1,720,976 research outputs found
ECO-DESIGN FOR END-OF-LIFE PHASE OF FLAME RETARDANT TEXTILES
Full text linkProduction, consumption, and disposal of textile products have substantial adverse impacts on the environment, especially textiles with flame retardant (FR) finishes. Unfortunately, information on the exposure of FR from textile products to environmental pathways is scarce. Research works on FR textiles have been mostly focused on ways to provide environmentally friendly synthesis and production phases of FR textile products. However, the end-of-life phase of the FR textiles seems neglected and needs great attention when the product’s life cycle is concerned. The end-of-life phase of FR textile products is considered as a hurdle in current sustainable disposals (landfill and incineration), though today, technologies for solid waste management are ever-improving. Indeed, landfill and energy valorization through incineration are considered as suitable pathways for textile wastes, including technical textile wastes. However, the end-of-life of FR textile products creates issues, such as in landfilling, there is a huge chance of FR species or substance leaching to the environment. Similarly, FR species decrease energy yield in the incineration process due to incomplete combustion and emits toxic fumes. It is essential to find different ways to assess the most optimum methods or eco-designs for the disposal of textile products by energy valorization through gasification. Therefore an eco-design was proposed with optimized disposals for the FR textiles. Eco-design comprises the degradation and elimination of a permanent/durable FR substance from the textiles, especially cellulosic textiles prior to their disposals. Thermal valorization was achieved by gasification instead of incineration, to explore the ability of FRs to gasify after the degradation and elimination of the FR species. Durable FR species, for instance, n-methylol dimethyl phosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is one of the most effective organophosphorus FRs for cellulosic fabrics, used in combination with trimethylol melamine (TMM) to obtain durable and improved FR properties. The degradation and elimination of an organophosphorus FR (MDPA) on cellulosic fabric, was studied using an advanced oxidation process (AOP) based on Fenton’s reaction. The effect of varying concentrations of Fenton’s reagents (H2O2 and Fe2+ in aqueous medium) on the degradation of the MDPA was studied. The degradation of MDPA in aqueous media was monitored by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the reaction mixture over time. The mechanical properties of the cellulosic fabric after Fenton’s reaction were unaltered in both warp and weft directions. The flammability test and thermogravimetric results (TGA, DTG and PCFC) confirmed the degradation of MDPA FR from the fabric. FR species being degraded and eliminated from the cotton textiles, energy valorization by gasification was carried out for increased energetic yield due to better combustion and potential syngas composition outcomes during the gasification. The gasification results supported the eco-design by showing increased combustion properties of the FR textiles after the degradation and elimination of the FR species. For the sustainability validation of the proposed eco-design, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to analyze the environmental impacts of eco-design for the end-of-life phase of FR textile products. LCA is one of the prominent assessment methods to perform the general assessment of products or services. The thermogravimetric and pyrolysis combustion results confirm that there is a higher heat release after Fenton’s reaction degradation. The heat release rate of the FR cotton textiles increased by 51% after the degradation of the FR species, and this makes the degraded FR cotton interesting for energy valorization. The energy valorization by gasification results supported the eco-design by showing increased combustion properties of the FR textiles after the degradation and elimination of the FR species. Lastly, the LCA results showed reduced impact values in most of the impact categories studied, especially in global warming potential (GWP), air acidification (AA) and in other prominent categories in favor of degradation and elimination of FR species from the textiles and being gasified
Optimizing organophosphorus fire resistant finish for cotton fabric using box-behnken design
Full text linkFabrication of Alginate Fibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized via Dolcetto Grape Leaves (Vitis vinifera cv.): Morphological, Antimicrobial Characterization and In Vitro Release Studies
No full textGlobal Consumption of Flame Retardants and Related Environmental Concerns: A Study on Possible Mechanical Recycling of Flame Retardant Textiles
Full text linkFlame retardants (FRs) have been around us for decades to increase the chances of survival against fire or flame by limiting its propagation. The FR textiles, irrespective of their atmospheric presence are used in baby clothing, pushchairs, car seats, etc. The overall FR market in Asia, Europe, and the United States in 2007 was around 1.8 million metric tonnes. It is estimated that the worldwide consumption of FRs will reach 2.8 million tonnes in 2018. Unfortunately, a sustainable approach for textile waste, especially in the case of FR textiles, is absent. Incineration and landfill of FR textiles are hindered by various toxic outcomes. To address the need for sustainable methods of discarding FR textiles, the mechanical recycling of cotton curtains was evaluated
Life cycle assessment of flame retardant cotton textiles with optimized end-of-life phase
Full text linkFlame retardants (FRs) for textile products has been studied widely on the account of their production,
but in order to consider a FR textile product eco-friendly, its end-of-life phase seems neglected and needs
great attention. The purpose of this study was to expand and improve the end-of-life phase of FR textile
products, by offering an eco-path and treatment prior to their disposals. An eco-path consisting of
degradation and elimination of the FR substance from the textile product prior to its disposal is proposed.
The degradation and elimination of FR from the textile product was achieved by advanced oxidation
process (AOP). Finally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to analyze the environmental impacts
of end-of-life phase for FR cotton textile before and after the eco-path disposal treatment. LCA results
showed the reduced impact values in most of the impact categories studied, especially in global warming
potential (GWP), air acidification (AA) and in other prominent categories
Degradation Kinetics of Organophosphorus Flame Retardant fromCotton Fabric
No full textThe organophosphorus compound N-methylol dimethyl phosphonopropionamide (MDPA) is extensively used for durable flame retardant (FR) treatments for cotton fabrics. For optimum finishing treatment, MDPA is used with the Trimethylol melamine (TMM) or dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) for cotton fabric treatments. The amino resins TMM known to pose severe toxic problems such as; breathing problems, headache and most importantly, cancer. In the production, consumption and eventually in the disposal phase of FR with TMM treated cotton fabrics, the release of TMM and toxic emissions cannot be ignored. In this study, mineralization and degradation of the organophosphorus FR compound from the cotton fabric using Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) was successfully employed. The kinetics of degradation of FR substance from the cotton fabric was studied. The rate of degradation of the FR substance from the cotton fabrics was observed with chemical oxygen demand (COD). The kinetic rate constant equations and characterization of the mineralization and degradation of the FR substance by the AOP reaction was developed with the COD values. The organophosphorus FR on the fabric found to follow the first-order of kinetics of degradation from the cotton fabric.</jats:p
LMPP effects on morphology, crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of iPP/LMPP blend Fibres
Full text linkThe thermal properties and morphological characterisation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homopolymer and its blends with low molecular low modulus polypropylene (LMPP) were studied. Firstly blends were prepared with variant LMPP contents, and their properties were characterised using SEM, DSC, XRD, and DMA. Later the mechanical properties of iPP/LMPP blend fibres were investigated. SEM results showed that the iPP/LMPP blends produced smoother surfaces when the LMPP content was increased, as well as the miscibility. All the Tg values with different LMPP percentages were in-between pure iPP and LMPP. The XRD results indicated the LMPP percentage decreased along with the degree of crystallinity of the iPP/LMPP blends (5% to 15%), which increased and then decreased as compared to pure iPP. The elongation at break increased when the LMPP content increased, with the maximum elongation at break of the LMPP 25% blend reaching 12.95%, which showed great stretch-ability, whereas the elastic modulus of iPP/LMPP blends decreased.W pracy badano właściwości termiczne i morfologię homopolimeru izotaktycznego polipropylenu (iPP) i jego mieszanek z polipropylenem o małej masie cząsteczkowej (LMPP). Zastosowano następujące proporcje mieszania iPP/LMPP (wt/wt): 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, 80/20 i 75/25, zdefiniowano je odpowiedni: 5%, 10%, 15 %, 20% i 25%. Właściwości włokien mieszanych iPP/LMPP porównano do właściwości czystego PP i LMPP. Włókna mieszane zbadano za pomocą SEM, DSC, XRD i DMA. Następnie zbadano mechaniczne właściwości włókien iPP/LMPP. Wyniki SEM wykazały, że wraz ze zwiększeniem zawartości LMPP powierzchnia włókien charakteryzowała się większą gładkością. Wszystkie wartości Tg włókien mieszanych były pośrednie pomiędzy czystym iPP i LMPP. Stwierdzono, że wydłużenie przy zerwaniu zwiększyło się wraz ze wzrostem zawartości LMPP, przy maksymalnym wydłużeniu przy zerwaniu 12,95%, dla włókien z zawartością 25% LMPP, co wskazywało na dużą rozciągliwość, podczas gdy moduł sprężystości wzdłużnej włókien iPP / LMPP zmniejszył się
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