194,270 research outputs found
Dataset for Multicarrier Division Duplex Aided Millimeter Wave Communications
No full textThis is the dataset of the accepted paper (July 18, 2019) R. Rajashekar, C. Xu, N. Ishikawa, L-L. Yang and L. Hanzo, "Multicarrier Division Duplex Aided Millimeter Wave Communications,"</span
Reticuluma bipennata Xu & Yu & Dai & Yang 2020, sp. nov.
No full textReticuluma bipennata Xu & Dai sp. nov. (Figs. 1 A–D, 2A–F, 3O–P, 5D, H, L) Measurement. Body length (including tegmen): male 3.6–3.8 mm. Description. Pronotum, scutellum and forewings with reticulate color pattern (Fig. 1A). Anterior margin of crown arcuate forward, vertex of crown sloped, longer than half of width to eyes, with three black patches arranged in arc. Face black, coronal suture about 3/5 length of vertex (Figs. 1B, D). Ocelli yellow-gray, eyes black with gray stripes. Two yellow spots between eyes, equidistant between eye and coronal suture. Pronotum pale yellowish with dark brown patches on posterior margin. Pronotum approximately 2 times length of crown. Scutellum pale yellowish, with grayish brown patch close to apical area and each basal angle, suture distinct. Forewing subhyaline, with five apical cells (Fig. 1A). Male genitalia. Male pygofer quadrate in lateral view with short macrosetae near posterior margin (Fig. 2A). Subgenital plate similar to triangular with several short setae near the lateral margin (Fig. 2B). Connective Y-shaped, stem slightly shorter than arms (Fig. 2C). Style slender, broad subapically, acute at apex (Fig. 2D). Aedeagal shaft triangle-like in dorsal and ventral view (Figs. 2E, 3O), arcuate in lateral view (Figs. 2F, 3P). Aedeagus shaft with a pair of wing-shaped processes in lateral margin in dorsal view, the processes with several setae near inner margin centrally; gonopore apical (Figs. 2E, 3O). Type material. Holotype: ♂ (GUGC), CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Mt. Gaoligong, Baihua Ridge, 22 May 2019, coll. Xu Tielong; Paratypes: 1♂ (GUGC), CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Mt. Gaoligong, Baihua Ridge, 05 August 2013, coll. Yang Weicheng; 1♂ (GUGC), CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Xinping County, Mt. Wenbi, 22 July 2018, coll. Wang Xianyi; 1♂ (GUGC), CHINA, Yunnan Prov., Mengla County, Menglun Town, 13 June 2019, coll. Xu Tielong. Etymology. The new species name is an adjective that combines the Latin prefix “ bi- ” (two) with “ penna ” (feather), referring to the two wing-like processes of the aedeagus. Remarks. The new species is similar to R. lageniformia, but can be distinguished from the later by the shape of the aedeagus with wing-like processes and the aedeagal shaft situated lower than the wing-like processes (Figs. 2E, F, 3O, P), the basally broad connective (Fig. 2C), and the style preapical lobe without setae near the inner margin (Fig. 2D).Published as part of Xu, Tielong, Yu, Zhou, Dai, Renhuai & Yang, Maofa, 2020, Description of a new species of the leafhopper genus Reticuluma Cheng & Li, 2005 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Penthimiini) from China with a key to species, pp. 177-186 in Zootaxa 4809 (1) on pages 179-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/393384
Ant-Colony Based Near-ML Space-Time Multiuser Detection for the STBC Assisted DS-CDMA Uplink
No full textIn this contribution, a novel Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Space-Time (ST) Multiuser Detection (MUD) algorithm was proposed in order to improve the Bit Error Ratio (BER) versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) performance achieved by the Space-Time Block Code (STBC) assisted two transmit antenna aided fully loaded DS-CDMA system directly employing an ACO based MUD algorithm. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ACO based MUD algorithm enables the fully loaded system to approach the single user performance associated with a second-order diversity gain. Furthermore, the complexity of the improved ACO based MUD algorithm is a factor of 1018 lower than that of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) MUD, when K = 32 users are supported by the STBC G2 assisted DS-CDMA systems employing Gold codes having a length of 31 chips
Adryinus jini Xu & Yang 1995
No full text1. <i>Adryinus jini</i> Xu & Yang, 1995 <p>(Plate 99C)</p> <p> <i>Adryinus jini</i> Xu & Yang in Xu <i>et al.</i> 1995 (June): 119; He & Xu 2002: 298.</p> <p> <i>Adryinus platycornis</i> Xu & He 1995a (December): 307; type locality: Guangzhou (Guangdong, China); He & Xu 2002: 299; <b>syn. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Description of Female.</b> Fully winged; length 7.2–8.1 mm. Head black, except mandible partly brown-reddish and lateral areas of clypeus yellow; antenna black, except segments 9–10 testaceous and ventral side of segment 1 whitish; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs black. Antenna weakly clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 9.7:4:23:13.5:12:8:5.2:4.5:3.5:5.5; in holotype of <i>A. jini</i>, antennal segment 10 cylindrical (in holotype of <i>A. platycornis</i>, both last antennal segments broken, not flat as in original description). Head excavated, shiny, granulated and with some longitudinal keels (more numerous in holotype of <i>A. platycornis</i>); occiput granulated; frontal line complete; occipital carina incomplete, present only behind and shortly on sides of posterior ocelli, laterally almost reaching 0.5 length of OOL; POL = 1.6; OL = 1.6; OOL = 8.5; OPL = 0.2 (posterior ocelli touching occipital carina in holotype of <i>A. platycornis</i>); greatest breadth of posterior ocelli longer than OPL (1.5:0.2); temple distinct. Palpal formula 6/3. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, dull, granulated and sculptured by numerous keels around disc and anterior collar; posterior edges of pronotum rounded, not produced into lobes. Scutum dull, granulated. Notauli hardly visible, incomplete, reaching about 0.5 length of scutum. Scutellum dull, granulated and reticulate rugose. Metanotum short, granulated and reticulate rugose. Propodeum with dorsal surface longer than posterior surface (11:6.5); dorsal surface reticulate rugose and sculptured by some parallel and longitudinal keels; posterior surface reticulate rugose, with two longitudinal keels. Mesopleuron and metapleuron dull and reticulate rugose. Fore wing with two dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much longer than proximal part (11.5:5); marginal cell open. Protrochanter more than four times as long as broad (23:5). Protarsal segments in following proportions: 17.5:2:5.2:12:19.5. Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook. Enlarged claw (Plate 99C) with one subapical tooth and one row of eight–nine bristles. Segment 5 of protarsus (Plate 99C) with two rows of 29–36 lamellae; distal apex with 18–42 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Material examined. Types</b>: ♀ holotype of <i>A. jini</i>: CHINA: Guangxi, Nanning, 108°03'N 22°08'E, orange orchard, Shaolong Yang leg. (ZJUC); ♀ holotype of <i>A. platycornis</i>: CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou, 5.V.1979, Chuanchuan Lu leg. (ZJUC).</p> <p> <b>Hosts.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Guangxi, Guangdong).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The hind tibia has one very long tibial spur and one tuft of bristles, among which one bristle is larger than others; it is not a second spur; for this reason, this species is included in <i>Adryinus</i> and not in <i>Neodryinus</i>. <i>A. platycornis</i> is here considered junior synonym of <i>A. jini</i>, following the comparison of the types of both species. The small differences between the two holotypes do not justify the creation of two separate species.</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), pp. 1-460 in Zootaxa 3614 (1)</i> on page 337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3614.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5278372">http://zenodo.org/record/5278372</a>
Rhytidhysteron subrufulum X. - L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Rhytidhysteron subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (Fig. 5) <p> HOLOTYPE. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Chengdu City, Wenjiang District, 30°42’18.89”N, 103°51’30.42”E, alt. 545 m, on dead twigs of <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> (Thunb.) Loureiro (Oleaceae), 12.X.2019, collected by C.-L.Yang, <i>YCL201910001</i> (holo-, SICAU 19-0010), ex-type living culture (SICAUCC 19-0011).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the allied species of <i>R. rufulum</i>.</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF557216.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong County, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco (Rutaceae), 8.III.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>YCL201903011</i> (SICAU 19-0009), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0010); 29°46’22.97”N, 104°49’12.20”E, alt. 303 m, on dead twigs of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> (Linnaeus) L’Heritier ex Ventenat (Moraceae), 19.X.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu and C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201910004</i> (SICAU 20-0003), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0003); Chongzhou City, 30°33’25.37”N, 103°39’30.67”E, alt. 511 m, on dead twigs of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L. (Fabaceae), 29.XI.2019, collected by C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201911012</i> (SICAU 20-0006), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0006); on dead twigs of <i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), 18.IX.2020, collected by X.-L. Xu, <i>XXL202009001</i> (SICAU 20- 0011), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0011); Chengdu City, Wenjiang District, 30°42’18.89”N, 103°51’30.42”E, alt. 545 m, on dead wood of <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> (L.) Link (Calycanthaceae), 6.XI.2020, collected by X.-L. Xu, <i>XXL202011001</i> (SICAU 22-0001), living culture (SICAUCC 22-0001).</p> <p> ADDITIONAL GENBANK NUMBER. — SICAUCC 19-0011: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075597; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027614. SICAUCC 19-0010: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075596; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027613. SICAUCC 20-0003: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075588; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075604. SICAUCC 20-0006: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075591; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075607. SICAUCC 20-0011: <i>tub</i> 2, MW219742; <i>rpb</i> 2, MW219741. SICAUCC 22-0001: <i>tub</i> 2, OM371084; <i>rpb</i> 2, OM371083.</p> DESCRIPTION <p>Saprobic on decaying woody branches and twigs.</p> <i>Sexual morphology</i> <p> Ascomata 900-2870 µm long × 900-1720 wide × 470-660 high (<i>x</i> = 1909 × 1220 × 546 µm, n = 20), apothecioid, carbonaceous, scattered to gregarious, black, labiates and elliptic or irregular in shape, perpendicularly striate along the long axis, reddish brown to black on the disc. Exciple 36-83 µm wide (<i>x =</i> 62, n = 15), two-layered, outer layer comprising thick- walled, brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis and textura globulosa, inner layer comprising thinwalled, light brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis and textura prismatica. Hamathecium composed of 1.6-2.4 µm wide at the base, 2.5-4.0 µm wide at swollen tips (n = 20), dense, septate, pseudoparaphyses, branched and forming brown epithecium above the asci, slightly swollen at the apex, hymenium turns blue in Melzer’s reagent, J +. Asci 183- 214 × 13-20 µm (<i>x</i> = 202 × 16 µm, n = 15), (5-)8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, with short pedicel and apically rounded with an ocular chamber, J- in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 29-41 × 10-15 µm (<i>x</i> = 33 × 13 µm, n = 30), ellipsoidal or fusiform, straight or slightly curved, slightly pointed at both ends, partially overlapping, uniseriate, (2-)3-septate, constricted septum, light brown to dark brown, without a mucilaginous sheath.</p> <i>Asexual morphology</i> <p>Undetermined.</p> <i>Culture characteristics</i> <p>Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours and germ tubes produced from any cell. Colonies growing on PDA reach 4 cm diam after five days at 25°C, flat, circular, initially white, gradually becoming yellow to gray.</p> NOTES <p> Morphological comparison shows <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. with similar perpendicular striations as typical <i>R. rufulum</i> and <i>R. esperanzae</i>. But the exciple of <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (36-83 µm) is thinner than <i>R. rufulum</i> (75-228 µm) and <i>R. esperanzae</i> (60-220 µm), and the asci are wider than <i>R. rufulum</i> (16 µm vs 13.5 µm), and shorter than <i>R. esperanzae</i> (183-214 µm vs 250-270 µm). Furthermore, the asci are (5-)8-spored in <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov., 8-spored in <i>R. rufulum</i> and undescribed in <i>R. esperanzae</i>. And ascospores of <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. are larger than <i>R. rufulum</i>, but smaller than <i>R. esperanzae</i> (33 × 13 µm vs 31 × 11 µm vs 45 <i>×</i> 17 µm) (Thambugala <i>et al</i>. 2016; Cobos-Villagrán <i>et al</i>. 2021). It is worth mentioning that the specimen SICAU 19-0009 had a large number of fusiform and 1-septate ascospores obviously pointed at both ends, but those ascospores did not germinate at room temperature for a week. The LSU and SSU DNA sequences between <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (SICAUCC 19-0011) and <i>R. rufulum</i> (MFLUCC 14-0577, MFLUCC 12-0013) are almost identical, but there are sufficient basepair differences in <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> (1.66 %, MFLUCC 14-0577) (no data, MFLUCC 12-0013) and ITS (1.47 %, MFLUCC 14-0577) (1.52 %, MFLUCC 12-0013) gene. In the comparison of <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> sequence, it shows 1.68 % differences between <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. and <i>R. esperanzae</i>, whereas no data on ITS sequence. With these morphological and DNA sequence differences, this species is identified as a new species named <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. A table summarizing major morphological differences among <i>Rhytidhysteron</i> species is shown in Table 2.</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Xiu-Lan, Xiao, Qian-Gang, Yang, Chun-Lin, Jeewon, Rajesh & Liu, Ying-Gao, 2022, Multigene phylogenetic support for novel Rhytidhysteron Speg. species (Hysteriaceae) from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 63-79 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on page 72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815283">http://zenodo.org/record/7815283</a>
Ant-Colony-Based Multiuser Detection for MC DS-CDMA Systems
Get PDFIn this contribution we present a novel ant colony optimization (ACO) based multi-user detector (MUD) designed for synchronous multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC DSCDMA) systems. The operation of the ACO-based MUD is based on the behaviour of the ant colony in nature. The ACO-based MUD aims for achieving the same bit-error-rate (BER) performance as the optimum maximum likelihood (ML) MUD, without carrying out an exhaustive search of the entire MC DS-CDMA search space constituted by all possible combinations of the received multi-user vectors. We will demonstrate that the system is capable of supporting almost as many users as the number of chips in the spreading sequence, while searching only a small fraction of the entire ML search space. It will also be demonstrated that the number of floating point operations per second is a factor of 108 lower for the proposed ACO-based MUD than that of the ML MUD, when supporting K = 32 users in a MC DS-CDMA system employing 31-chip Gold codes as the T-domain spreading sequence
Michael Xu at the party after his citizenship ceremony, [Sydney], 1997 [picture] /
No full textCondition: Good.; Title supplied by artist, see acquisition file number 204/26/00003.; Part of the collection of photographs of the Chinese community living in Australia by William Yang.; Photographer's stamp on photograph.; Photograph signed by artist.; "3/10"--Inscription below title
Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis X. - L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) <p> HOLOTYPE. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong county, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr. (Rutaceae), 8.VI.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, <i>XXL201906001</i> (holo-, SICAU 19-0004), ex-type living culture (SICAUCC 19-0005).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the place where the fungus was collected.</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF557217.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong county, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco (Rutaceae), 20.III.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>YCL201903006</i> (SICAU 19- 0008), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0009); on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco ‘Ponkan’ (Rutaceae), 8.VI.2019, <i>XXL201906003</i> (SICAU 19-0005), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0006); 5.IV.2019, <i>YCL201904001</i> (SICAU 19-0007), living culture (SICAUCC 19- 0008); 29°46’22.97”N, 104°49’12.20”E, alt. 303 m, on dead twigs of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> (Linnaeus) L’Heritier ex Ventenat (Moraceae), 19.X.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201910003</i> (SICAU 20-0002), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0002); Ya’an City, Yucheng District, 30°8’7.84”N, 103°3’21.29”E, alt. 907 m, on dead twigs of <i>Lagerstroemia indica</i> L. (Lythraceae), 28.XI.2019, collected by C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201911005</i> (SICAU 20-0005), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0005).</p> <p> ADDITIONAL GENBANK NUMBER. — SICAUCC 19-0005: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075592; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027608. SICAUCC 19-0006: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075593; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027609. SICAUCC 19-0008: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075595; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027611. SICAUCC 19-0009: <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027612. SICAUCC 20- 0002: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075587; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075603. SICAUCC 20-0005: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075590; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075606.</p> DESCRIPTION <p>Saprobic on decaying woody branches and twigs.</p> <i>Sexual morphology</i> <p> Ascomata 930-2370 µm long × 760-1930 µm wide × 280- 820 µm high (<i>x</i> = 1318 × 1249 × 479 µm, n = 20), apothecioid, carbonaceous, scattered to gregarious, semi-immersed, black, exposed with irregular, oval to circular in outline, reddish brown, or brown to black disc, folded along the margins with perpendicularly striate along the long axis, compressed at the apex. Exciple 60-107 µm wide (<i>x</i> = 80 µm, n = 15), two-layered, outer layer is composed of thick-walled, dark brown to brown cells of textura globulosa, inner layer is composed of thin-walled, hyaline to light brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 1.3-3.2 µm wide at the base, 3.1-4.9 µm wide at swollen tips (n = 20), dense, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, branched and forming a yellow epithecium above the asci, slightly swollen with dense septa at the apex. Hymenium turns blue in Melzer’s reagent, J +. Asci 143-196 <i>×</i> 9.9-13 µm (<i>x</i> = 169 × 12 µm, n = 30), 6-8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, short pedicellate and apically rounded with an ocular chamber, J- in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 18-30 <i>×</i> 8-11 µm (<i>x</i> = 24 × 9.6 µm, n = 40), partially overlapping, uniseriate, 1-2-3-septate, frequently 3-septate, ellipsoid or fusoid, straight or slightly curved, constricted septum, olive-green to brown or dark brown, without a mucilaginous sheath.</p> <i>Asexual morphology</i> <p>Undetermined.</p> <i>Culture characteristics</i> <p>Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours and germ tubes produced from any cell. Colonies growing on PDA reach 3 cm diam after six days at 25°C, flat, circular, initially white, becoming gray to dark gray or reddish brown.</p> NOTES <p> The new species <i>Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. differs from <i>R. thailandium</i> in size of ascomata (930-2370 × 760-1930 × 280-820 µm vs 700- 1200 × 530-750 × 360-640 µm), the width of exciple (60- 107 µm, vs 72-130 µm), the length of asci (143-196 µm vs 135-160 µm), the ascospore septation (1-2-3-septate vs 3-septate), and the color of ascospore. <i>R. sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. is phylogenetically close to <i>R. thailandicum</i>.We compared the nucleotides of LSU, SSU, <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> and ITS gene regions to <i>R. thailandicum</i> (holo-, MFLUCC 14-0503). <i>R. sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. has 20 (<i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i>, 2.15 %), 11 (ITS, 2.16 %) base-pair differences to <i>R. thailandicum</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Xiu-Lan, Xiao, Qian-Gang, Yang, Chun-Lin, Jeewon, Rajesh & Liu, Ying-Gao, 2022, Multigene phylogenetic support for novel Rhytidhysteron Speg. species (Hysteriaceae) from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 63-79 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on pages 70-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815283">http://zenodo.org/record/7815283</a>
Near-Optimum Soft-Output Ant-Colony-Optimization Based Multiuser Detection for the DS-CDMA uplink
No full textIn this contribution, a novel soft-output Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Multi-User Detector (MUD) is proposed for the synchronous Direct-Sequence Code-Division- Multiple-Access (DS-CDMA) uplink. The foraging behaviour of the ant colony in nature motivates the employment of reduced search ACO-based MUDs, which are capable of approaching the optimum Maximum Likelihood (ML) MUD’s performance at the cost of a computational complexity, which maybe as low as that of the Mathched Filter (MF) based Single User Detector (SUD). However, the previously proposed conventional ACO based MUDs were unable to provide soft Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) values for the channel decoder. Hence in this paper, we present a novel soft-output ACO-MUD capable of delivering soft LLRs, which allows a CDMA system to achieve a near-single-user performance without any additional information feedback from the channel decoder, even when the number of users supported is as high as the number of chip in the spreading sequence. Our numerical results show that at a BER of 10-3, the performance of the currently known ACO-assisted state-of-the-art systems can be improved by about 17dB with the aid of the proposed soft-output ACO-MUD. More explicitly, the soft-output ACOMUD is capable of approaching the optimum performance of the Bayesian detector, when K = 32 UL users are supported with the aid of 31-chip Gold codes, while the complexity of the former is only a fraction of 10-8 of the latter
Rhodesiella guangdongensis Xu & Yang, 2005, sp. nov.
No full textRhodesiella guangdongensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Diagnosis. Frontal triangle polished black. Scutellum elongateconical, about 1.6 times as long as wide, with 3 pairs of distinct tubercles, each of which is yellow on distal half and blackened on basal half; distance between tips of the tubercles of 2 ap sc nearly equal to that between those of ap sc and distal la sc. Legs largely yellow, but blackish brown only on distal 3 tarsomeres of fore leg and the last tarsomere of mid and hind legs; hind femur not thickened. Surstylus very large, bandshaped; pregonite oblong. Description. Male Body length 2.85–3.10 mm, wing length 2.15–2.40 mm. Head black, about 2 times as wide as long, in profile about 1.2 times as broad as long; frons dark brown, slightly longer than wide; frontal triangle polished black, much longer than wide, its anterior extremity obtuse and its lateral sides somewhat convex. Hairs and bristles on head yellow. Antenna with basal 2 segments yellow, 3 rd segment largely yellow with brown dorsodistal margin; arista blackish. Proboscis brown; palpus reddish brown. Thorax black. Hairs and bristles on thorax yellow, 1 + 1 npl. Mesonotum weakly convex, slightly broader than long; scutellum elongateconical, about 1.6 times as long as wide and about 3 / 4 as long as mesonotum; 3 pairs of yellow scutellar bristles present on distinct tubercles, each of which is nearly 2 times as long as wide, yellow on distal half and blackened on basal half; ap sc about 0.7 times as long as scutellum and 2.7 times as long as basal la sc; basal la sc about 1 / 2 as long as distal la sc; distance between tips of the tubercles of basal and distal la sc shorter than that between those of ap sc and distal la sc; distance between tips of the tubercles of 2 ap sc nearly equal to that between those of ap sc and distal la sc. Legs mostly yellow, blackish brown only on distal 3 tarsomeres of fore leg and the last tarsomere of mid and hind legs. Hairs on legs mostly yellow. Hind femur not thickened, about 1.4 times as broad as succeeding tibia at middle. Wing hyaline, about 2.2 times as long as wide, veins brownish yellow; relative lengths of costal sections 2 nd: 3 rd: 4 th = 3.5: 3.0: 1.6; crossvein rm slightly distad beyond middle of discal cell, opposite 0.57 of its length; R 4 + 5 and M 1 + 2 nearly parallel; M 1 + 2 slightly convex forward basally. Halter yellow. Abdomen blackish brown, basal 2 segments yellow. Hairs on abdomen black. Male genitalia (Figs. 2–4). Epandrium dark brown, in dorsal view about 0.28 mm in width and about 0.15 mm in length, dorsodistal notch of epandrium deeply incised; surstylus brownish yellow, very large, bandshaped and about 3 times as broad as epandrium in lateral view; hypandrium laterally broadened; pregonite oblong; postgonite incurved at basal 1 / 3; distiphallus in lateral view bending ventrad at middle, then upcurved near apex. Female. Body length 2.80–3.38 mm, Wing length 2.40–2.65 mm. Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Guangdong, Ruyuan, Nanling National Nature Reserve, 2003. VII. 24, Shuwen, An. Paratypes 1 male, same locality as holotype, 2003. VII. 23, Shuwen, An; 2 females, same as holotype. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality Guangdong. Remarks. The new species is similar to R. monticola Kanmiya from Taiwan and R. postinigra Yang &Yang from Yunnan in having the frontal triangle polished black; the scutellum prolonged with 3 pairs of distinct tubercles, each of which is yellow on distal half and blackened on basal half; the legs largely yellow with hind femur not thickened and the surstylus very large, bandshaped. This species may be separated from R. monticola by the distance between tips of the tubercles of 2 ap sc nearly equal to that between those of ap sc and distal la sc, and from R. postinigra by having the hind tibia entirely yellow. In R. postinigra, the hind tibia is blackish with the yellow base and apex. In both R. monticola and R. postinigra, the distance between tips of the tubercles of ap sc and distal la sc is longer than that between those of 2 ap sc. The new species is also easily distinguished from them by the male phallic organs.Published as part of Xu, Yanling & Yang, Ding, 2005, Species of Rhodesiella from Guangdong, South China (Diptera: Chloropidae), pp. 49-53 in Zootaxa 1046 on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16991
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