51,799 research outputs found
Enhancing Monthly Streamflow Prediction with LSTM-P and ANN-P Models using Statistical Feature-Based Penalty Factors
No full textAccurate monthly streamflow prediction is critical for effective flood mitigation and water resource management. This study presents a novel approach that incorporates penalty terms over statistical features of input data into the loss functions of two models, LSTM-P and ANN-P, aiming to improve the predictive accuracy of monthly streamflow models during testing periods. Four specific penalty types were proposed: minimum boundary, maximum boundary, mean interval, and standard deviation interval penalties. Using historical monthly streamflow data from a hydrological station in China, the study analyzes to determine the optimal weights for each penalty and tests combinations to assess their collective impact on model performance. Comparative analysis under different penalty conditions reveals that incorporating statistical feature-based penalties during training improves predictive accuracy and enhances consistency in performance between training and testing periods—an outcome rarely achieved in previous approaches.Full Tex
Aphelopus spadiceus Xu & He
No full text<i>Aphelopus spadiceus</i> Xu & He, in Xu, He & Yao 1997: 8. <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype of <i>A. spadiceus</i>: 3, China, Guizhou, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 12.VII.1993, Songlin Yao coll. [ZJUC]. Paratype: 1 3, same locality as holotype, 14.VII.1993, Xuexin Chen coll. [ZJUC]. Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve, 1–6.X.2004, Zaifu Xu coll., 1 Ƥ [SCAU].</p> <p> <b>Hosts</b>. Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Oriental. China: Guizhou (Xu <i>et al.</i> 1997; He & Xu 2002), Guangdong (new record); Thailand (Olmi 2010).</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo, Guglielmino, Adalgisa & Chen, Huayan, 2012, Checklist of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) from Guangdong Province, China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 3231</i> on page 3, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/213133">10.5281/zenodo.213133</a>
Rhytidhysteron subrufulum X. - L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Rhytidhysteron subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (Fig. 5) <p> HOLOTYPE. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Chengdu City, Wenjiang District, 30°42’18.89”N, 103°51’30.42”E, alt. 545 m, on dead twigs of <i>Osmanthus fragrans</i> (Thunb.) Loureiro (Oleaceae), 12.X.2019, collected by C.-L.Yang, <i>YCL201910001</i> (holo-, SICAU 19-0010), ex-type living culture (SICAUCC 19-0011).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the allied species of <i>R. rufulum</i>.</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF557216.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong County, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco (Rutaceae), 8.III.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>YCL201903011</i> (SICAU 19-0009), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0010); 29°46’22.97”N, 104°49’12.20”E, alt. 303 m, on dead twigs of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> (Linnaeus) L’Heritier ex Ventenat (Moraceae), 19.X.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu and C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201910004</i> (SICAU 20-0003), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0003); Chongzhou City, 30°33’25.37”N, 103°39’30.67”E, alt. 511 m, on dead twigs of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L. (Fabaceae), 29.XI.2019, collected by C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201911012</i> (SICAU 20-0006), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0006); on dead twigs of <i>Carya illinoinensis</i> (Wangenheim) K. Koch (Juglandaceae), 18.IX.2020, collected by X.-L. Xu, <i>XXL202009001</i> (SICAU 20- 0011), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0011); Chengdu City, Wenjiang District, 30°42’18.89”N, 103°51’30.42”E, alt. 545 m, on dead wood of <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> (L.) Link (Calycanthaceae), 6.XI.2020, collected by X.-L. Xu, <i>XXL202011001</i> (SICAU 22-0001), living culture (SICAUCC 22-0001).</p> <p> ADDITIONAL GENBANK NUMBER. — SICAUCC 19-0011: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075597; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027614. SICAUCC 19-0010: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075596; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027613. SICAUCC 20-0003: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075588; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075604. SICAUCC 20-0006: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075591; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075607. SICAUCC 20-0011: <i>tub</i> 2, MW219742; <i>rpb</i> 2, MW219741. SICAUCC 22-0001: <i>tub</i> 2, OM371084; <i>rpb</i> 2, OM371083.</p> DESCRIPTION <p>Saprobic on decaying woody branches and twigs.</p> <i>Sexual morphology</i> <p> Ascomata 900-2870 µm long × 900-1720 wide × 470-660 high (<i>x</i> = 1909 × 1220 × 546 µm, n = 20), apothecioid, carbonaceous, scattered to gregarious, black, labiates and elliptic or irregular in shape, perpendicularly striate along the long axis, reddish brown to black on the disc. Exciple 36-83 µm wide (<i>x =</i> 62, n = 15), two-layered, outer layer comprising thick- walled, brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis and textura globulosa, inner layer comprising thinwalled, light brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis and textura prismatica. Hamathecium composed of 1.6-2.4 µm wide at the base, 2.5-4.0 µm wide at swollen tips (n = 20), dense, septate, pseudoparaphyses, branched and forming brown epithecium above the asci, slightly swollen at the apex, hymenium turns blue in Melzer’s reagent, J +. Asci 183- 214 × 13-20 µm (<i>x</i> = 202 × 16 µm, n = 15), (5-)8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, with short pedicel and apically rounded with an ocular chamber, J- in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 29-41 × 10-15 µm (<i>x</i> = 33 × 13 µm, n = 30), ellipsoidal or fusiform, straight or slightly curved, slightly pointed at both ends, partially overlapping, uniseriate, (2-)3-septate, constricted septum, light brown to dark brown, without a mucilaginous sheath.</p> <i>Asexual morphology</i> <p>Undetermined.</p> <i>Culture characteristics</i> <p>Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours and germ tubes produced from any cell. Colonies growing on PDA reach 4 cm diam after five days at 25°C, flat, circular, initially white, gradually becoming yellow to gray.</p> NOTES <p> Morphological comparison shows <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. with similar perpendicular striations as typical <i>R. rufulum</i> and <i>R. esperanzae</i>. But the exciple of <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (36-83 µm) is thinner than <i>R. rufulum</i> (75-228 µm) and <i>R. esperanzae</i> (60-220 µm), and the asci are wider than <i>R. rufulum</i> (16 µm vs 13.5 µm), and shorter than <i>R. esperanzae</i> (183-214 µm vs 250-270 µm). Furthermore, the asci are (5-)8-spored in <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov., 8-spored in <i>R. rufulum</i> and undescribed in <i>R. esperanzae</i>. And ascospores of <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. are larger than <i>R. rufulum</i>, but smaller than <i>R. esperanzae</i> (33 × 13 µm vs 31 × 11 µm vs 45 <i>×</i> 17 µm) (Thambugala <i>et al</i>. 2016; Cobos-Villagrán <i>et al</i>. 2021). It is worth mentioning that the specimen SICAU 19-0009 had a large number of fusiform and 1-septate ascospores obviously pointed at both ends, but those ascospores did not germinate at room temperature for a week. The LSU and SSU DNA sequences between <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (SICAUCC 19-0011) and <i>R. rufulum</i> (MFLUCC 14-0577, MFLUCC 12-0013) are almost identical, but there are sufficient basepair differences in <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> (1.66 %, MFLUCC 14-0577) (no data, MFLUCC 12-0013) and ITS (1.47 %, MFLUCC 14-0577) (1.52 %, MFLUCC 12-0013) gene. In the comparison of <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> sequence, it shows 1.68 % differences between <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. and <i>R. esperanzae</i>, whereas no data on ITS sequence. With these morphological and DNA sequence differences, this species is identified as a new species named <i>R. subrufulum</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. A table summarizing major morphological differences among <i>Rhytidhysteron</i> species is shown in Table 2.</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Xiu-Lan, Xiao, Qian-Gang, Yang, Chun-Lin, Jeewon, Rajesh & Liu, Ying-Gao, 2022, Multigene phylogenetic support for novel Rhytidhysteron Speg. species (Hysteriaceae) from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 63-79 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on page 72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815283">http://zenodo.org/record/7815283</a>
Perturbation analysis of the maximal solution of the matrix equation X+A∗X−1A=P
No full textAbstractConsider the nonlinear matrix equationX+A∗X−1A=P,where A, P are n×n complex matrices with P Hermitian positive definite, and A∗ denotes the conjugate transpose of a matrix A. In this paper a perturbation bound for the maximal solution of the matrix equation and a computable error bound for approximate solutions are derived by using an elegant property of the maximal solution. The results are illustrated by using numerical examples
Dryinus adgressor Xu, Olmi & He 2006
No full text45. <i>Dryinus adgressor</i> Xu, Olmi & He, 2006 * <p> <i>Dryinus adgressor</i> Xu, Olmi & He 2006b: 92.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype of <i>D. adgressor</i>: Ƥ, China, Guangdong, Shixing County, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, 21.VIII.2003, Zaifu Xu coll., female holotype [ZJUC]. Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve, 16.X.2007, Zaifu Xu coll., 1 Ƥ [SCAU].</p> <p> <b>Hosts.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Oriental. China: Guangdong (Xu <i>et al.</i> 2006b, 2011b).</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo, Guglielmino, Adalgisa & Chen, Huayan, 2012, Checklist of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) from Guangdong Province, China, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 3231</i> on page 14, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/213133">10.5281/zenodo.213133</a>
Negative Impacts of School Class Segregation on Migrant Children’s Education Expectations and the Associated Mitigating Mechanism
No full textThis study thoroughly analyzes the impacts of school class segregation on the four dimensions of educational expectations of migrant children, and verifies the moderating effects of migrant children's identification with the college entrance examination policy on the relationship between the two. A total of 1770 questionnaires were collected for this study. Through multiple regression analysis and moderating effect tests on the data, this study reveals that school class segregation has a significant negative impact on the educational expectations of migrant children; the migrant children's identification with the college entrance examination policy also partially moderates the impacts of school class segregation on the academic achievement expectations and interpersonal expectations of migrant children. Informed by these results, this study proposes the following three mechanisms that can be used to mitigate the negative impacts of school class segregation on migrant children's educational expectations: (a) an institutional mechanism involving the "unified urban-rural household registration"; (b) a cultural mechanism involving "promoting learning through examinations"; (c) a compensation mechanism involving the "principle of justice". This paper provides a Chinese perspective on the issue of school class segregation by offering a policy reference for the improvement of the college entrance examination policy for migrant children and the reform of the household registration system
Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis X. - L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) <p> HOLOTYPE. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong county, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus maxima</i> (Burm.) Merr. (Rutaceae), 8.VI.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C. - L. Yang, <i>XXL201906001</i> (holo-, SICAU 19-0004), ex-type living culture (SICAUCC 19-0005).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the place where the fungus was collected.</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF557217.</p> <p> ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — <b>China</b>. Sichuan Province, Zizhong county, 29°46’28.29”N, 104°49’19.66”E, alt. 316 m, on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco (Rutaceae), 20.III.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>YCL201903006</i> (SICAU 19- 0008), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0009); on dead twigs of <i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco ‘Ponkan’ (Rutaceae), 8.VI.2019, <i>XXL201906003</i> (SICAU 19-0005), living culture (SICAUCC 19-0006); 5.IV.2019, <i>YCL201904001</i> (SICAU 19-0007), living culture (SICAUCC 19- 0008); 29°46’22.97”N, 104°49’12.20”E, alt. 303 m, on dead twigs of <i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> (Linnaeus) L’Heritier ex Ventenat (Moraceae), 19.X.2019, collected by X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201910003</i> (SICAU 20-0002), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0002); Ya’an City, Yucheng District, 30°8’7.84”N, 103°3’21.29”E, alt. 907 m, on dead twigs of <i>Lagerstroemia indica</i> L. (Lythraceae), 28.XI.2019, collected by C.-L. Yang, <i>XXL201911005</i> (SICAU 20-0005), living culture (SICAUCC 20-0005).</p> <p> ADDITIONAL GENBANK NUMBER. — SICAUCC 19-0005: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075592; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027608. SICAUCC 19-0006: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075593; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027609. SICAUCC 19-0008: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075595; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027611. SICAUCC 19-0009: <i>rpb</i> 2, MT027612. SICAUCC 20- 0002: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075587; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075603. SICAUCC 20-0005: <i>tub</i> 2, MT075590; <i>rpb</i> 2, MT075606.</p> DESCRIPTION <p>Saprobic on decaying woody branches and twigs.</p> <i>Sexual morphology</i> <p> Ascomata 930-2370 µm long × 760-1930 µm wide × 280- 820 µm high (<i>x</i> = 1318 × 1249 × 479 µm, n = 20), apothecioid, carbonaceous, scattered to gregarious, semi-immersed, black, exposed with irregular, oval to circular in outline, reddish brown, or brown to black disc, folded along the margins with perpendicularly striate along the long axis, compressed at the apex. Exciple 60-107 µm wide (<i>x</i> = 80 µm, n = 15), two-layered, outer layer is composed of thick-walled, dark brown to brown cells of textura globulosa, inner layer is composed of thin-walled, hyaline to light brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 1.3-3.2 µm wide at the base, 3.1-4.9 µm wide at swollen tips (n = 20), dense, hyaline, septate pseudoparaphyses, branched and forming a yellow epithecium above the asci, slightly swollen with dense septa at the apex. Hymenium turns blue in Melzer’s reagent, J +. Asci 143-196 <i>×</i> 9.9-13 µm (<i>x</i> = 169 × 12 µm, n = 30), 6-8-spored, bitunicate, clavate to cylindrical, short pedicellate and apically rounded with an ocular chamber, J- in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores 18-30 <i>×</i> 8-11 µm (<i>x</i> = 24 × 9.6 µm, n = 40), partially overlapping, uniseriate, 1-2-3-septate, frequently 3-septate, ellipsoid or fusoid, straight or slightly curved, constricted septum, olive-green to brown or dark brown, without a mucilaginous sheath.</p> <i>Asexual morphology</i> <p>Undetermined.</p> <i>Culture characteristics</i> <p>Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours and germ tubes produced from any cell. Colonies growing on PDA reach 3 cm diam after six days at 25°C, flat, circular, initially white, becoming gray to dark gray or reddish brown.</p> NOTES <p> The new species <i>Rhytidhysteron sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. differs from <i>R. thailandium</i> in size of ascomata (930-2370 × 760-1930 × 280-820 µm vs 700- 1200 × 530-750 × 360-640 µm), the width of exciple (60- 107 µm, vs 72-130 µm), the length of asci (143-196 µm vs 135-160 µm), the ascospore septation (1-2-3-septate vs 3-septate), and the color of ascospore. <i>R. sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. is phylogenetically close to <i>R. thailandicum</i>.We compared the nucleotides of LSU, SSU, <i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i> and ITS gene regions to <i>R. thailandicum</i> (holo-, MFLUCC 14-0503). <i>R. sichuanensis</i> X.-L. Xu & C.-L. Yang, sp. nov. has 20 (<i>tef-</i> 1 <i>α</i>, 2.15 %), 11 (ITS, 2.16 %) base-pair differences to <i>R. thailandicum</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Xu, Xiu-Lan, Xiao, Qian-Gang, Yang, Chun-Lin, Jeewon, Rajesh & Liu, Ying-Gao, 2022, Multigene phylogenetic support for novel Rhytidhysteron Speg. species (Hysteriaceae) from Sichuan Province, China, pp. 63-79 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3)</i> on pages 70-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7815283">http://zenodo.org/record/7815283</a>
The effects of androgens on the regulation of lipolysis in adipose precursor cells
No full textAdipose precursor cells from male rats were exposed in primary culture to testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and their effects on the regulation of lipolysis were studied. T, but not DHT, stimulated catecholamine-induced lipolysis in a dose-dependent manner, including physiological concentrations. The effect was equally pronounced with isoproterenol (a pure beta-adrenergic agonist) and norepinephrine (a mixed alpha 2- and beta-adrenergic agonist). The higher lipolytic capacity of catecholamines on T-treated cells was paralleled by a similar increase in the number of beta-adrenoceptors in the cells, without a change in the receptor affinity, suggesting that T induced new synthesis or externalization of beta-adrenoceptors. Both T and DHT stimulated forskolin-induced lipolysis, suggesting an androgen effect at the level of the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. The pertussis toxin-stimulated lipolysis was not influenced by the presence of androgens in the culture medium, and no effect was seen on the antilipolytic effect of insulin. These effects did not disappear in the presence of an aromatase inhibitor, suggesting that the T effects were not mediated by conversion to estrogens. These cells showed specific saturable binding for androgens, with a Kd in the range of androgen concentrations shown to be active. In conclusion, androgens enhance the lipolytic capacity of these cells by increasing the apparent number of beta-adrenoceptors (T only) and the activity of adenylate cyclase (both T and DHT). These changes are not mediated by conversion to estrogens. These effects probably occur via binding to specific androgen receptor
Testosterone increases lipolysis and the number of B-adrenoceptors in male rat adipocytes.
No full textThe influence of androgen status on the regulation of lipolysis and number of beta-adrenoceptors in isolated adipocytes was studied in male rats. Castration resulted in decreased catecholamine-induced as well as forskolin-induced lipolysis. beta-adrenoceptor number, examined by a whole cell cyanopindolol binding assay, was also diminished to a similar extent. Testosterone treatment of castrated rats normalized lipolysis as well as beta-adrenoceptor number. These results demonstrate that testosterone stimulates catecholamine-induced lipolysis in vivo by increasing the number of beta-adrenoceptors as well as the activity of adenylate cyclase, confirming previous in vitro studies performed in adipose precursor cells
Effects of fungal interactions among Fusarium head blight pathogens on disease development and mycotoxin accumulation
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