62 research outputs found
The Impact of Rural Homestead Reform on the Willingness of Migrant Populations to Settle down
No full textThis paper analyzes and explores the impact of rural homestead reform on migrant workers′ urban residence willingness under the reform in the homestead system since 2015 based on the monitoring data of China′s migrant population in 2017 and the logistic regression model. According to the classical logistic regression model, researchers control characteristics on the individual, household, and city levels and use the experience of parent\u27s outflow as an instrument, combined with the propensity score matching method and IV method, to solve endogeneity. The preliminary research results show that homestead ownership significantly reduces migrant workers\u27 willingness to stay. In addition, homestead ownership has a weakening effect on the willingness to stay permanently for households in different income brackets, and the weakening effect is strongest for low-income households. If the government attempts to reduce the brain drain and let more talents return to rural areas to build grassroots communities, it can accelerate the promotion of the homestead reform in the whole country accordingly
Antiviral glycosidic bisindole alkaloids from the roots of <i>Isatis indigotica</i>
No full text<div><p>Seven new glycosidic bisindole alkaloids, isatindigobisindolosides A–G (<b>1</b>–<b>7</b>), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the <i>Isatis indigotica</i> roots. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods, together with calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory. In the NMR spectra of <b>1</b>–<b>3</b>, it is found that integration of H-2 and intensity of C-2 are affected not only by a substitution group at C-2 but also by solvents. Influences of the glucopyranosyloxy on the calculated ECD spectra of the glycosidic bisindole alkaloids are discussed. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>5</b>, and <b>6</b> showed antiviral activity against both the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2) and Coxsackie virus B3 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.4–100.0 μM.</p></div
From Mechanical Spraying to Electrospraying-Advanced Technology Teaching in Higher Education
No full textHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer: how the latest results are improving therapeutic options
No full textHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains an incurable disease, and approximately 25% of patients with HER2+ early breast cancer still relapse after adjuvant trastuzumab-based treatment. HER2 is a validated therapeutic target that remains relevant throughout the disease process. Recently, a number of novel HER2 targeted agents have become available, including lapatinib (a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both HER2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor), pertuzumab (a new anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, a novel antibody-drug conjugate), which provide additional treatment options for patients with HER2+ MBC. The latest clinical trials have demonstrated improved outcome with treatment including pertuzumab or T-DM1 compared with standard HER2 targeted therapy. Here we review the clinical development of approved and investigational targeted agents for the treatment of HER2+ MBC, summarize the latest results of important clinical trials supporting use of these agents in the treatment of HER2+ MBC, and discuss how these results impact therapeutic options in clinical practice.SCI(E)[email protected]
Non-Luminal Disease Score for Everolimus in Patients with Hormone Receptor‑positive and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Multicenter and Retrospective Study
No full textYujing Tan,1,* Hanfang Jiang,2,* Xinzhu Tian,1,* Fei Ma,1 Jiayu Wang,1 Pin Zhang,1 Binghe Xu,1 Ying Fan,1 Weihong Zhao3 1Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying Fan; Weihong Zhao, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: This study aims to explore the role of the non-luminal disease score (NOLUS) for everolimus in patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC).Methods: NOLUS has previously been established as an algorithm: NOLUS (0– 100) = − 0.45 × ER(%) − 0.28 × PR(%) + 0.27 × Ki67(%) + 73. Information of cancer patients was retrospectively collected from three cancer centers in China.Results: Totally, 198 HR+/HER2- ABC patients with complete records in expression rates (%) of ER, PR and Ki67 were enrolled in the study. The expression rates (%) of ER, PR, and Ki67 were 38.8 ± 27.9 versus 80.9 ± 14.2 (p < 0.001), 13.9 ± 14.3 versus 50.2 ± 30.4 (p < 0.001), and 37.8 ± 23.6 versus 28.7 ± 19.9 (p = 0.04), respectively, for NOLUS-positive patients and NOLUS-negative patients. For the overall population, the median PFS was 5.8 months versus 5.1 months in NOLUS-positive and NOLUS-negative patients (p = 0.16, HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.50, 1.12). The median 1L-, 2L, and 3L-PFS was 13.9 months versus 11.8 months (p = 0.22, HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.74, 3.62), 6.7 months versus 3.6 months (p = 0.08, HR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.10, 1.18), and 4.6 months versus 4.0 months (p = 0.81, HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.63, 1.79) respectively, for NOLUS-positive patients and NOLUS-negative patients.Conclusion: NOLUS-positive patients have a lower percentage of ER and PR, but a higher percentage of Ki67 index. The correlation between the benefits of everolimus and NOLUS failed to develop significance, suggesting that NOLUS may not be applicable in predicting everolimus efficacy in patients with HR+/HER2- ABC. Further research is expected.Keywords: NOLUS, advanced breast cancer, everolimus, HR+/HER2- breast cancer, efficac
Revisiting SSL for sound event detection: complementary fusion and adaptive post-processing
No full textAbstract Self-supervised learning (SSL) models offer powerful representations for sound event detection (SED), yet their synergistic potential remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates state-of-the-art SSL models to guide optimal model selection and integration for SED. We propose a framework combining heterogeneous SSL model (BEATs, HuBERT, WavLM, etc.) representations through three fusion strategies: individual SSL embedding integration, dual-modal fusion, and full aggregation. Our experiments on the DCASE 2023 Task 4 Challenge reveal that dual-modal fusion (e.g., CRNN+BEATs+WavLM) achieves complementary performance gains, while CRNN+BEATs alone attains superior individual SSL embedding integration results. We further introduce a normalized sound event bounding boxes (nSEBBs), an adaptive post-processing method that dynamically adjusts target events detection boundaries, improving PSDS 1 by up to 4% for standalone SSL models. These findings provide important insights into SSL model compatibility, demonstrating that task-specific fusion and dynamic post-processing enhance robustness. Our work establishes a reference for selecting and integrating SSL architectures in SED systems, balancing efficiency and accuracy for real-world deployment
Towards Faithful Local Explanations: Leveraging SVM to Interpret Black-Box Machine Learning Models
No full textAlthough machine learning (ML) models are widely used in many fields, their prediction processes are often hard to understand. This lack of transparency makes it harder for people to trust them, especially in high-stakes fields like healthcare and finance. Human-interpretable explanations for model predictions are crucial in these contexts. While existing local interpretation methods have been proposed, many suffer from low local fidelity, instability, and limited effectiveness when applied to highly nonlinear models. This paper presents SVM-X, a model-agnostic local explanation approach designed to address these challenges. By leveraging the inherent symmetry of the SVM hyperplane, SVM-X precisely captures the local decision boundaries of complex nonlinear models, providing more accurate and stable explanations. Experimental evaluations on the UCI Adult dataset, the Bank Marketing dataset, and the Amazon Product Review dataset demonstrate that SVM-X consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods like LIME and LEMNA. Notably, SVM-X achieves up to a 27.2% improvement in accuracy. Our work introduces a reliable and interpretable framework for understanding machine learning predictions, offering a promising new direction for future research
Sulfur-enriched alkaloids from the root of Isatis indigotica
No full textFive new sulfur-enriched alkaloids isatithioetherins A–E (1–5), and two pairs of scalemic enantiomers (+)- and (−)-isatithiopyrin B (6a and 6b) and isoepigoitrin and isogoitrin (7a and 7b), along with the known scalemic enantiomers epigoitrin and goitrin (8a and 8b), were isolated and characterized from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica roots. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 2D NMR and theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Compounds 1–5 represent a novel group of sulfur-enriched alkaloids, biogenetically originating from stereoselective assemblies of epigoitrin-derived units. Isolation and structure characterization of 6a and 6b support the postulated biosynthetic pathways for the diastereomers 9a and 9b via a rare thio-Diels–Alder reaction. Compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against the influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2, IC50 0.60 and 1.92 μmol/L) and the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1, IC50 3.70 and 2.87 μmol/L), and 2 also inhibited Coxsackie virus B3 (IC50 0.71 μmol/L). KEY WORDS: Cruciferae, Isatis indigotica, Sulfur-containing alkaloids, Isatithioetherins A–E, Isatithiopyrins A and B, Isoepigoitrin, Isogoitrin, Antiviral activit
Comparative Genome-Wide Alternative Splicing Analysis between Preadipocytes and Adipocytes
No full textAlternative splicing is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in gene expression that allows a single gene to generate multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Adipocyte development is regulated by many processes, and recent studies have found that splicing factors also play an important role in adipogenic development. In the present study, we further investigated the differences in selective shearing during different periods of adipocyte differentiation. We identified five alternative splicing types including skipped exon, mutually exclusive exon, Alternative 5′ splice site, Alternative 3′ splice site, and Retained intron, with skipped exons being the most abundant type of selective shearing. In total, 641 differentially expressed selective shearing genes were obtained, enriched in 279 pathways, from which we selected and verified the accuracy of the sequencing results. Overall, RNA-seq revealed changes in the splicing and expression levels of these new candidate genes between precursor adipocytes and adipocytes, suggesting that they may be involved in adipocyte generation and differentiation
Sesquiterpenes from the roots of <i>Illicium oligandrum</i>
No full text<div><p>Two new sesquiterpenes, oligandrin (<b>1</b>) and oligandric acid (<b>2</b>), together with three analogues, tashironin A (<b>3</b>), tashironin (<b>4</b>), and oplodiol (<b>5</b>), were isolated from the roots of <i>Illicium oligandrum</i>. The structures of new compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D NMR experiments and X-ray diffraction. Compound <b>1</b> represents a presumed biosynthetic precursor of <i>seco</i>-prezizaane sesquiterpenes which consists of a novel 6/6/5 tricarbocyclic skeleton. Compound <b>2</b> is the first example of chamipinene-type sesquiterpene possessing a 6/4/6 tricyclic system from the genus <i>Illicium</i>. Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> for their activity against coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), and influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1). Compound <b>1</b> showed selective antiviral activity against CVB3 with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 11.11 μM.</p></div
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