46 research outputs found
At the foundations of Narbutt’s vision of Lithuania and the relations between Poland and Lithuania
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Istorijos istoriografija; Istoriografija; Istoriografijos istorija; Lietuvos istorija; Teodoras Narbutas (Teodor Narbutt); 19 amžius; 19th century; Historiography of history; Historioraphy; History of Lithuania; History of historiography; Teodor Narbutt; Theodor NarbutTeodor Narbutt’s works on the history of Lithuania provoked ambivalent evaluations. On one hand the importance of the subject he undertook was emphasised, on the other hand, the author was reproached for deficiencies in methodology, which disqualified him as a historian. His research grew on the basis of interest in Lithuanian culture, it led to the search for autonomous properties of the Lithuanian statehood, emphasising differences proving the separateness of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the framework of the Kingdom of Poland. The theses stated within the work have not withstood the test of time, they did not meet the social expectations. They were quickly verified by the political events of the second half of the 19th century. Although Narbutt’s works were criticised, they influenced the shape of Lithuanian culture
Rivijaus kronikos istorija
No full textDaugelyje savo darbų (ir ypač Dzieje starozytne narodu litewskiego, Wilno, 1835-1841) Teodoras Narbutas dažnai rėmėsi Rivijaus Kronika (J.R R.), kurią jis teigė radęs Revelyje (Taline). Dabar jos vokiškas originalas ir lenkiškas vertimas saugomas Lietuvos Mokslų akademijos bibliotekoje. T. Narbuto tvirtinimu, 1697 m. datuotinoje kronikoje yra fragmentų iš seniai dingusios Rotundo Lietuvos istorijos. Rotundas, savo ruožtu, galėjo turėti Bychovco Kronikai artimą analogą, galbūt paremtą kažkokio Pinsko vienuolio Mitrofano metraščiais. Deja, svarbiausioji Rivijaus Kronikos dalis žuvo per gaisrą T. Narbuto dvare. Dėl įvairių nenuoseklumų pateikiant Rivijaus biografiją, istorinių įvykių aprašymų, faktinių ir chronologinių klaidų, įvairių fiktyvių objektų, tariamai susijusių su Lietuvos istorija, piešinių tyrinėtojai laikė Rivijaus Kroniką klastote, kurią inicijavo ar net atliko pats T. Narbutas. Šio straipsnio autorius, kategoriškai neatmesdamas Kronikos ir kartu rimtai abejodamas jos kaip istorinio šaltinio autentiškumu, siūlo nuodugniai patyrinėti neaiškią šio veikalo kilmę. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Augustinas Rotundas, apie 1520-1582 (Rotundus Mieleski); Bichoveco kronika; Johanas Frydrichas Rivijus; Johanas Rivijus; Jonas Hlebavičius; Kuršo kunigaikštis Gotardas Ketleris; Rivijaus kronika; Teodoras Narbutas (Teodor Narbutt); Vilniaus vaitas Augustinas Rotundas; Augustinus Rotundus Mieleski; Johann Friedrich Rivius; Johann Rivius; Jonas Hlebavičius; Teodor Narbutt; The Chronicle of Bychowiec; The Chronicle of Rivius; The duke of Courland Gothard Kettler; Vilnius' vojt Augustus RotundusIn his numerous works, in particular in Dzieje starozytne narodu litewskiego (Wilno, 1835-1841), Teodor Narbutt often referred to the Chronicle of Rivius, which he claimed to have found in Revel (Tallinn). Now the original (German) version of the Chronicle and its Polish translation are kept at the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. According to Narbutt, the Chronicle, which is to be dated back to 1697, contains fragments of Rotundus' Lithuanian history, lost long ago. Rotundus, in his turn, must have possessed an analogue close to the Chronicle of Bychowiec, possibly based on the annals of a certain Pinsk monk Mitrofan. Unfortunately, the most important part of the Chronicle was lost in a fire in Narbutt's house. Due to many inconsistencies in the presentation of the biography of Rivius, fanciful descriptions of historical events, factual and chronological fallacies and drawings of various fictitious artefacts, allegedly related to the history of Lithuania, investigators have been treating the Chronicle of Rivius as a forgery initiated or produced by Narbutt. Without dismissing the Chronicle outright, though seriously doubting its authenticity as a historical record, the author of this article calls for a more thorough critical research of its provenance
Between the old and the new Lithuania: testamentary statements of Adam Honory Kirkor (1818–1886)
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama Adomo Honorijaus Kirkoro ir jo aplinkos politinė programa, aptariami svarbiausi jos dėmenys, autoritetai ir prioritetai. Aiškinamos kontroversiško lietuvių nacionalinio atgimimo veikėjų požiūrio į šią asmenybę ir jo kūrybą priežastys. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Adomas Kirkoras; Politinė programa; Valenrodiškumas; Teodoras Narbutas (Teodor Narbutt); Istorinė atmintis; Vytautas Didysis, 1350-1430 (Vytautas the Great); Vilnius; AušrininkaiThe idea to write this article was suggested by the intersection and obvious irrationality of two facts, namely an overly critical attitude of certain pioneers of Lithuanian nationalism that first and foremost flocked around the Auszra (later Aušra; 1883–1886) newspaper towards publisher, man of letters, and historian Adam Honory Kirkor (1818–1886) and more than enthusiastic support of the ideas advocated by the Auszra in A. H. Kirkor’s statements. The author of the article strives to search for the reasons behind the said contradiction and in a way rearrange the focus points in A. H. Kirkor’s biography and creative work which have been divided into two stages: “Narbutt” and “Vilnius”. The comparative aspect also plays an important role in the analysis, i.e. A. H. Kirkor’s attitude is first of all revealed against the background of the personality and ideas of Teodor Narbutt (1784–1864), the most prominent Lithuanian historian of the first half of the 19th century. The research revealed that it was T. Narbutt’s work Dzieje narodu litewskiego (Deeds of the Lithuanian Nation, vol. 1–9, Wilno, 1835–1841) where Kirkor and his environment found the basic ideological pillars. By virtue of T. Narbutt, Vytautas the Great related topics found their way to A. H. Kirkorʼs works. The component of Vilnius is also discussed through A. H. Kirkor and T. Narbutt’s relation with the city. T. Narbutt viewed Vilnius as a mere chronicle of the past, whereas A. H. Kirkor perceived the city as an open air museum evoking deep contemplations not only about the region’s past but also about its future. Eventually the concept of Vilnius in A. H. Kirkor’s mind would focus around the cathedral and its historical tombstones with the remains of Lithuania’s heroes resting thereunder. A. H. Kirkor teaches to read the symbolic meaning of the site, to see not only religious and historical but also political symbols, visit the sacred space and accumulate energy for the future. Hence, A. H. Kirkor’s references and emphases, prominence given to the role of Vilnius and particularly to the Cathedral – the most important guardian of historical memory – as well as the pantheon of historical figures significant to Lithuania, which hitherto had been traditionally attributed to Poland’s past, suggest of victory rather that defeat. These texts contained numerous references to the future. And these hints, no matter how controversially A. H. Kirkor was perceived, were heard by the followers of the Auszra movement. The ample translations of A. H. Kirkor’s works to Lithuanian corroborate the fact. From a more general perspective, A. H. Kirkor’s program of Lithuania and that of the followers of the Auszra movement were not so different after all – most disagreements were attributable to the so-called philological aspect. However, there were discussions regarding language related issues among the representatives of A. H. Kirkor’s generation as well. Thus, the Auszraʼs statements of the Lithuanian speaking Lithuania must have been familiar or at least recognizable to A. H. Kirkor. Therefore today we should speak about the contributions of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities and Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission to the Auszra ideology; a particularly unique and particularly intellectual generation that worked for the sake of Lithuania when it seemed that there was nothing to work for, was active in the most difficult conditions, and underwent huge psychological traumas. In this context A. H. Kirkor – the hands and brain of that generation, a loyalist but at the same time also an idealist could not have disapproved of the project pursued by the Auszra followers
Turbulent transport in the scrape-off layer of Wendelstein 7-X
No full textTurbulent transport is widely considered to be the main driver for cross-field transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of toroidal magnetized plasmas. Here, reciprocating Langmuir probes are employed to measure both the plasma profiles and the turbulent particle transport in the SOL of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. The relation between turbulent radial particle flux Γr and the local pressure gradient is often approximately linear across the entire SOL width, indicating that radial turbulence spreading is absent. This observation holds across a wide range of magnetic configurations and different plasma heating and density scenarios. The magnitude of the turbulent transport for a given gradient reveals a dependence on the magnetic configuration and the position in the SOL, which we relate to the cross-spectral characteristics of multi-tip floating potential measurements. Magnetic islands can add further complexity due to non-monotonic SOL profiles and the breaking of the transport-gradient relation. Finally, anomalous diffusion coefficients are determined from the probe measurements.</p
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Influence of diluent alkyl substitution on the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by a 6,6’-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine ligand dissolved in alkylated cyclohexanone Diluents
No full textSeveral alkylated cyclohexanones were investigated as potential diluents for the selective extraction of Am(III) from Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions by the CyMe4-BTBP ligand. No significant extraction of either of the metal ions was observed for these diluents themselves. In the extractions from 1 M HNO3, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone gave comparable results to cyclohexanone whereas in the extractions from 4 M HNO3, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone all gave superior results. For the monomethylated diluents, DAm and SFAm/Eu decreased in the order of alkyl substitution 2 > 4 ~ 3. However, alkyl substitution of cyclohexanone significantly slows down the extraction kinetics compared to cyclohexanone, and the position of alkyl substitution was found to play an important role in the solvents properties. 3-Methylcyclohexanone was identified as the most promising of the diluent
"Horace syndrome" in Lithuania at the beginning of the 19th century: love for literature or profound patriotism?
No full textStraipsnis skirtas 19 amžiaus pradžioje kilusio susidomėjimo Horacijumi priežastims atskleisti. Autorė nagrinėja istoriko T. Narbuto santykį su Horacijaus poezija ir paties T. Narbuto poetinius bandymus, atrasdama juose aiškią ideologinę Horacijaus įtaką. Aiškinamos T. Narbuto ryžto skelbti Horacijaus odžių vertimus aplinkybės, ypač plačiai sustojama ties viena jų – santykiais su J. Ježovskio tekstais. Pažymima, kad J. Ježovskis - tai vienintelis autorius, kurio Narbutas neįtraukė į savą Horacijaus kūrybos vertėjų ir komentatorių registrą. Autorė teigia, kad J. Ježovskio veikla buvo itin gerai žinoma T. Narbutui, tad šis neįtraukimas tegalįs rodyti tik paties J. Ježovskio svarbą T. Narbutui. J. Ježovskio tekstų analizė rodanti, kad Horacijus buvo jam idealas ir poetine, ir pasaulėžiūros prasme: pažymima, kad J. Ježovskį žavėjo Horacijaus saikingumas, prabangos vengimas, gebėjimas gyventi dėl aukštesnių tikslų, kone mistifikuotas bičiulystės - bene labiausiai filomatų aukštinamo bendravimo principo - deklaravimas. Autorė teigia, kad J. Ježovskio darbai - raktas pažinti filomatizmą iš vidaus. Šiame J. Ježovskio darbų kontekste autorė nagrinėja ir T. Narbuto atliktus Horacijaus vertimus. Apibendrindama savo tyrinėjimus, autorė teigia, kad visi ryškiausi tuometiniai Horacijaus vertėjai ar sekėjai vienaip ar kitaip pritarė patriotizmui, kuris buvo suprantamas taip, kaip jį suprato Horacijus. O šio patriotizmo esant tuometinei politinei situacijai, autorės teigimu, reikėjo ne tik kaip literatūrinės, bet ir kaip „gydomosios“ priemonės. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Adomas Stanislovas Krasinskis; Antanas Mošinskis; Filomatų judėjimas; Horacijus; Imitacija; Juozapas Ježovskis; Komentaras; Patriotizmas; Poezija; Sekimai; Teodoras Narbutas (Teodor Narbutt); Tėvynė; Vertimai; Vertimas; Vilnius; XIX a. Lietuvos literatūra; Adam Stanislaw Krasinski; Antoni Moszynski; Comment; Horace; Imitation; Jozef Jezowki; Jozef Jezowski; Lithuanian literature of 19th century; Motherland; Patriotism; Philomath movement; Poetry; Teodor Narbutt; Translation; Translations; VilniusThe article is dedicated to disclosing the causes of the interest in Horatio that arose in the early 19th century. The author examines the relationship of historian Teodoras Narbutas with the poetry of Horatio and poetic attempts of Narbutas himself as well as discovers the clear ideological influence of Horatio. The circumstances of Narbutas’ determination to publish translations of Horatio odes are explained, and one of them – the relationship with texts by Juozapas Ježovskis – is elaborated in particular detail. It should be noted that Ježovskis is the only author who was not included by Narbutas into his own register of the translators and commentros of Horatio’s works. The author claims that Ježovskis’ activities were especially well known to Narbutas, so this non-inclusion can only prove the importance of Ježovskis himself to Narbutas. The analysis of Ježovskis’ texts shows that Horatio was his ideal in the sense of both poetry and world outlook: it is noted that Ježovskis was fascinated by Horatio’s moderation, avoidance of luxury, ability to live for higher goals, and declaration of almost mystified fellowship – perhaps the most exalted philomaths’ communication principle. The author claims that Ježovskis’ works is the key to learn Philomathism from inside. In this context of Ježovskis’ works, the author also analyses the translations of Horatio made Narbutas. Summarising her research, the author states that all the then most outstanding translators and followers of Horatio supported patriotism in one way or other and it was understood as Horatio understood it. According to the author, that patriotism in the then political situation was needed not only as a literary but also as a “curing” tool
Andrzej Wróblewski's Constellations: Archive, Imaginarium, Reception
No full textWydział Filologii Polskiej i KlasycznejCelem rozprawy doktorskiej jest analiza dorobku artystycznego Andrzeja Wróblewskiego (1927-1957), polskiego malarza tworzącego w latach 40. i 50. XX wieku, w polskiej poezji powojennej. Konstelacja okazała się istotną kategorią badawczą w interpretacji autorskich koncepcji Wróblewskiego, jest także kluczem do praktyki poetyckiej czytających go poetów. Analizie poddano następujące sfery szeroko pojętej działalności malarza: archiwum, wytworzone przezeń imaginarium społeczne i recepcję jego dzieł. Archiwum potraktowano jako miejsce gromadzenia zbiorów (także literackich) i metaforę ciała; imaginarium stanowi zasób reprezentatywnych motywów i symboli kulturowych (pochodnych wyobraźni osobniczej artysty), które w znacznym stopniu ukształtowały recepcję Wróblewskiego w poezji. W partii recepcyjnej, zaproponowano lekturę wybranych autorów – Stanisława Czycza, Roberta Kani, Juliana Kornhausera, Krystiany Robb-Narbutt, Tadeusza Różewicza, Tadeusza Śliwiaka, Andrzeja Zaniewskiego – ujawniających w swoich dziełach kontekstowe, ekfrastyczne lub inne czytanie obrazów malarza. Przyjęty w pracy tryb lektury konstelacyjnej uwzględnia intersemiotyczne badania oraz analizy z pogranicza literaturoznawstwa i historii sztuki. Odnalezione w archiwum domowym malarza poetyckie materiały pozwoliły na ujawnienie nowych aspektów twórczości Wróblewskiego.The aim of this dissertation is an analysis of the artistic oeuvre of Andrzej Wróblewski (1927-1957), Polish painter active in the 1940s and the 1950s, as it was reflected in post-war Polish poetry. Here, constellation proved a relevant research category in the interpretation of Wróblewski's authorial concepts; it also offers a key to the poetic practice of the authors who read him. The analysis encompasses the following spheres of the broadly understood activities of the painter: the archive, the social imaginary it engendered, and the reception of his works. The archive was approached as a site of amassing collections (also literary ones) and a metaphor of the body; the imaginary is a resource of representative motifs and cultural symbols, which largely shaped Wróblewski's reception in poetry. In the part concerned with the latter, the author reads into selected poets: Stanisław Czycz, Robert Kania, Julian Kornhauser, Krystiana Robb-Narbutt, Tadeusz Różewicz, Tadeusz Śliwiak, and Andrzej Zaniewski, whose works evince contextual, ecphrastic or other reading of Wróblewski’s paintings. The adopted modality of constellatory reading integrates inter- and transtextual investigations and analyses at the juncture of literature studies and art history. The poetic material discovered in the painter's home archive, made it possible to reveal new aspects in Wróblewski's oeuvre
Tegyvuoja Teodoras Narbutas ir tepralaimi Ignas Jonynas?: Vienos Lietuvos Metrikos žinutės apie Vytauto Didžiojo šeimyną interpretacija
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos metrikos Teismų bylų knygoje nr. 275 informacija apie Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio Vytauto (apie 1350–1430) genealogiją ir formuluojama Vytauto žmonų skaičiaus problema. Metrikos knygoje kalbama apie žinomą, tačiau istoriografijoje nepripažintą Vytauto žmoną Oprasją. Egzistuoja dvi nuomonės, kad buvo 2 Vytauto žmonos – Ona ir Julijona (Ignas Jonynas, iš dabartinių istorikų – Janas Tęgowskis) ir kad buvo 3 žmonos: Marija, Ona ir Julijona (Teodoras Narbutas, Antonis Prochaska ir kt.). Vytauto žmonomis tikrai buvo Ona (maždaug 1374–1418 m.) ir Julijona (1418–1430 m.). Keltina hipotezė, jog Vytautas galėjo būti vedęs prieš Oną, t. y. prieš 1374 m. Amžininkų liudijimų nėra, o Vytautas 1430 m. užrašyme nurodė tik dvi žmonas – Oną ir Julijoną. Neatmestina, kad Vytauto pirmoji žmona buvo pagonė, galbūt apsikrikštijo. Šaltinių, mininčių Vytauto žmonas Marijos ir Oprasjos vardais, yra trys: Narbuto 1846 m. išleista Bychovco kronika, 1856 m. jo paskelbta "Grafo Kyburgo kelionė Lietuvon" ir paskelbtas 1704 m. dokumento nuorašas – fundacija Brastos bažnyčiai. Šių šaltinių ir čia minėtos Lietuvos metrikos analizė leidžia teigti, jog galimai Marija Vytautienė buvo pirmoji žmona, bet ji ir Oprasja nėra vienas ir tas pats asmuo. Laikydami Oprasjos vardą krikšto vardu, galima manyti, kad antroji Vytauto žmona pagonė nežinomu vardu su stačiatikišku krikštu gavo Oprasjos vardą. Vėliau ji tapo katalike ir gavo Onos vardą. Kita versija: Vytautas vedė ne pagonę, o stačiatikę Oprasją, kuri vėliau persikrikštijo į katalikę Oną. Tikėtina, kad Ona ir Oprasja (Eufrasja) buvo vienas ir tas pats asmuo. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Didžioji Lietuvos kunigaikštystė, Janas Tęgovskis; Ignas Jonynas; Jogaila; Julijona Vytautienė; Kunigaikščio šeima; LDK Vytautas; Marija Vytautienė; Ona Vytautienė (Ona Palaimintoji); Rimvydas Petrauskas; Smolenskas; T. Narbutas; Teodoras Narbutas (Teodor Narbutt); Vytautas; Grand duke Vytautas, Family of the duke; Ignas Jonynas; Jan Tegowski; Jogaila; Julijona, Vytautas' wife; Marija, Vytautas' wife; Ona Vytautiene; Ona, Vytautas' wife; Rimvydas Petrauskas; Smolensk; T. Narbutt; Teodor Narbutt; VytautasThe article analyses the information of Lithuanian Metrica in the Courts Casebook No. 275 on the genealogy of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas (~1350-1430), and formulates the problem in regards to the number of Vytautas' wives. The Metrica Book talks about Vytautas's wife Ophrasia, who is known but not recognized in historiography. There are two opinions: that Vytautas had 2 wives - Anna and Uliana (this idea is supported by such historians as Ignas Jonynas, Jan Tęgowski) and that he had 3 wives: Maria, Anna and Uliana (Teodoras Narbutas, Antoni Prochaska, etc.). It is known for a fact that Vytautas had two wives: Anna (~1374-1418) and Uliana (1418-1430). A hypothesis is suggested that Vytautas could have been married before Anna, i.e. before 1374. However, there are no testimonies of contemporaries and in 1430 Vytautas only wrote down two wives - Anna and Uliana. It is possible that Vytautas' first wife was a pagan and she might have been baptised. There are three sources that mention Vytautas's wives Maria and Ophrasia: Narbutas' Chronicle of Bychowiec, published in 1846, his book about travelling to Lithuania (the literal translation of the book title "Count of Kyburg's Trip to Lithuania"), 1856, and a published copy of the document of 1704 regarding foundation for a Ford (originally, Brasta) Church. The analysis of these sources and data from Lithuanian Metrica suggests that Maria Vytautienė was probably the first wife, but Ophrasia and her are not the same person. By thinking of Ophrasia's name as a name given after her baptism, it can be assumed that the second wife of Vytautas, an unknown pagan, received the name of Ophrasia after an Orthodox baptism. Later she became Catholic and received the name of Anna. The other version is as follows: Vytautas married not the pagan, but an Orthodox Ophrasia, which later converted to Catholic Anna. It is possible that Anna and Ophrasia (Euphrasia) were the same pers
125 ЛЕТ СО ДНЯ ОТКРЫТИЯ РЕНТГЕНОВСКИХ ЛУЧЕЙ
No full textThe contribution of the Russian physicists to the study of the features of X-ray radiation and the development of options for its application in practice is discussed. Russian scientists (F.F. Petrushevksy, A.S. Popov, P.N. Lebedev, I.I. Borgman, N.G. Egorov, O.D. Hvolson and others) took an active part in proliferating the information about X-rays and their properties. V.S. Kravchenko, a naval medical officer, in 1904 for the first time in the history of marine medicine used X-rays for the diagnostic purposes in the conditions of a sea voyage on board the "Aurora" cruiser. G.V. Wulf gave a theoretical justification for the results of L. Bragg's research on the reflection of X-rays from the mica cleavage plane. In1914, atalented engineer N.A. Fedoritsky prepared and implemented a technical project of a car X-Ray cabinet. In the laboratories of the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology (founded in 1918 by A. Ioffe), a scientific base was created for the research of X-ray physics and the development of X-ray diffraction analysis in the Soviet Union. The contribution of I.B. Borovsky, M.A. Blokhin, E.E. Weinstein, K.I. Narbutt, R.L. Barinsky, N.I. Komyak, N.F. Losev and M.A. Kumakhov is briefly examined. The author focused on one of the directions of X-ray spectral analysis - its use to determine the chemical composition of materials. The author shares N. P. Ilyin's conclusion (2002): "Our specialists developed almost all the main areas of X-ray spectral analysis, and they were ahead of their foreign colleagues in solving a number of theoretical and methodological issues."Key words: 125 years since the discovery of x-rays, the contribution of Russian physicistsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.1.008A.G. Revenko Institute of the Earth’s Crust, SB RAS,128 Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russian FederationРассмотрен вклад российских физиков в исследование особенностей рентгеновского излучения и развитие вариантов его применения на практике. Активное участие в распространении информации о рентгеновских лучах и их свойствах принимали российские учёные (Ф.Ф. Петрушевский, А.С. Попов, П.Н. Лебедев, И.И. Боргман, Н.Г. Егоров, О.Д. Хвольсон и др.). Морской офицер-мeдик В.С. Крaвчeнкo в 1904 г. впервые в истории морской медицины использовал рентгеновские лучи для диагностических целей в условиях морского похода нa бoрту крeйсера "Aврoрa". Г.В. Вульф дал теоретическое обоснование результатам Л. Брэгга по исследованию отражения рентгеновских лучей от плоскости спайности слюды. В 1914 г. талантливый инженер-технолог Н.А. Федорицкий подготовил и реализовал технический проект автомобиля-рентгеновского кабинета. В лабораториях Ленинградского физико-технического института (организован в 1918 г.) была создана научная база для исследований по рентгенофизике и развития рентгенографического анализа в Советском Союзе. Кратко рассмотрен вклад И.Б. Боровского, М.А. Блохина, Э.Е. Вайнштейна, К.И. Нарбутта, Р.Л. Баринского, Н.И. Комяка, Н.Ф. Лосева и М.А. Кумахова. Основное внимание автор уделил одному из направлений рентгеноспектрального анализа – применению его для определения химического состава материалов. Автор разделяет заключение Н.П. Ильина (2002 г): “Нашими специалистами разрабатывались практически все основные направления рентгеноспектрального анализа, а в решении ряда теоретических и методических вопросов они опережали своих зарубежных коллег”.Ключевые слова: 125 лет со дня открытия рентгеновских лучей, вклад российских физиковDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.1.00
Eustachy Tyszkiewicz: the founder of local historiography in Lithuania
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Biržai; Eustachijus Tiškevičius; Istoriografija; 19 amžius; Lokalinės istoriografijos Lietuvoje pradininkas; Monografija; VLAK; VSM; Vilniaus laikinoji archeologinė komisija; Vilniaus senienų muziejus; Biržai; Eustachy Tyszkiewicz; Historiography; Lithuanian XIX c. history; Study; The Vilnius Museum of Antiquities; The Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission; The founder of local historiography in LithuaniaThe name of Eustachy Tyszkiewicz is well known not only to Lithuanian historians, archaeologists and museologists, but also to a broader cultured society of Lithuania, Belarus and Poland. Although the Lithuanian national revival of the late 19th century took the ethnocentric direction, in which no place was left for the local Polonised nobility and the multicultural burgher culture, quite a few cultural figures of the first half of the 20th century used Tyszkiewicz s experience and collections as a reference point. Tyszkiewicz is reasonably considered the founder of museology and archaeology in Lithuania, and placed in the ranks of historians; however, in my firm opinion, he has not been fully acknowledged as the founder of local historiography. All works by Tyszkiewicz are a reflection of the 19th century Lithuanian scientific thought and cultural self-realisation; however, contrary to Teodor Narbutt (1784-1864) or Szymon Dowkont (Lith. Simonas Daukantas, 1793-1864), he did not seek to embrace the complete history of the country in his works, but specialised in the research of its pre-recorded history (archaeology) and local history. The description of the Barysaw district that appeared in 1847, and a monograph on Biržai published in St. Petersburg in 1869 are the key works of local historiography, which allow us to refer to their author as the founder of this trend of research. Tyszkiewicz not only started it de facto, but also created the methodology of this type of research, whose results are successfully used by specialists in historical landscape
