300 research outputs found
UAS IN RESCUE AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT DETERMINATION OF OPERATIONAL RISK
No full textUnmanned aerial vehicle systems play an increasingly important role in crisis management and rescue. The specificity of such operations makes it difficult to conduct a typical risk analysis. The paper presents European and national regulations concerning the use of UAS in relation to operational safety issues. It presents also an outline of proposed changes in relation to safety issues in the Polish aviation law. Next it contains a discussion on the meaning of risk and provisions regarding how to perform operational risk assessment in EU regulations and provides a characterization of the specificity of UAS operations in rescue and crisis management. The general principles and the procedure of the SORA analysis method were presented. The SORA method was referred to rescue and crisis operations and an assessment was made of its usefulness. A proposal was made for an alternative ERA-2.0 risk analysis method and presented for UAS rescue and crisis management operations.Systemy bezzałogowych statków powietrznych odgrywają coraz większą rolę w zarządzaniu sytuacjami kryzysowymi i w ratownictwie. Specyfika takich operacji utrudnia przeprowadzenie typowej analizy ryzyka. W artykule wskazano regulacje europejskie i krajowe dotyczące użytkowania SBSP w odniesieniu do zagadnień bezpieczeństwa operacyjnego. Przedstawiono zarys projektu zmian w odniesieniu do zagadnień bezpieczeństwa w polskim prawie lotniczym. Następnie omówiono znaczenie ryzyka i przepisy dotyczące wykonania oceny ryzyka operacyjnego w regulacjach unijnych. Scharakteryzowano specyfikę operacji SBSP w ratownictwie i zarządzaniu kryzysowym. Przytoczono ogólne zasady koncepcji i procedurę metody analizy SORA. Odniesiono metodę SORA do operacji ratowniczych i działań kryzysowych oraz dokonano ocenę jej przydatności. Zaproponowano i przedstawiono alternatywną metodę analizy ryzyka ERA-2.0 dla operacji SBSP ratowniczych i zarzadzania kryzysowego
Easy Risk Assessment for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Outline of the Method
No full textThe key element of safety systems in air transport is risk management. The rules for the safety of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations are established by the Commission Implementing Regulations (European Union [EU]) and national regulations. Risk assessment is the foundation of all activities. The broadest scope is covered by the special category of flights for which the Joint Authorities for rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS) developed the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) analysis. The primary purpose of the SORA analysis is to create a comprehensive safety portfolio, which is attached to the National Aviation Authority (NAA) application for permission to perform specific category flights. Aviation authorities may accept the use of other risk analysis methods to demonstrate risk reduced to a safe level. Easy Risk Assessment (ERA) for UASs is an attempt to determine the risk for UAS flights in a simple way by considering a range of factors influencing risk management in a similar way to the SORA. It is an uncomplicated method, which determines threats and their sources, provides risk management, and allows the determination of the level of risk tolerance. The ERA is intended to be an alternative to the SORA methodology for those looking to carry out risk assessment
Intonation of Conversational English (Educated Southern British) by Wiktor Jassem (1952)
No full textBook.Author: Jassem, Wiktor.Date: 1952.Title: Intonation of Colloquial English (Educated Southern British).Publisher: Wrocław, Nakładem Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego; Skład Glówny: Dom Ksiązki.Series: Prace Wrockławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Travaux de la Société des Sciences et de Lettres de Wrockław Seria A.Number: 45.Pages: 122Livre.Auteur: Jassem, Wiktor.Date: 1952.Titre: Intonation of Colloquial English (Educated Southern British).Editeur: Wrocław, Nakładem Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego; Skład Glówny: Dom Ksiązki.Series: Prace Wrockławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Travaux de la Société des Sciences et de Lettres de Wrockław Seria A.Numéro: 45.Pages: 12
Sora - assumptions and evaluation of the method.
No full textMetoda SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) jest
modelem zarządzania ryzykiem w lotach wykonywanych przez bezzałogowe statki
powietrzne i spełnia wymagania zawarte w rozporządzeniu wykonawczym Komisji
(UE) 2019/947. Zaprezentowano koncepcję metody i przedstawiono ogólny
przebieg procesu SORA. Wskazano załączniki A, B, C, D i E w których znajdują się
szczegóły dotyczące poszczególnych kroków procedury. Metoda ma zalety, ale
również wady i ograniczenia. Przeprowadzono analizę cech i funkcjonalności
metody SORA, co pozwoliło na sformułowanie oceny użyteczności metody.The SORA (Specific Operations Risk Assessment) method is a risk
management model for flights performed by unmanned aerial vehicles and meets
the requirements of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. The
concept of the method was presented and the general course of the SORA process
was presented. Annexes A, B, C, D and E are indicated which contain details of the
individual steps of the procedure. The method has advantages, but also
disadvantages and limitations. An analysis of the features and functionality of the
SORA method was carried out, which allowed for the formulation of the method
utility assessment
Wiktor Grygorenko
No full textWiktor Grygorenko was born on March 6, 1927. He passed his final high school exam in Katowice in 1949 and after a military training he began his studies at the Military School of Topographers. Then he studied geodesy at the Military Engineering Academy in Moscow. Having returned to Warsaw in 1959, he worked in the Military Cartographic Works and later in the Topographic Board of the General Staff of the Polish Army. Simultaneously, he took a lecturer post at the Military Technical Academy in Warsaw where he elaborated student textbooks on maps editing, cartographic reproduction, and mathematical cartography. His comprehensive manual Elaboration of general geographical maps was published in 1970. He was a member of the editorial staff at the popular World Atlas, published in 1962-1968 and also known under the name of Pergamon World Atlas. A new and innovative projection devised by Wiktor Grygorenko was used in the World Atlas, nowadays known as the projection of the Polish Army Topographical Service. In 1971 he obtained the degree of a Doctor of Technical Sciences in cartography at the Warsaw University of Technology. The subject of his thesis were theoretical fundamentals of the automatic cartographic data processing. Wiktor Grygorenko was one of the Polish pioneers of computer usage in cartography and was the author of many valuable papers on the subject. He began to work at University of Warsaw in 1972, In 1978 he completed his habilitation procedures on the basis of his dissertation entitled Quantitative Parameters of the Cartographic Content Composition in which he formulated the idea of the quantitative model of a map, thus drawing a new direction of theoretical and practical works in cartographic design and evaluation. Many papers on cartographic generalisation with usage of computer methods were created under his guidance. In 1980, three years after the unexpected death of professor Lech Ratajski, Wiktor Grygorenko became the Head of the Chair of Cartography at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies. In 1981 he became the Vice-dean for student affairs and served two terms. His first term fell in the difficult period of the martial law when he defended students on many occasions, gaining their gratitude and respect. In autumn 1982 he also became the Head of the Department of Cartography at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, which he administered until 1992. Making a good use of his broad didactic experience, he published several absorbing articles on educating cartographers with the geographic training. He actively participated in conferences, conventions, and cartographic trainings, animating discussions with his inspiring speeches. In summer 1982, during the 11th conference of the International Cartographic Association in Warsaw he presented the paper Cybernetic model of cartographic communication that was in certain degree a continuation and an explication of professor Lech Ratajski's idea of communication model. The main field of professor Grygorenko's (he obtained the professorship in 1992) scientific interest were theoretical issues related to the automation of the maps editing and usage processes. His interest in the history of cartography resulted in the publication of several interesting papers on the subject and participation in meetings of cartography historians. He served many social functions both at the University of Warsaw and among the geodesists and cartographers. Professor Wiktor Grygorenko died on February 25, 2008
„Safety Case” dla RPAS w aspekcie Human Factor
No full textLegal regulations regarding the procedures and safe use of airspace can not keep up with the rapid development of the commercial use of unmanned aircraft. For the ”Safety Case” for unmanned remote systems RPAS in the aspect of human factor, HRA methods – Human Reliability Analysis and Bow Tie Analysis were used. Hazard analysis and risk assessment for RPAS flights was carried out. Due to the remote control flights, analysis of the problem focuses on the actions of the human factor. The presented ”Safety Case”, using the HRA and ”Fly Analysis” methods identifies hazards, determines risk indicators and points the tolerance levels of risks. The specific measures to reduce the likelihood and/or severity of possible adverse events are suggested. The presented model can be used as a risk management tool.
UAS Regulations in The Aspect of Unmanned Aviation Safety
No full textAbstract: The dynamic development of unmanned aviation forced the definition of the rules for performing UAS flight operations. The UAS regulations set the rules for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and organize their functioning in integration with manned aviation. The paramount goal of the introduced regulations and provisions is to ensure an appropriate level of safety. Regulations should take into account both the current development needs of the industry and clearly defined safety objectives. It is important to all aviation stakeholders that, despite the shared use of a part of the airspace by both types of aviation, public recognition of the high level of aviation safety has not deteriorated. The introduced regulations had a direct impact on the safety of operations in both manned and unmanned aviation. The current experience of the impact of regulations in manned aviation is outlined and the current regulations in unmanned aviation, as well as safety and risk management, are discussed. The importance of the VLOS and BVLOS unmanned operations as well as the open, special and certified categories were discussed. In both types of aviation, one of the most significant factors influencing the level of safety is the human factor (HF). Therefore, the participation and importance of HF as an important component of the existing and implemented regulations was taken into account. Reference was made to the changes currently introduced at the national and European levels. The final conclusions are presented in the summary. Keywords: UAS; Safety; Threats; Risk; Regulations; Safety management; SOR
Projected changes concerning UAS in the Polish Aviation Law and other acts
No full textBranża bezzałogowych statków powietrznych rozwija się dynamicznie i wyprzedza regulacje z nią związane. Integracja lotnictwa załogowego z bezzałogowym jest koniecznością w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniego poziomu bezpieczeństwa oraz zrównoważonego rozwoju branży bezzałogowych statków powietrznych. Dlatego przygotowano nowelizację polskiego prawa lotniczego. Uwzględniono w niej obowiązujące regulacje unijne dotyczące UAS, które są stosowane bezpośrednio od początku 2021 roku. Prawo unijne wymaga jednak uszczegółowienia w wielu kwestiach. Doprecyzowanie rozwiązań unijnych pozwoli na bardziej skuteczne oddziaływanie przepisów na użytkowników UAS oraz władze lotnicze i osiągnięcie zakładanych celów projektowanych zmian. W artykule omówiono przyczyny wprowadzanych zmian, zarys i istotę unijnych rozwiązań regulacyjnych oraz elementy rozstrzygnięć krajowych. Zaprezentowano projektowane zmiany w ustawie Prawo lotnicze oraz ustawach o PAŻP z dnia 8 grudnia 2006 r i ustawie z dnia 13 kwietnia 2016 r. o systemach oceny zgodności i nadzoru rynku. Najważniejsze znaczenie ma dodany do Prawa lotniczego dodatkowy Dział VIa - Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne. Artykuł omawia zawartość sześciu rozdziałów, zapisy dodatkowe oraz przepisy karne i nowe opłaty dotyczące stref geograficznych. Przedstawione są także projektowane zmiany do ustawy o PAŻP związane z nowymi obowiązkami dla Agencji. Artykuł zamykają podsumowanie i wnioski, które wskazują pozytywne oddziaływanie nowelizacji. Jednocześnie podjęto próbę wstępnej oceny wprowadzanych zmian określając braki i niedoskonałości nowych przepisów.The unmanned aerial vehicle industry is developing dynamically and ahead of the regulations. Integrating manned and unmanned aviation is necessary to ensure an appropriate level of safety and the sustainable development of the unmanned aerial vehicle industry. Therefore, an amendment to the Polish aviation law has been prepared. It includes the effective EU regulations on UAS, which have been applied directly since the beginning of 2021. EU law, however, requires more details in many aspects. Specifying EU solutions will allow for a more effective impact of the regulations on UAS users and aviation authorities and the achievement of the assumed goals of the proposed changes. The article presents the reasons for the introduced changes, the outline and essence of EU regulatory solutions, and elements of national solutions. The proposed changes to the Aviation Law, the PANSA Act of December 8, 2006, and April 13, 2016, Act on compliance assessment and market surveillance systems were presented. The most important thing is the additional Section VIa - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles added to the Aviation Law. The article covers the content of six chapters, additional provisions, penal provisions, and new charges for geographic zones. The proposed amendments to the PANSA Act related to new obligations for the Agency are also presented. The article ends with a summary and conclusions that indicate the positive impact of the amendment. At the same time, an attempt was made to evaluate the introduced changes by identifying the shortcomings and imperfections of the new regulations
Wiktor Steffen i jego Słownik warmiński
No full textThe paper presents Słownik warmiński of Wiktor Steffen as an unique work of the Polish dialect lexicography. It shows also the figures of the author and his brother Augustyn who rendered great service in research of the culture of Warmia. It discusses the editorial principles of the dictionary and its rich content. It relates to the charges of the first critics of the vocabulary. The paper treats Słownik warmiński as a personal, subjective work strongly influenced by the biography of the author – autochthon. It presents the different ways of use the content in the dialectological studies on multi-volume Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur conducting in the Institute of the Polish Language in the Polish Academy of Science (IJP PAN)
A Small Form – the Big Vision. Medals by Wiktor Tołkin
No full textThe article concerns the medals by Wiktor Tołkin, a sculptor known especially as the author of huge monuments commemorating the victims of the World War II, less known as a medallic artist. His first medallions the artist engraved during the War as a prisoner of Auschwitz-Birkenau – a Nazi concentration camp. Within 40 years the artist became the author of 32 medals of different types: anniversary medals, commemorating medals, and medals of honour. There are a few characteristic subject matters appearing on the medals' surfaces: a city view, a portrait, a human figure, graphic symbols, the Polish emblem… Medals by Wiktor Tołkin are quite far from avant-garde in form, however the artist combines synthesis and decorative forms at the same time. Sometimes he contrasts these both features in one medal: one on the averse and the other one on the reverse. The art of medals is an unappreciated domain by the art historians although it requires an enormous discipline and clarity of composition
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