9 research outputs found
Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the Northwestern Pacific are composed of two distinct clades
No full textBigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean are composed of a single panmictic population
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Population structure of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean inferred from mitochondrial DNA
No full textNestin serves as a prosurvival determinant that links to the cytoprotective effect of epidermal growth factor in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
No full textEvaluating quantity and quality of literature focusing on health economics and pharmacoeconomics in Gulf Cooperation Countries
Full text linkBackground: The importance of pharmacoeconomics and health economics has been augmented. It has the potential to provide evidence to aid in optimal decision-making in the funding of cost-effective medicines and services in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (G.C.C). Objective: To evaluate the quality and quantity of health economic researches published until the end of 2017 in G.C.C. and to identify the factors that affect the quality of studies. Method: Studies were included according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quantity was recorded, and the quality was assessed using the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Results: Forty-nine studies were included. The mean (SD) quality score of all studies was 57.83 (25.05), and a high number of reviewed studies (47%) were evaluated as either poor or extremely poor quality. The factors that affect the quality of studies with statistical significance were, the type and method of economic evaluation, the economic outcome was the objective of the research, author`s background, the perspective of the study, health intervention and source of funding. Conclusion: The use of economic evaluation studies in G.C.C was limited. Different factors that affect the quality of articles such as performing a full economic evaluation and choosing societal perspective were identified. Strategies to improve the quality of future studies were recommended.</p
She stood by his side and at times in his stead: the life and legacy of sister Clara Muhammad. First lady of the nation of Islam, 1999
Full text linkClara Muhammads auxiliary identity as the wife of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad often overshadowed her own important and pioneering accomplishments. As the lesser-known female half of the leadership of Americas largest and longest lasting. Black nationalist movement, Sister Clara, as she was best known, helped to pioneer and establish the role and identity of the African American Muslim woman, or Muslima. As such, she has arguably become a very important person in United States, African American, womens, and religious history. This research argues that there are three major themes that emerge from an analysis of her life and work in helping to establish and expand the Nation of Islam. The first theme is her administration of the Nation of Islam while Elijah Muhammad was incarcerated from 1942-1946 for draft evasion. She was unique in her intermittent leadership of a male-dominated organization during its most critical period of existence. The second issue which emerges in a study of her life was her role in establishing University of Islam as the educational arm of the Nation, along with her leadership of the Muslim Girl Training and General Civilization Class (M.G.T.&G.C.C.). These classes were specifically set up for female training. In this role, Clara Muhammad was paradigmatic as a pioneer African American Muslima, establishing and modeling the role, form, and function of the Black Muslim female. Finally, an analysis of her work reflects her influence on Imam Warith Deen Muhammad, her seventh child and heir apparent, who began a religious reformation in American Muslim communities, both immigrant and indigenous. As head of the largest group of Muslims in the Western hemisphere, Imam Muhammads influence is felt worldwide. Clara Muhammad was very influential in her sons life and his work is a part of her legacy. Presently, Islam is the fastest growing religion in the West and while the ranks of its converts are swelling, the available literature on the field is expanding as well. However, the sources on women, especially African American females, are still both limited and somewhat biased. This can be attributed to the fact that in many scholarly circles the Nation of Islam had not been fully examined as a major participant in African American and religious history and that many of the early participants were reluctant to discuss their experiences. To fill that void, this research became necessary. In it, attention was paid to the use of traditional historical methodologies for collecting data as well as the use of oral narratives to either critique, confirm, supplement, or clarify some of the previously published literature on the Nation and the Black Muslim experience, with particular attention paid to the female Muslim
The effect of cannabis use on prospective memory processes in young adults
No full textRemembering to perform an intended task at the appropriate time (prospective memory) is an important aspect of memory functioning in the real world. Previous research has suggested that recreational drug use has a detrimental effect upon this ability. To date relatively few studies have investigated the effect of cannabis use on prospective memory performance. In addressing this hiatus, the present thesis extended this initial research to encompass three aims. Firstly, the thesis evaluated the psychometric properties of an objective prospective memory video procedure in order to mitigate criticisms associated with the use of self-report assessment of memory failures in many of these initial studies. Secondly, the thesis documents a series of quasi-experimental studies comparing cannabis users and non-users in order to examine the effect of cannabis use on prospective memory. Finally, the thesis explored the nature of the deficits observed in an attempt to better understand the neurobiological vulnerability of the cognitive processes underpinning prospective memory to the psychopharmacological effects of cannabis.
The findings across all of the studies documented suggested that cannabis use, even in relatively light users with short duration of use, has a detrimental effect on prospective memory in young adults. In addition, the findings presented suggested that the deficits observed in current cannabis users recover on cessation of cannabis use and that time-based prospective memory was more vulnerable to the effects of cannabis use than event-based prospective memory. Furthermore, the findings presented suggested that these deficits arise as a consequence of problems in retrieval of the intentions rather than problems in their encoding and that these retrieval problems arise as a consequence of failures in cue identification rather than problems retrieving the task to be performed. The findings presented found no evidence that the prospective memory deficits observed were related to the number of joints smoked per week, duration of use, estimated lifetime consumption or to the age at which cannabis use commenced. Although the scale of the deficits appeared trivial with cannabis users recalling, on average, only two items fewer than nonusers, the magnitude of the effect was moderate suggesting practical significance, particularly as the deficits were observed in independent cohorts comprising cannabis users with light use and relatively short duration of use
