14,870 research outputs found
Evolving Fuzzy Rules for Relaxed-Criteria Negotiation
No full textIn the literature on automated negotiation, very few negotiation agents are designed with the flexibility to slightly relax their negotiation criteria to reach a consensus more rapidly and with more certainty. Furthermore, these relaxed-criteria negotiation agents were not equipped with the ability to enhance their performance by learning and evolving their relaxed-criteria negotiation rules. The impetus of this work is designing market-driven negotiation agents (MDAs) that not only have the flexibility of relaxing bargaining criteria using fuzzy rules, but can also evolve their structures by learning new relaxed-criteria fuzzy rules to improve their negotiation outcomes as they participate in negotiations in more e-markets. To this end, an evolutionary algorithm for adapting and evolving relaxed-criteria fuzzy rules was developed. Implementing the idea in a testbed, two kinds of experiments for evaluating and comparing EvEMDAs (MDAs with relaxed-criteria rules that are evolved using the evolutionary algorithm) and EMDAs (MDAs with relaxed-criteria rules that are manually constructed) were carried out through stochastic simulations. Empirical results show that: 1) EvEMDAs generally outperformed EMDAs in different types of e-markets and 2) the negotiation outcomes of EvEMDAs generally improved as they negotiated in more e-markets
The sim gene of Escherichia coli phage P1: nucleotide sequence and purification of the processed protein
No full textMaillou J, Dreiseikelmann B. The sim gene of Escherichia coli phage P1: nucleotide sequence and purification of the processed protein. Virology. 1990;175(2):500-507.The sim gene of bacteriophage P1 causes exclusion of a superinfecting P1 phage. We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 1.9-kb DNA fragment that, in plasmids, causes Sim phenotype. There are two open reading frames within this region for proteins of 82 and 259 amino acids. A 1.3-kb fragment containing the larger open reading frame was inserted into an expression vector. Induced cells carrying the hybrid plasmid, termed pBD5, were not infected by phage P1 and produced a 24-kDa protein and, to a smaller extent, a 25-kDa protein. The 24-kDa protein was purified. Comparison of its amino-terminal amino acid sequence with the nucleotide sequence indicated that it is processed from a precursor protein by removal of a hydrophobic leader peptide of 20 amino acids. In vivo processing depends on secA gene function and is necessary for Sim interference with P1 infection. The data are discussed with respect to the function of the sim gene in superinfection exclusion
SIM-P - A Simplified Consensus Protocol Simulator: Applications to Proof of Reputation-X and Proof of Contribution
No full textBlockchain is a distributed ledger in which participating users with varying levels of trust agree on the ledger's content using a consensus mechanism called consensus protocols. There has been a rising interest in the design of consensus protocols since they play a central role in blockchain architecture. However, many recently proposed consensus protocols lack experimental verification which hampers the possible deployment of these protocols in real-world blockchain networks. In this article, we propose a simple tool called simplified consensus protocol simulator (SIM-P) that can accurately simulate the behavior of these consensus protocols with ease. It is an agent-based stochastic simulator that relies on the sequential Monte Carlo method to model how block publishers are selected. The likelihood of each node (represented as agents) being selected as a block publisher is represented by independent trials in a binomial experiment. We provide a base SIM-P model that simulates Proof of Work (PoW) for benchmarking purposes. The PoW model also serves as the basic structure of the simulator that can be adapted to other protocols. We showcase the flexibility of SIM-P by proposing two additional simulation models for Proof of Reputation-X and Proof of Contribution, both of which lack experimental verification in their original design specifications. We show how the simulator can be used to produce vital metrics, such as throughput, resistance against the 51% attack, and energy consumption. We verify the accuracy of SIM-P by comparing PoW's simulated results with theoretical estimates and historical Bitcoin data
A simple disc wind model for broad absorption line quasars
No full textApproximately 20 per cent of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) exhibit broad, blue-shifted absorption lines in their ultraviolet spectra. Such features provide clear evidence for significant outflows from these systems, most likely in the form of accretion disc winds. These winds may represent the ‘quasar’ mode of feedback that is often invoked in galaxy formation/evolution models, and they are also key to unification scenarios for active galactic nuclei (AGN) and QSOs. To test these ideas, we construct a simple benchmark model of an equatorial, biconical accretion disc wind in a QSO and use a Monte Carlo ionization/radiative transfer code to calculate the ultraviolet spectra as a function of viewing angle. We find that for plausible outflow parameters, sightlines looking directly into the wind cone do produce broad, blue-shifted absorption features in the transitions typically seen in broad absorption line (BAL) QSOs. However, our benchmark model is intrinsically X-ray weak in order to prevent overionization of the outflow, and the wind does not yet produce collisionally excited line emission at the level observed in non-BAL QSOs. As a first step towards addressing these shortcomings, we discuss the sensitivity of our results to changes in the assumed X-ray luminosity and mass-loss rate, Ṁwind. In the context of our adopted geometry, Ṁwind ∼ Ṁacc is required in order to produce significant BAL features. The kinetic luminosity and momentum carried by such outflows would be sufficient to provide significant feedback
Grid Resource Negotiation: Survey and New Directions
No full textSince Grid computing systems involve large-scale resource sharing, resource management is central to their operations. Whereas there are more Grid resource management systems adopting auction, commodity market, and contract-net (tendering) models, this survey supplements and complements existing surveys by reviewing, comparing, and highlighting existing research initiatives on applying bargaining (negotiation) as a mechanism to Grid resource management. The contributions of this paper are: 1) discussing the motivations for considering bargaining models for Grid resource allocation; 2) discussing essential design considerations such as modeling devaluation of Grid resources, considering market dynamics, relaxing bargaining terms, and co-allocation of resources when building Grid negotiation mechanisms; 3) reviewing the strategies and protocols of state-of-the-art Grid negotiation mechanisms; 4) providing detailed comparisons and analyses on how state-of-the-art Grid negotiation mechanisms address the design considerations mentioned in 3); and 5) suggesting possible new directions
Grid Commerce, Market-Driven G-Negotiation, and Grid Resource Management
No full textAlthough the management of resources is essential
for realizing a computational grid, providing an efficient resource
allocation mechanism is a complex undertaking. Since Grid
providers and consumers may be independent bodies, negotiation
among them is necessary. The contribution of this paper
is showing that market-driven agents (MDAs) are appropriate
tools for Grid resource negotiation.MDAs are e-negotiation agents
designed with the flexibility of: 1) making adjustable amounts of
concession taking into account market rivalry, outside options,
and time preferences and 2) relaxing bargaining terms in the
face of intense pressure. A heterogeneous testbed consisting of
several types of e-negotiation agents to simulate a Grid computing
environment was developed. It compares the performance
of MDAs against other e-negotiation agents (e.g., Kasbah) in a
Grid-commerce environment. Empirical results show that MDAs
generally achieve: 1) higher budget efficiencies in many market
situations than other e-negotiation agents in the testbed and
2) higher success rates in acquiring Grid resources under high
Grid loadings
A family of heuristics for agent-based elastic Cloud bag-of-tasks concurrent scheduling
No full textThe scheduling and execution of bag-of-tasks applications (BoTs) in Clouds is performed on sets of virtualized Cloud resources that start being exhausted right after their allocation disregarding whether tasks are being executed. In addition, BoTs may be executed in potentially heterogeneous sets of Cloud resources, which may be either previously allocated for a different and fixed number of hours or dynamically reallocated as needed. In this paper, a family of 14 scheduling heuristics for concurrently executing BoTs in Cloud environments is proposed. The Cloud scheduling heuristics are adapted to the resource allocation settings (e.g., 1-hour time slots) of Clouds by focusing on maximizing Cloud resource utilization based on the remaining allocation times of Cloud resources. Cloud scheduling heuristics supported by information about BoT tasks (e.g., task size) and/or Cloud resource performances are proposed. Additionally, scheduling heuristics that require no information of either Cloud resources or tasks are also proposed. The Cloud scheduling heuristics support the dynamic inclusion of new Cloud resources while scheduling and executing a given BoT without rescheduling. Furthermore, an elastic Cloud resource allocation mechanism that autonomously and dynamically reallocates Cloud resources on demand to BoT executions is proposed. Moreover, an agent-based Cloud BoT scheduling approach that supports concurrent and parallel scheduling and execution of BoTs, and concurrent and parallel dynamic selection and composition of Cloud resources (by making use of the well-known contract net protocol) from multiple and distributed Cloud providers is designed and implemented. Empirical results show that BoTs can be (i) efficiently executed by attaining similar (in some cases shorter) makespans to commonly used benchmark heuristics (e.g., Max–min), (ii) effectively executed by achieving a 100% success execution rate even with high BoT execution request rates and executing BoTs in a concurrent and parallel manner, and that (iii) BoTs are economically executed by elastically reallocating Cloud resources on demand
Perancangan SIM-Klinik Bagian Pendaftaran Di Klinik X Kabupaten Malang
No full textThe Clinic Management Information System is not yet available at X Clinic, and with 5.000 patient visits in the past three months, the absence of this system has resulted in lengthy service processes. A preliminary study found that many patients visiting X Clinic do not bring their Patient Identity Book (KIB), which further delays the service process. Additionally, medical record duplication frequently occurs in the clinic. This study aimed to design a Clinic Management Information System (SIM-Klinik) using the waterfall model, a systematic and sequential software development approach. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method, which is a systematic approach used to create new products or enhance the quality of existing ones. The findings indicated that X Clinic required an information system capable of efficiently and accurately managing patient registration data. The SIM-Klinik design process begins with user needs analysis, followed by the development of DFD Level 0, DFD Level 1, and an ERD model. It is expected that X Clinic will utilize the research findings as a consideration for developing and implementing the SIM-Klinik, ensuring that the infrastructure and facilities align with the system's needs.Sistem Informasi Manajamen Klinik yang belum tersedia di klinik X dan jumlah kunjungannya 5000 pasien di tiga bulan terakhir mengakibatkan proses pelayanan lama. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan pasien yang datang di klinik X masih banyak yang tidak membawa KIB sehingga proses pelayanan akan terhambat dan di klinik X juga sering terjadi duplikasi rekam medis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang SIM-Klinik yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metode perancangan waterfall, yaitu pendekatan pengembangan perangkat lunak yang berlangsung secara bertahap dan berurutan. Metode yang digunakan RnD, yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan secara sistematis untuk menciptakan produk baru atau meningkatkan kualitas produk yang sudah tersedia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Klinik X memerlukan sistem informasi yang mampu mengelola data pendaftaran pasien secara efisien dan akurat. Perancangan SIM-Klnik dimulai dari analisis kebutuhan pengguna kemudian dilanjutkan merancanga DFD level 0, DFD level 1 dan ERD. Diharapkan klinik X bisa mengggunakan hasil penelitian sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk membangun SIM-Klinik, dan implementasi sistem kedepannya, dengan menyesuaikan sarana dan prasana dengan kebutuhan sistem
Agent-based Cloud service composition
No full textService composition in multi-Cloud environments
must coordinate self-interested participants, automate
service selection, (re)configure distributed services, and deal
with incomplete information about Cloud providers and
their services. This work proposes an agent-based approach
to compose services in multi-Cloud environments for different
types of Cloud services: one-time virtualized services,
e.g., processing a rendering job, persistent virtualized services,
e.g., infrastructure-as-a-service scenarios, vertical services,
e.g., integrating homogenous services, and horizontal
services, e.g., integrating heterogeneous services. Agents
are endowed with a semi-recursive contract net protocol and
service capability tables (information catalogs about Cloud
participants) to compose services based on consumer requirements.
Empirical results obtained from an agent-based
testbed show that agents in this work can: successfully compose
services to satisfy service requirements, autonomously
select services based on dynamic fees, effectively cope with
constantly changing consumers’ service needs that trigger
updates, and compose services in multiple Clouds even with
incomplete information about Cloud participants
- …
