1,721,214 research outputs found
Studies on SP6 promoter using a new plasmid vector that allows gene insertion at the transcription initiation site
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Recent developments in the follow-up, prevention and management of complications in thyroid surgery
No full textWhen less competition induces more product innovation
No full text[[abstract]]Consider firms which engage in Cournot competition over a common product, but can undertake innovation to improve the quality of their product. In this scenario it can often happen that innovation is discouraged by too much or too little competition, and occurs only when the industry is of intermediate size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.[[note]]SSC
Competitive prizes: when less scrutiny induces more effort
No full text[[abstract]]We consider a principal who is keen to induce his agents to work at their maximal effort levels. To this end, he samples it days at random out of the T days on which they work, and awards a prize of B dollars to the most productive agent. The principal's policy (B, n) induces a strategic game Gamma(B, n) between the agents. We show that to implement maximal effort levels weakly (or, strongly) as a strategic equilibrium (or, as dominant strategies) in Gamma(B, n), at the least cost B to himself, the principal must choose a small sample size n. Thus less scrutiny by the principal induces more effort from the agents. The need for reduced scrutiny becomes more pronounced when agents have information of the history of past plays in the game. There is an inverse relation between information and optimal sample size. As agents acquire more information (about each other), the principal, so to speak, must "undo" this by reducing his information (about them) and choosing the sample size n even smaller. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.[[note]]SC
Fine-Tuning Mesochannel Orientation of Organically Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
No full textUp-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C in breast cancer cells by heregulin-beta1. A critical role of p38/NF-kB signaling pathway.
No full textStudy on performance degradation and damage modes of thin-film photovoltaic cell subjected to particle impact
No full textIt has been a key issue for photovoltaic (PV) cells to survive under mechanical impacts by tiny dust. In this paper, the performance degradation and the damage behavior of PV cells subjected to massive dust impact are investigated using laser-shock driven particle impact experiments and mechanical modeling. The results show that the light-electricity conversion efficiency of the PV cells decreases with increasing the impact velocity and the particles' number density. It drops from 26.7 to 3.9% with increasing the impact velocity from 40 to 185 m/s and the particles' number densities from 35 to 150/mm(2), showing a reduction up to 85.7% when being compared with the intact ones with the light-electricity conversion efficiency of 27.2%. A damage-induced conversion efficiency degradation (DCED) model is developed and validated by experiments, providing an effective method in predicting the performance degradation of PV cells under various dust impact conditions. Moreover, three damage modes, including damaged conducting grid lines, fractured PV cell surfaces, and the bending effects after impact are observed, and the corresponding strength of each mode is quantified by different mechanical theories.</p
Covariate unit root tests under structural change and asymmetric STAR dynamics
No full text[[abstract]]In this paper, we intend to develop a new unit root testing procedure. The novelty of this methodology includes (1) accommodating possible trend breaks of unknown number, unknown dates, and unknown form by employing the Fourier form without directly estimating such breaks; (2) considering possible asymmetric STAR adjustments under the alterative; and (3) utilizing related covariates to boost the testing power. The limiting distribution of the test is derived, and the asymptotic critical values are tabulated. Simulation experiments show that the test can deliver robust size for various breaks commonly seen in economic analysis and enjoy high power property, even in small sample sizes encountered in empirical studies. The usefulness of the test is illustrated in an empirical study on the issue of debt sustainability in 18 OECD countries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[[note]]SSC
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