517,785 research outputs found
Literal means and hidden meanings : a new analysis of skillful means
No full textSkillful means is usually used by scholars and Buddhists to denote the following simple
idea: the Buddha skillfully adapted his teaching to the level of his audience.1
This very broad and somewhat oversimplified definition tries to incorporate the
whole range of Buddhist views on the subject. However, it does not help to explain
why there is an extensive use of the term in central Mahayana su tras while
pre-Mahayana texts are almost completely silent on this issue. I suggest that skillful
means has not always been an all-Buddhist concept; rather, it was developed by
Mahayanists as a radical hermeneutic device. As such, skillful means is a provocative
and sophisticated idea that served the purpose of advancing a new religious ideology
in the face of an already established canonical knowledge. The Mahayana use
of the concept exhibits an awareness, not found in pre-Mahayana thought, of a gap
between what texts literally say and their hidden meaning
Su Ürünlerinin İnsanlara Olan Zararları
No full textSu ürünleri, insanlarýn besin gereksinimi karþýlamasý-nýn yanýnda birçok saðlýk sorununun çözümü için de yararlandýklarý önemli kaynaklar arasýndadýr. Ancak su ürünleri bu yararlarýnýn yanýnda, bazý türlerinin saldýrýcý ve yýrtýcý, bazýlarýnýn elektriki organlara sahip ve diðer birgrup ise fanerotoksik (açýk zehirli) ya da kriptotoksik (gizli zehirli) o l u þ u y l a i n s a n s a ð l ý ð ý n ý n bozulmasýna ve hatta hayatýnýn s o n l a n m a s ý n a n e d e n olabilmektedirler. Bu çalýþma da insanlar için tehlikeli oluþturabilen su ürünleri tanýtýlarak, insanlara olan etkileri üzerinde durulmaktadýr
Sospechosos en la verdad de lo que pasa ante ellos. Los escribanos de la Corte en el Siglo de Oro: sus impericias, errores y vicios
No full textTras unas consideraciones generales acerca de los escribanos en el Antiguo Régimen, el articulo
se centra en los que ejercen en la Corte madrileña de los Austrias —sus clases y competencias—
y particularmente en los escribanos del crimen. Dependientes de la Sala de alcaldes de
casa y corte, sus atribuciones y libertad de acción eran muy extensos; como también los
excesos, abusos y transgresiones que cometían —estudiados, por ejemplo, a partir de su
imagen literaria o de una visita de 1608—, dentro de la lógica de la tolerancia que el poder
mostraba hacia esos comportamientos ilícitos.Following some general remarks on scribes during the Old Regime, the article focuses on the
types and functions of scribes attached to the Habsburg court in Madrid, and in particular
to its criminal tribunals. Working under the «Sala de alcaldes de casa y corte», the officers
charged with oversight of matters affecting the court, these scribes were endowed with quite
extensive powers and freedom of action. Hence too the many excesses, abuses and
transgressions they committed, studied here in terms of their image in contemporary literature
or as documented in a judicial visitation of 1608, which suggest an attitude of official
tolerance of such illicit behavior.Publicad
Geochemical characteristics of mid-ocean ridge basalts
No full textMajor and trace element (Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Sc, Ni, Co, Cr, V) data are presented on ten mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), together with a basalt sample from the offshore slope of the Yap Trench and a basalt from the Tertiary ophiolite complex of eastern Taiwan. Rare earth element (REE) and Sr isotope data are presented on eight of the samples, together with REE data on U.S.G.S. standard rock, BHVO-1. A strong correlation exists between percent TiO2 (proportional to amount of melting) and Al2O3/TiO2, CaO/TiO2 ratios of these close to primary MORB. These ratios increase up to a maximum (about 20 and 17 respectively) as TiO2 decreases, indicating a progressive release of Al and Ca from the mantle source. The limiting values of the ratios are close to chondritic and are reached at about 0.8% TiO2. At this high degree of melting, the major Al- and Ca-bearing mineral phases are eliminated from the mantle residue. Model calculations on the major element data indicate that MORB with 0.7% and 1.5% TiO2 could represent about 25 and 15% melting (respectively). This modelling is consistent with the abundances of the first transition series metals (Sc to Ni), which are also interpretable in terms of degree of partial melting and residual mineralogy.Based on the REE data, the samples can be divided into depleted types (typical of “normal” MORB), and enriched types (the so-called “plume” and “transitional” types). Despite the range of (La/Sm)N in these samples (0.38–1.97) the Ti/Zr ratios remain close to chondritic (about 110) indicating that these two elements have a similar degree of incompatibility at this level of melting. Chondritic normalized patterns for typical “normal” (N)- and “plume” (P)-type MORB are presented for the REE and K, Nb, U, Th, Ba, Rb and Cs and it is suggested that this represents an increasing order of element incompatibility in MORB. The behaviour of Y, Ti, Zr, P and Sr relative to the REE is also discussed and it is shown that for most primitive MORB, Y = Ho, Ti = Eu, Zr = Sm, P = Nd and Sr is between Ce and Nd. In addition the Zr/Nb ratio correlates with the La/Sm ratio. This element correlation can be used to predict the general shape of REE patterns.The Sr isotope data are discussed in terms of already published data from the three oceans. It is suggested that P-type MORB originate from depleted mantle sources which only recently (say ?300 m.y.) were added to by an incompatible-element-rich phase. Various models proposed to explain both the depletion in N-type, enrichment in the P-type MORB sources and the proposed mantle heterogeneity are discussed. It is concluded that mantle depletion is due to a continuing process rather than an episodic event in the early Archaean or 1.6 b.y. ago
Optimal Power Management for Grid-Connected Microgrid Considering Modelling of Different Electricity Cost and Battery Degradation Cost
No full text
[[alternative]]The Effects of Web-Assisted Instruction of LEGO Dacta on Elementary Students' Problem- Solving
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the Web- assisted instruction of LEGO Dacta on elementary students' problem- solving attitude. The author-designed Web-assisted course of Lego Dacta were developed according to the related references. A pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was employed to measure the differences of students' problem- solving attitude under the conditions of two different teaching methods. The major results of this research were as follows:
1. There was a significant improvement in problem solving attitude of the experimental group students who received the Web-assisted course of Lego Dacta.
2. There was no difference in problem solving attitude between the experimental group students and the control group students.
3. Most of the experimental group students thought that the Web-assisted course of Lego Dacta was good and could promote their learning motivation.
Los estudiantes católicos de la universidad de Valencia (1875-1936)
No full textDesde 1875 a 1936, una parte de los estudiantes universitarios participó activamente en las concepciones políticas del
catolicismo. Este artículo se centra en el caso de los estudiantes de la universidad de Valencia. Estos universitarios desarrollaron una activa participación política, dieron formas estables de asociación en las que reforzaron sus vínculos y relaciones, y se opusieron a las actividades de los estudiantes liberales y de izquierdas. Para ello contaron con notables apoyos exteriores que aspiraban a conquistar las universidades.From 1875 to 1936, some of the university students actively took part in the political conceptions of Catholicism. Focused especially on the students from the University of Valencia, this article shows how they were actively involved in political issues, created steady societies in which their ties and relations grew stronger,
and worked against the activities of the liberal and left-wing students. To achieve all this, they relied on outstanding contacts from the outside world, aimed at gaining control of the universities.Publicad
A Study on Efficacy of Body-Mind-Spirit Empowerment and Education Group for Women with Breast Cancer：A Pilot Study
No full text目的：本研究目的(1)了解身心靈賦能暨衛教團體對於降低乳癌婦女焦慮和身心靈鬱結狀態之效果，以及(2)乳癌婦女對於團體治療如何產生療效之主觀看法。法：本研究採隨機控制試驗(randomized controlled trial)設計。於2007年10月至2008年4月於台北市某醫學中心乳癌外科門診和乳癌基金會收案，以單純隨機方式將研究對象分成實驗組和控制組，最後完成研究的人數實驗組為11人，控制組為10人。實驗組除了接受醫院例行性門診照護外，另有8週精神科護理人員和腫瘤科護理人員共同帶領的身心靈賦能暨衛教團體，每週一次，一次團體120分鐘。對照組僅接受醫院門診的例行性照護。成效測量以結構式自填量表，於實驗前後測量，測量量表為「焦慮狀態量表」、「鬱結量表」。實驗組個案於最後一次團體時，以半結構式訪談團體成員，所獲得的質性資料來了解產生療效的過程。果：經研究結果所收集資料顯示，實驗組和控制組之鬱結和焦慮狀態量表分數於八週實驗後皆有下降情形。經Mann-Whitney U test 檢定兩組前後進步值，發現兩組於鬱結量表(Z = -.353，p=.756)，焦慮狀態量表(Z= -.388，p= .705)，並無顯著差異。質性結果發現，乳癌患者身體困擾包括疲倦、失眠、疼痛、和手活動受限。心理困擾有焦慮、情緒低落、無望感。靈性困擾包含自責、質疑生命存在的意義、覺得自己是孤獨的。分析乳癌患者對於身心靈賦能暨衛教團體療效機轉的看法共產生7個療效層面：傳達資訊、灌輸希望、普同感、情緒宣洩、社交技巧發展、存在因素和自我了解。結果說明藉由團體療效機轉的產生，降低乳癌患者焦慮、改善情緒低落和對於疾病的不確定感、增加對疾病復原信心、知覺生命是有希望的、重建社交網絡和重新面對自己找回生命意義和目標。論：精神科和腫瘤科護理人員合作之身心靈賦能暨衛教團體，可藉由精神科護理人員運用其團體治療的知識及身心靈賦能的技能，使乳癌婦女感受團體成員支持力量，並提升自我內在正向的力量。腫瘤科護理人員運用其腫瘤專業領域，提供關於疾病之相關衛教知識，以改善乳癌婦女身心靈的困擾。未來研究可根據此模式加以擴大研究樣本以檢驗其效果。Aims：The aims of this study were to understand (1) the effects of body-mind-spirit empowerment and education group on reducing the sense of anxiety and status of stagnation for women with breast cancer, and to examine (2) what aspects of group therapy worked to contribute to the therapeutic effects in the views of women with breast cancer. ethods：This study was a randomized controlled trail design. The subjects were recruited from outpatient department of breast cancer surgery of medical centre in Taipei and Foundation of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment from October 2007 to April 2008. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group by using simple random method. The eleven subjects in the experimental group and the ten subjects in the control group completed this study. The subjects in the experimental group received both the physician’s usual care of the outpatient department and the eight-session group therapy, with each session lasting for 120 minutes weekly. The group therapy was provided by one psychiatric nurse and one oncology nurse. The subjects in the control group received physician’s usual care of the outpatient department only. The outcome measures included State Anxiety Inventory and Stagnation Scale and they were assessed at pre and post treatments. In the last session of group therapy, the subjects in the experimental group were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview regarding their views on the therapeutic mechanisms of group therapy.esults：The scores of the scale of State Anxiety Inventory and Stagnation Scale after 8-week trial were reduced in the both the experimental and control groups. According to Mann-Whitney U test, the results indicated that there were no significant differences in changing the scores of Stagnation Scale (Z = -.353, p=.756) and State Anxiety Inventory (Z= -.388, p= .705) after treatment between the experimental group and the control group. In the views of women with breast cancer, their physical distress included fatigue, insomnia, pain and decreased activity function of hands. The psychological distress included the senses of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. The spirits distress included self-blame, doubt about the meanings of life, and sense of being alone. There were seven domains of the therapeutic factors of the body-mind-spirit empowerment and education group: imparting of information, instillation of hope, university, catharsis, interpersonal learning, existential factors and self-understanding. The results indicated that through emerged therapeutic factors, the group effectively reduced the senses of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty, increased the confidence about illness recovery, improved the sense of hope toward the future life, established social support network, and discovered the meanings and the purposes of life.onclusion: By the psychiatric nurse’s cooperation with oncology nurse in the body-mind-spirit empowerment and education group, the psychiatric nurse’s knowledge about group therapy and empowerment skills help breast cancer women to obtain supports from group members and to strengthen their inner self positive power. The oncology nurse’s knowledge about cancer care helps to decrease body-mind-spirit distress. The future may enlarge the size of sample in order to demonstrate the effects of the body-mind-spirit empowerment and education group.口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………..I謝…………………………………………………………………..II文摘要…………………………………………………………..…III-IV文摘要…………………………………………………………..…IV-VI 一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機和背景…………………………………………1-2 第二節 研究目的…………………………………………………3 第三節 名詞界定…………………………………………………4二章 文獻查証 第一節 乳癌的診斷和治療方式…………………………………5-7 第二節 症狀困擾…………………………………………………8-11 第三節 團體治療…………………………………………………12-16 第四節 身心靈賦能團體…………………………………………17-18五節 研究概念架構……………………………………………19三章 研究方法一節 研究設計………………………………………………….20二節 實驗組介入措施………………………………………….21-24三節 研究對象………………………………………………….25四節 研究假設………………………………………………….26五節 研究工具…………………………………………………27-28六節 研究分析…………………………………………………29-30七節 研究步驟…………………………………………………31八節 倫理考量…………………………………………………32四章 分析與結果 第一節 研究樣本之相關資料……………………………………33-44 第二節 實驗組之前後測資料……………………………………45-46 第三節 控制組之前後測資料……………………………………47-48 第四節 實驗組和控制組於治療前後之差異................................49-50五節 個案對身心靈療效的主觀看法…………………………51-69五章 討論一節 樣本特性………………………………………………….70二節 研究樣本的身心靈困擾………………………………….70-72三節 身心靈賦能暨衛教團體成效之探討…………………….73-76六章結論與建議第一節研究結論一節 研究結論………………………………………………….77二節 研究與限制……………………………………………….78三節 研究貢獻與建議………………………………………….79-80考資料 中文文獻……………………………………………………………81-82 英文文獻……………………………………………………………82-88錄 附錄一 IRB審查通過函…………………………………………..89 附錄二 研究問卷…………………………………………………..90-92表目錄一、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體的概念架構…………………………19二、收案過程………………………………………………………34一、乳癌團體介入措施及結果……………………………………13-15二、研究設計………………………………………………………20三、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體活動內容……………………………22-24四、統計方法………………………………………………………29五、研究樣本之基本資料…………………………………………35六、研究樣本之疾病相關資料……………………………………37七、研究樣本前測之相關資料……………………………………39八、過度執著次量表………………………………………………41九、身心鬱結次量表………………………………………………42十、情感-姿勢抑制次量表………………………………………...43十一、焦慮狀態之排序……………………………………………44十二、實驗組鬱結和焦慮狀態組內比較…………………………46十三、控制組鬱結和焦慮狀態組內比較…………………………48十四、實驗組和控制組在治療前後之差異………………………50十五、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體治療療效因子總表………………52十六、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「資訊傳導」層面療療效因子…………………………………………………………54-56十七、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「灌輸希望」層面療療效因子………………………………………………58十八、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「普同感」層面療療效因子………………………………………………60十九、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「情緒的宣洩」層面療療效因子………………………………………………62二十、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「社交技巧的發展」層面療療效因子………………………………………………64二十一、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「存在因素」層面療療效因子………………………………………………66二十二、身心靈賦能暨衛教團體「自我了解」層面療療效因子………………………………………………6
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