55 research outputs found
Incidence, clinical features and impact on anti-tuberculosis treatment of anti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (ATLI) in China.
No full textBackgroundAnti-tuberculosis drug induced liver injury (ATLI) is emerging as a significant threat to tuberculosis control in China, though limited data is available about the burden of ATLI at population level. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of ATLI, to better understand its clinical features, and to evaluate its impact on anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment in China.Methodology/principal findingsIn a population-based prospective study, we monitored 4,304 TB patients receiving directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) treatment, and found that 106 patients developed ATLI with a cumulative incidence of 2.55% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.04%-3.06%). Nausea, vomiting and anorexia were the top three most frequently observed symptoms. There were 35 (33.02%) ATLI patients with no symptoms, including 8 with severe hepatotoxicity. Regarding the prognosis of ATLI, 84 cases (79.25%) recovered, 18 (16.98%) improved, 2 (1.89%) failed to respond to the treatment with continued elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase, and 2 (1.89%) died as result of ATLI. Of all the ATLI cases, 74 (69.81%) cases changed their anti-TB treatment, including 4 (3.77%) cases with medication administration change, 21 (19.81%) cases with drugs replacement, 54 (50.94%) cases with therapy interruption, and 12 (11.32%) cases who discontinued therapy. In terms of treatment outcomes, 53 (51.46%) cases had TB cured in time, 48 (46.60%) cases had therapy prolonged, and 2 (1.94%) cases died. Compared with non-ATLI patients, ATLI patients had a 9.25-fold (95%CI, 5.69-15.05) risk of unsuccessful anti-TB treatment outcomes and a 2.11-fold (95%CI, 1.23-3.60) risk of prolonged intensive treatment phase.Conclusions/significanceATLI could considerably impact the outcomes of anti-TB treatment. Given the incidence of ATLI and the size of TB population in China, the negative impact is substantial. Therefore, more research and efforts are warranted in order to enhance the diagnosis and the prevention of ATLI
Corrigendum to ‘Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Congenital Cervical Spinal Stenosis’ [World Neurosurgery 141 (2020) e645-e650] (World Neurosurgery (2020) 141(e645-e650) (S1878875020312250), (10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.252))
No full text© 2020 Elsevier Inc. The authors regret that the author Bryan S. Lee, M.D. was incorrectly omitted from the final publication. The author list should read as follows: Karam Atli, Vikram Chakravarthy, Aleem I. Khan, Bryan S. Lee, Don Moore, Michael P. Steinmetz, Thomas E. Mroz. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Deletion of macro domain containing 2(MACRO D2) associated with transient hydrops fetalis
No full textCilingir, I. Uzun (Trakya Author)
Sayin, Niyazi Cenk (Trakya Author)
Gurkan, H.(Trakya Author)
Ciftdemir, N. A. (Trakya Author)
Atli, E. (Trakya Author)
Inan, C. (Trakya Author)
Erzincan, S. (Trakya Author)
Sutcu, H. (Trakya Author)
Vatansever, U. (Trakya Author)
Varol, Fusun (Trakya Author)Macro Domain Containing 2 (MACRO D2) gene is a gene from macro family which is highly expressed in the ventriculer zone of the brain during embryonic development. Association between Autism spectrum disorders and MACRO D2 gene polymorphisms has been reported before [1] . Deletion in MACRO D2 gene has also been associated with Kabuki Syndrome which is a well described congential anomaly syndrome [2]
5-Axis Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogen Pressure Vessels: With Liquid Crystal Polymers
No full textTraditional manufacturing techniques for hydrogen pressure vessels have inherent constraints in the possible geometrical and structural optimisation. Using 5-axis Additive Manufacturing (AM) allows for a far greater shaping freedom. This thesis will provide a new manufacturing method for pressure vessels with 5-axis AM. Using the highly anisotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) provides both the required hydrogen permeability performance, for storing gaseous hydrogen, as well as opening up a large potential for structural optimisation. LCPs in their additively manufactured form are tested for hydrogen permeability, in order to asses the effect of AM on the bulk permeability properties of this material. Furthermore the 5-axis AM process is developed for LCP pressure vessels, culminating in a series of pressure tests on additively manufactured specimens. These specimens provide a proof of concept for the manufacturing method, which is a starting point for expanding the geometrical and structural optimisation of pressure vessels designs.Aerospace Engineerin
Use of Aerospace thermoplastic composite production waste: Designing new applications through reshaping of thermoplastic composite strips
No full textThermoplastic composite materials are increasingly used in aircraft construction due to their high-mechanical properties, toughness, rapid processing rates and reprocessing possibilities at their end-of-life. In the production thermoplastic composite parts, 10-40% of the material remains unused, so-called production waste. Despite being a high-performance material that can be re-processed, real-world applications of the material into structures or products are lacking. This research explores how the thermoplastic composite production waste material can be utilised by designers and engineers, by demonstrating its use in a design process of new applications. This exploration resulted in the design of a structural member, that can be tailored to a specific function, and a design of a pedestrian bridge, which aims to stimulate the creative use of the material. By evaluating the design process, a framework is proposed which engineers and designers can utilise to design new applications from composite waste material.Double degree in Aerospace Engineering and Industrial Design EngineeringIntegrated Product DesignAerospace Engineerin
Microstructure formation in tow spreading
No full textIn recent years, lightweight composites have become increasingly popular in several industries for the benefits they offer such as high strength to weight ratio, cost efficiency, tailorable properties and superior mechanical performance. The performance of these lightweight composites can be further optimized by using spread tows as a reinforcement solution. Tow spreading is a process of flattening fibre tows into thinner and wider tapes with a low aerial weight which increases resin impregnation of fibres, lowers void content in impregnated tows and produces lightweight composites with improved damage tolerance. The majority of tow spreading technology however is owned by companies in the form of intellectual property and patents thus limiting the scientific understanding of the process. This aspect leaves tow spreading open as a field of research for exploration and investigation. While some previous studies have investigated the process of tow spreading, the applicability of these studies has so far been limited in their experimental apparatus. These studies identified the gap that exists between the sophisticated industrial technology and the research setups hence providing an incentive to further develop an experimental facility that generates a deeper understanding of the current industrial practices in tow spreading. In this research, a mechanical tow spreader was developed that utilizes cylindrical spreader bars to facilitate the spreading of fibres. This was followed by an experimental analysis where different input parameters in the tow spreader such as tension, spreader bar orientation, heat and speed among others were investigated to understand their influence on spreading behaviour. Lastly, a microstructural investigation of spread tow was conducted where a technique to capture the spread of fibres in the tow was developed and microstructural samples were generated. These samples were then observed under a microscope to visualize the evolution of fibre distribution as the tow spreads.Aerospace Engineerin
Limiting microcracks and hydrogen permeability in thermoplastic composites for LH2 storage
No full textThe Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR) together with Toray Advanced Composites and 12 other parties take part in the Netherlands liquid hydrogen (LH2) composite tank consortium which is funded by the Netherlands research & development mobility (RDM) Fund. The goal of the RDM project NLR takes part in is to develop a long-life, fully composite LH2 tank for civil aviation. Microcracking and the subsequent hydrogen permeation remain the biggest challenges. This study encompasses three fundamental facets to test and select composite materials: a comprehensive investigation into material behavior, the formulation of a Finite Element Method (FEM) model, and a partial experimental verification of said FEM model. The latter integral component involves an extensive testing system that includes room temperature and cryogenic tensile tests, permeability assessments, and microcrack evaluations facilitated by optical microscopy. During the experiments there is focussed on the critical microcrack density and material selection criteria such as ply thickness.Aerospace Engineerin
Epigenetic Alterations in Hematologic Malignancies
No full textEpigenetic control is necessary for tissue homeostasis, which is preserved through the self-renewal and differentiation of somatic stem cells, as well as for development. Leukemia stem cells and self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells are both maintained by epigenetic regulators, according to mounting evidence. In hematologic malignancies, recent genome-wide comprehensive investigations have discovered mutations in genes that regulate epigenetic processes, including genes whose products change DNA and histones. Both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic regulators, such as transcription factors, signal transduction pathways, and niche factors, affect hematopoietic stem cells. However, little is known about the process through which epigenetic regulators work in conjunction with these elements to maintain blood homeostasis. With an emphasis on the function of DNA-methylation modulators in hematopoietic cells and their offspring, we review current discoveries in the epigenetic control of hematopoiesis in this chapter. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The total syntheses of (+)-crotanecine, (-)-hastanecine and (-)-rosmarinecine utilizing the tandem (4+2)/(3+2) cycloadditions of nitroalkenes
No full textA short and efficient asymmetric synthesis of the pyrrolizidine necine base ()-hastanecine is described. The key reaction in the synthesis is a sequential inter (4+2) /inter (3+2) cycloaddition. The Lewis acid promoted (4+2) cycloaddition between 2-acyloxy nitroalkene 90 and chiral vinyl ether (+)-28 afforded a nitronate which underwent facile (3+2) cycloaddition with dimethyl maleate. The resulting nitroso acetal ()-96 had all the required stereocenters for ()-hastanecine. The critical unmasking of the nitroso acetal ()-96 employed a hydrogenolytic cleavage to give the 1-azabicyclo (3.3.0) octane skeleton of ()-hastanecine.()-Rosmarinecine 42 is the necine base portion of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid ()-rosmarinine. ()-Rosmarinecine is a representative of that group of pyrrolizidines which bear a cis relationship between adjacent stereocenters C(1), C(7) and C(7a) in addition to a highly oxygenated skeleton. ()-Rosmarinecine has been synthesized in 8 steps and 14.8% overall yield, as an illustration of a general approach for the construction of pyrrolizidines bearing this stereochemical feature. The key step in the asymmetric synthesis is a Lewis acid-promoted, tandem inter (4+2) /intra (3+2) cycloaddition between a fumaroyloxynitroalkene 165 and a chiral vinyl ether ()-29.Numerous alkaloids contain (+)-crotanecine 36 as it necine constituent. (+)-Crotanecine which is an all cis substituted necine has been prepared in 10 steps and 10.2% overall yield. The key steps in the asymmetric synthesis is a Lewis acid-promoted, tandem inter (4+2) /intra (3+2) cycloaddition between a fumaroyloxynitroalkene 165 and a chiral propenyl ether ()-222 and a solvolytic elimination of a mesylate to install the unsaturation at C(6)-C(7).Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Preventive use of hepatoprotectors yields limited efficacy on the liver toxicity of anti-tuberculosis agents in a large cohort of Chinese patients
No full textBackground and AimsWe aimed to explore the effectiveness of preventive usage of hepatoprotectors in patients with tuberculosis (TB) receiving anti-TB treatment. MethodsWith stratified cluster sampling strategy, a prospective cohort with 4488 sputum smears positive pulmonary TB patients was established from 52 counties of four regions in China. During anti-TB treatment, prescriptions of hepatoprotectors were documented in detail, and liver enzymes were routinely monitored. Anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) was assessed based on liver enzymes following the criteria of American Thoracic Society. The incidence of ATLI between the preventive usage group and reference group was compared by propensity score adjusted Cox proportional hazard analysis. Preexisting diseases, history of liver disease, hepatitis B surface antigen status, primary/re-treatment of TB, income per year, and liver enzymes before anti-TB treatment were included in the propensity score model. ResultsAfter 6-9 months of follow-up and monitoring, 4304 patients sustained in our cohort. Two thousand seven hundred fifty-two (63.9%) patients preventively took hepatoprotectors with a median course of 183 days. Most frequently used drugs were Hu Gan Pian, silymarin, glucurone, and inosine. Two thousand one hundred forty-four (77.9%) patients took those drugs more than 6 months. Sixty-nine (2.4%) patients of preventive usage group and 37 (2.5%) of reference group experienced ATLI, respectively. Statistical significances were not found by propensity score analysis for the association between using hepatoprotectors (hazard ratio[HR]=0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-1.52), using hepatoprotectors in the whole course (HR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.60-1.48), using Hu Gan Pians, silymarin, glucurone, and inosine with ATLI occurrence. ConclusionsNo preventive effect of hepatoprotectors was observed in patients receiving anti-TB treatment.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000350140500020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Gastroenterology & HepatologySCI(E)[email protected]
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