136 research outputs found
Special Language Domain in Which Grammatical Rules May Be Violated Legitimately in Chinese
No full textSingular Vectors and -Dirichlet Numbers over Function Field
No full textWe show that the only -Dirichlet numbers in a function field over a
finite field are rational functions, unlike -Dirichlet numbers in
. We also prove that there are uncountably many totally irrational
singular vectors with large uniform exponent in quadratic surfaces over a
positive characteristic field.Comment: We have split version 1 into two parts. The present paper addresses
totally irrational singular vectors and -Dirichlet numbers in function
fiel
Forward-Euler time-discretization for Wasserstein gradient flows can be wrong
No full textIn this note, we examine the forward-Euler discretization for simulating
Wasserstein gradient flows. We provide two counter-examples showcasing the
failure of this discretization even for a simple case where the energy
functional is defined as the KL divergence against some nicely structured
probability densities. A simple explanation of this failure is also discussed
Impurity Antimony-Induced Creep Property Deterioration and Its Suppression by Rare Earth Ceriumfor a 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steel
No full textThe high temperature creep properties of three groups of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel samples, undoped, doped with Sb, and doped with Sb and Ce, are evaluated under the applied stresses from 150 MPa to 210 MPa and at the temperatures from 873–923 K. The creep behavior follows the temperature-compensated power law as well as the Monkman-Grant relation. The creep activation energy for the Sb-doped steel (519 kJ/mol) is apparently lower than that for the undoped one (541 kJ/mol), but it is considerably higher for the Sb+Ce-doped steel (621 kJ/mol). Based on the obtained relations, both the creep lifetimes under 50 MPa, 80 MPa, and 100 MPa in the range 853–923 K and the 105 h creep rupture strengths at 853 K, 873 K, and 893 K are predicted. It is demonstrated that the creep properties of the Sb-doped steel are considerably deteriorated but those of the Sb+Ce-doped steel are significantly improved as compared with the undoped steel. Microstructural and microchemical characterizations indicate that the minor addition of Ce can stabilize the microstructure of the steel by segregating to grain boundaries and dislocations, thereby offsetting the deleterious effect of Sb by coarsening the microstructure and weakening the grain boundary
Similarities and Differences Between Chinese and English in Sluicing and Their Theoretical Explanation
No full textA Blind Deconvolution Method of Single-Channel the EEG Convolution Mixed Signals Based on the Linear Predication Error Analysis
No full textProperties of Perylene Bisimide Derivatives: DFT Investigation and Structure Determination
No full text
Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Escherichia coli
No full textHe Zhang,1 Shuan Tao,2 Huimin Chen,2 Yewei Fang,2 Yao Xu,3 A-Xiang Han,2 Fang Ma,1,* Wei Liang2,* 1Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Liang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 31 Liuting Street, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613306652821, Fax +86-051885213100, Email [email protected] Fang Ma, Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, No. 2600, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618955222802, Email [email protected]: The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is widespread in prokaryotes and archaea, comprising toxins and antitoxins that counterbalance each other. Based on the nature and mode of action of antitoxins, they are classified into eight groups (type I to VIII). Both the toxins and the antitoxins are proteins in type II TA systems, and the antitoxin gene is usually upstream of the toxin gene. Both genes are organized in an operon and expression of which is regulated at the transcriptional level by the antitoxin-toxin complex, which binds the operon DNA through the DNA-binding domain of the antitoxin. The TA system plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as programmed cell death, cell growth, persistence, and virulence. Currently, Type II TA systems have been used as a target for developing new antibacterial agents for treatment. Therefore, the focus of this review is to understand the unique response of Type II TA in Escherichia coli to stress and its contribution to the maintenance of resistant strains. Here, we review the Type II TA system in E. coli and describe their regulatory mechanisms and biological functions. Understanding how TA promotes phenotypic heterogeneity and pathogenesis mechanisms may help to develop new treatments for infections caused by pathogens rationally.Keywords: E. coli, type II toxin-antitoxin, bacterial persistence, biofilm formation, phage infectio
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