. This study carried out in situ observations to compare the sediment transport processes between a bare mudflat, a mangrove stand and a saltmarsh stand within a subtropical estuary. Turbidity variations over the latter portion of a spring tide were recorded, alongside measurements of flow data, to estimate sediment trapping by hydraulic forces under similar hydroperiods. In addition, vegetation was transplanted to compare the direct sediment trapping by high- and short-standing seedlings. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) time series showed an overall reduction between the bare mudflat and the vegetated flats. Suspended sediment flux estimates revealed that a considerable amount of sediment was trapped by the saltmarsh and the mangrove edges. The flux estimates find that the saltmarsh edge is more efficient than the mangrove edge in trapping sediments transported normal to the edge. The sediment trapping mechanisms were considered based on two approaches: the hydrodynamic related sediment settling and direct trapping by vegetation. The calculation of deposition tendency showed that the presence of vegetation altered the flow direction and the tidal asymmetry of the deposition process, resulting in a higher deposition tendency during the flood phase to enhance sediment settling. In addition to sediment settling, vegetation surfaces were found to trap sediments directly. In combination with rinsing by precipitation, these trapped sediments accumulated on the bed and contributed to the deposition. Against the background of similar inundation periods, the saltmarsh grass showed a greater sediment trapping ability than the mangrove trees, in terms of both the hydraulic sediment trapping and the direct trapping by vegetation surface
sj-docx-3-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-3-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-docx-4-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-4-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-docx-6-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-6-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-docx-5-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-5-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-png-2-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-2-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-docx-7-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-7-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-png-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 – Supplemental material for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-png-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221143245 for Chest X-ray features facilitate screening for pulmonary hypertension caused by fibrosing mediastinitis by Mingfang Zhou, Bo Li, Yaling Chen, Aqian Wang, Yining Zhu, Yu Li, Hongling Su, Jingchun Fan, Yan Zhang and Yunshan Cao in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
Structural and morphological transformations of mesostructure titanium phosphate through hydrothermal treatment
No full textThe phase transformation of mesostructured titanium phosphate (TiPO) from hexagonal to lamellar structure was observed in a simply hydrothermal treatment, accompanied by drastically morphological changes in the micrometer-sized particles. XRD pattern revealed that different mesostructures were obtained by simply varying hydrothermal temperature or treatment duration. SEM and TEM observations showed the morphological evolution from individual particles to interconnected nanoplatelets. A significant blue shift in UV-vis spectra was observed for lamellar mesostructured material, which may be associated with the different coordinated Ti-sites in the hexagonal and lamellar mesostructures. FT-IR spectra and detailed (31)P MAS NMR studies indicated that additional POH groups were presented in the lamellar structure, which might play a key role in the structural and morphological transformations of mesostructures.Lianzhou Wang, Zhimin Yan, Shizhang Qiao, G.Q. Max Lua, Yining Huan
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