227,192 research outputs found
Acoustic radiation due to scattering of T-S wave by the mean-flow distortion induced by steady local suction
No full textSubstantial sound waves can be generated by boundary-layer instability modes when the latter are scattered by a rapid mean-flow distortion. This is a rather generic mechanism and operates when an oncoming T-S wave is scattered by a steady local suction slot. This paper focuses on this problem by extending a recently developed Local Scattering Theory (Wu & Dong, J. Fluid Mech. submitted), where a so-called transmission coefficient, defined as the ratio of the T-S wave amplitude downstream of the scatter to that upstream, is introduced to characterize the effect of a local scatter on boundary-layer instability and transition. As in the earlier work, the mathematical formulation is based on triple-deck formulism, but in order to accommodate the acoustic far field, which was not considered in the paper mentioned, the unsteady terms in the upper deck, which play a leading-order role in radiation, are retained, and the influence of the radiated sound on the near-wall perturbation is included. The upper deck equation for the pressure is the Helmholtz equation rather than the Laplace equation. This leads to a modified pressure-displacement relation, which is coupled with the linearized boundary-layer equations in the lower deck. Discretization of the whole system formulates a generalized eigenvalue problem, which is solved numerically. It is found that suction suppresses oncoming T-S waves, and this effect increases with the suction velocity and the slot width. The directivity is ndependent of the flow parameters only when the Mach number is low. The intensity of the radiated sound in general increases with the frequency, the suction velocity and the width of the suction slot. Interestingly, for O(1) suction velocities, the radiated sound is very weak, indicating that the gain of stabilizing effect does not cause aeroacoustic penalty
Mrs. T. H. Wu and Mildred Wu eating marshmallows with chopsticks, 1938
No full textPhotograph shows Mrs. T. H. Wu and Mildred Wu (right) using chopsticks. From the San Antonio Light negative box no. 1540
Mrs. T. H. Wu and Mildred Wu eating marshmallows with chopsticks, 1938
No full textPhotograph shows Mrs. T. H. Wu and Mildred Wu (right) using chopsticks. From the San Antonio Light negative box no. 1540
Wu-exclusive up-regulated DEGs.
No full text(A) Overlap between all human groups for human-exclusive up-regulated DEGs (up-regulated in any human group, but no mouse group). 1298 genes were upregulated only in Wu and no other human or mouse groups. (B) Although only up-regulated in Wu these 1298 DEGs, nevertheless, return very similar IPA Cytokine USR pathways as those shown in Fig 4A and 4B. (C) The 3%, 18% and 21% of DEGs in the IL6R, TNF and IFNg networks (Fig 4D IL6R, S5 Fig TNF, and S6 Fig IFNG) that were up-regulated only in human (green) comprised 194 genes. Of these DEGs, 73% were found up-regulated exclusively in the Wu dataset. (D) When these 143 DEGs were analysed by IPA Diseases or Functions the highest and lowest annotation by z-score suggest more cell survival and less cell death, consistent with Fig 3C. Thus IL6R, TNF, and IFNG networks contain genes that are also associated with cell survival. The presence of DEGs in these later networks that are only up-regulated in humans (Fig 4D IL6R, S5 Fig TNF, and S6 Fig IFNG, green) is largely due to the Wu dataset. The RNA-Seq data suggests that the tissues used to generate the Wu dataset had less virus (Fig 2A) and less cell death (as also seen in Fig 3C), with pathways somewhat distinct (Fig 3A), perhaps because these samples were collected at a later time point when recovery was well underway and/or because a series of medication were used by the patients. The 3%, 18% and 21% of network genes up-regulated in humans might suggest humans up-regulate these network genes in response to SARS-CoV2 infection, whereas mice do not. However, this may largely be due to the fact that no comparable mouse data set was available (e.g. medicated in the same way). (PDF)</p
Mrs. T. H. Wu, Mildred Wu, and Barbara Wu with fireworks for Chinese New Year celebration, 1937
No full textPhotograph shows Mrs. T. H. Wu and the girls in a room with a display of the Chinese fireworks.;From the San Antonio Light negative box no. 1540
Mrs. T. H. Wu, Mildred Wu, and Barbara Wu with fireworks for Chinese New Year celebration, 1937
No full textPhotograph shows Mrs. T. H. Wu and the girls in a room with a display of the Chinese fireworks.;From the San Antonio Light negative box no. 1540.
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
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