25,357 research outputs found
Glare Illusion
No full textData and scripts related to the project "Rendering a virtual light source to seem like a realistic light source in an electronic display: A critical band of luminance gradients for the perception of self-luminosity"Authors: Hui-Ning Wu, Xue-Min Wang, Li-Kun Yu, Tian Yuan, Shu-Guang Kua
REALITies Incubation:VR Exhibition of Tzu-Ning Wu
Full text linkArtist Tzu-Ning Wu’s work involves 3D animation to demonstrate virtual identities, virtual cities, and virtual natures in the cyber space. Her new art project in 2018, Metaverse, delves into post-human, self-incubating and self-fashioning technologies to correspond with the theme of “+REALITies Incubation”. (Exhibition Catalogue
Geochronology and significance of volcanic rocks in the Ning-Wu Basin of China
No full textThe Ning-Wu (Nanjing-Wuhu) Basin is one of the most important volcanic basins in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley, eastern China. It consists of four volcanic units, i.e., the Longwangshan, Dawangshan, Gushan, and Niangniangshan Formations. Their LA-ICP MS U-Pb zircon ages are 134.8 ± 1.8, 132.2 ± 1.6, 129.5 ± 0.8, and 126.8 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively. Results of this study indicate that all volcanic rocks in the Ning-Wu Basin were formed in the Early Cretaceous from 135 to 127 Ma, lasting 8-10 m.y. No Jurassic volcanic activities occurred in any of the volcanic basins of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley, including the Ning-Wu Basin. These new chronological results provide significant evidence for further study of this region to improve our understanding of Mesozoic tectonic, magmatic, and metallogenic processes of eastern China
A Study of the Hand-copied Manuscript of Du Gong Bu Ji with Postscript by Lu Zhuan in the Fu Ssu-nien Library—Focusing on the Wu Ruo Ben
Full text linkThe Lu Zhuan (陸僎) Ba (跋) Du Gong Bu Ji (杜工部集) chao ben (鈔本) in Fu Ssu-nien Library (傅斯年圖書館) is a rare book. Comparison with Qian Zhu Du Shi (錢注杜詩), engraved by Ji Zhen-Yi (季振宜) in the sixth year of the Kangxi(康熙) reign (1667), reveals obvious similarities and differences between the two books, and leads to the speculation that this book was an intermediate draft before the finalization of Qian Jian (錢箋). It preserves important information about the bian ci (編次) and jiao yu (校語) of “Wu Ruo Ben” Du Gong Bu Ji (“吳若本”杜工部集), and is the closest edition of Wu Ruo Ben. Wu Ruo Ben is the second most important Du ji (杜集) after the zu ben (祖本) Er Wang Ben (二王本), but it has been lost. The question of the appearance of the Wu Ruo Ben is the key to the study for early Du ji. The introduction of Fu Tu Ben (傅圖本) can provide new material for solving this problem. Combining Fu Tu Ben and the related Du ji can make general conjectures about Wu Ruo Ben’s bian ci, inclusion of poems and articles, annotations, texts and jiao yu. The examination of Fu Tu Ben can advance the study of the Wu Ruo Ben, and is also of great significance to the study of early Du ji such as Er Wang Ben. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract
A study of Wu Ning defense command in Tang dynasty
No full text碩士徐州地區自古便是軍事重地，隋代建立後，隨著運河的開發，徐州地區因位處運河與淮河的交通樞紐，故地位大為提昇；入唐後，特別在玄宗天寶十四年（755）安史之亂爆發後，徐州的固守成為一個重要的關鍵。德宗貞元四年（788）於徐州設立節度，貞元十六年（800）廢節，順宗永貞元年（805）再度建節，並賜名「武寧」。張愔成為第一任武寧節度使，領徐、泗、濠三州，憲宗元和四年（809）增領宿州。隨後領地雖屢有增減，但大致以徐、泗、濠、宿四州為範圍。
武寧鎮建節後，由於轄區與淮西與淄青兩鎮接壤，故一直是唐中央積極努力穩固的地區，但在穆宗長慶二年（822）王智興以武力得到武寧節度使後，徐州自此進入不被朝廷完全掌控時期，特別是在文宗大和六年（832）年王智興離職後，從832到862這三十年間，武寧地區共發生三次武力驅逐節度事件，與同時期的鄰鎮宣武、淮南相比，頻率非常高。朝廷對它們驅逐藩鎮的變亂屢次採取姑息的態度，直到懿宗咸通三年（862）王式擔任節度使後，他到任後，幾乎殺盡了武寧的軍人，朝廷遂順勢廢除武寧，僅留將士三千人鎮守於徐州鎮守，其餘的分屬兗海及宿州。
武寧被廢節後，許多軍人多成為草寇，並與江淮私鹽盜賊結合，造成當時嚴重的社會事件，又因當時的西南邊患問題，導致防守西南的徐州兵叛變，在咸通九年（868）發生叛變，攻入徐州，且與前述群體相糾結，史稱「龐勛之亂」。雖然動亂僅為時一年即告平息，但朝廷為此卻動員了大批的軍力，甚至求助於外族沙陀。龐勛亂平後，有鑑於廢節鎮後兵員的不足，朝廷決定重新在徐州立節，定名「感化」，很明顯的就是希望此地能夠受朝廷之感化，成為中央的助力。但此後唐室自顧不暇，雖徐州軍士仍以武力的方式驅逐節度使或擅據一方，唐中央實以無力再顧及此一地區之局勢。
唐中央對感化軍的控制力在昭宗景福元年（892）完全瓦解，其原因就在於徐州為宣武節度使朱全忠所奪取，自此直到唐被朱全忠於哀帝天祐四年（907）所篡，徐州一直為朱全忠所控。
本文著重於貞元四年到天祐四年間徐州地區與朝廷的關係，特別在武寧建節後，官員為何會被派遣到徐州擔任節度使，以及武寧在唐中葉後的歷史地位。此外，武寧鎮為何會是中原地區的藩鎮中，被朝廷視為最難以控制的節鎮；武寧軍人屢次驅逐節度使的原因又是為何，這都是本文中所要討論的。Xuzhou region has been an important military strategic point since long time ago, after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, with the construction of the canal, the position of Xuzhou was getting more important due to becoming a transport hub of the canal and the Huaihe River. By Entering Tang Dynasty, especially after Rebellion of An Lu-shan and Shih Sze-ming in 755 years, Defending Xuzhou had become an significant key to avoid incasions. In 788 years, Defense Command was established in Xuzhou, and cancelled in 800 year. In 805 years, Defense Command was established once again and granted as “Wu Ning”. Chang Yin was the first Wu Ning Supply Commissioner. The Supply Commissioner dominated Xuzhou, Sizhou, and Hauzhou. From 809 years, Suzhou was also dominated. After that, there were several additions and deletions of the territory, however, the ambit was approximately in these four regions mentioned above.
After the establishment of Defense Command in Wu Ning, it had been the region that the Tang authorities enthusiastically worked hard to secure due to it was bounded by Huai Shi and Tzu Ching. Nevertheless, in 822 years, after Wang Chih Hsing acquired the Wu Ning Supply Commissioner by armed force, Xuzhou, from that on, was no longer dominated by the authorities, particularly the three decades from 832 to 862 years after Wang Chih Hsing left he’s position, the Supply Commissioners had been banished by armed force for three times, it is highly more frequent comparing to Shiuan Wu and Huai Nan in the same period. The authorities over-tolerated the armed rebellion of Supply Commissioner until 862 years; Wang Shih was nominated as the new Supply Commissioner. He murdered all the soldiers in Wu Ning after he arrived and the authorities made use of this opportunity to abolish Wu Ning Defense Command and left only three thousand soldiers guarding Xuzhou, and the rest belong to Yen Hai and Suzhou.
After the abolishment of Wu Ning Defense Command, Many former soldiers became bandits and allied with the salt thieves in Jiang Huai region. These people brought about serious social issues. Meanwhile, the trouble on the frontier in the southwest border resulted in the betrayal of the soldiers guarded in Xuzhou. The gangsters got together and captured Xuzhou in 868 years, known as ”Rebellion of Pang Shiun”. The rebellion was put down after one year, though the authorities mobilized a large number of armed forces, even resorted outside clan, Shatuo. After putting down Rebellion of Pang Shiun, the authorities saw that the lack of military forces due to abolishment of Defense Command, they decided to establish Defense Command again in Xuzhou and granted as “Gan Hua”. It is obvious that the Defense Command was wished to be inspired by the authorities and to become an auxiliary. But hereafter, the Tang authorities was busy enough with it’s own affairs, although the soldiers in Xuzhou was still using armed forces to banish Supply Commissioner, the Tang authorities was no longer able to take care of the situation in this region.
The control of Tang authorities to the military force in Gan Hua was completely collapsed in 892 years. The reason was that Ju Chiuan Jung, the Xuan Wu Supply Commissioner, acquired Xuzhou by armed forces. Since then until Tang Dynasty was usurped by Ju Chiuan Jung, Xuzhou was dominated by Ju Chiuan Jung all the times.
This thesis emphasized on describing the relationship between Xuzhou region and the authorities, especially after the establishment of Wu Ning Defense Command, Why was an official sent to Xuzhou as a Supply Commissioner? And how was the historical position of Wu Ning after Mid Tang Dynasty? Besides, Why was Wu Ning Defense Command the most difficult Defense Command to be controlled by the authorities of all the Defense Command in Central China? Why the military forces banished the Supply Commissioners for several times? These were all discussed in this thesis.第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與研究範圍......................001
第二節 史料分析與研究回顧......................003
第三節 研究方法................................008
第二章 大徐州地區的變化與發展
第一節 大徐州地區自然地理略論..................009
一、自然地理..................................009
二、農業發展..................................010
三、氣候......................................012
第二節 大徐州地區行政區域的改變................017
第三節 唐代大徐州地區水運及人口的發展..........022
第三章 武寧軍建節前徐州地區的發展
第一節 安史之亂前徐州的發展并徐州刺史的派遣....027
第二節 安史之亂至德宗建中二年間徐州刺史的任命..033
第三節 張建封與徐、泗、濠三州的建節............041
第四章 武寧軍的建鎮與試圖自主時期
第一節 武寧的建鎮..............................055
第二節 王智興治理下的武寧......................070
第三節 武寧軍的自主行為表現時期................084
第五章 龐勛之亂後武寧軍的變化
第一節 徐州重新建節鎮前的情況與發展............111
第二節 感化軍建鎮後的發展......................122
第六章 結論.....................................139
參考書目........................................145
附錄............................................157
附表一 唐初到長慶二年節度副使表................157
圖目次
圖（2-1） 大徐州地區水文圖.......................024
圖（4-1） 元和四年（809）武寧州縣分佈圖..........062
圖（4-2） 元和十五年（820）武寧鎮鄰近諸鎮分佈圖..076
圖（5-1） 龐勛亂事路線、波及區域圖...............121
表目次
表（2-1） 玄宗天寶八年（749）天下十道正倉、異倉、常平倉所藏糧量..............................................011
表（2-2） 玄宗開元時期大徐州地區貢賦物品.........012
表（2-3） 東漢至唐大徐州地區水災表...............013
表（2-4） 晉至唐大徐州地區旱災表.................015
表（2-5） 晉至唐大徐州地區蝗害表.................015
表（2-6） 隋大業五年至唐元和八年大徐州地區戶數表.025
表（3-1） 唐高祖武德至玄宗天寶間徐州刺史表.......027
表（3-2） 安史之亂期間（755~763）徐州刺史表......037
表（3-3） 代宗寶應至大曆十一年前徐州刺史表.......039
表（3-4） 德宗建中元年（780）至貞元四年（788）徐州刺史表................................................042
表（3-5） 張建封任徐泗節度使任內文職人員表.......045
表（4-1） 安史之亂後至貞元十六年間父子、兄弟、宗人相繼的藩鎮節度使表........................................056
表（4-2） 元和時期宿州刺史表.....................063
表（4-3） 長慶二年（822）至大和六年（832）武寧鄰道節度表................................................077
表（4-4） 元和八年（813）河南道戶數表............079
表（4-5） 泗、濠兩州長慶二年（822）至大和六年（832）刺史表................................................080
表（4-6） 大和六年（832）至咸通三年（862）間天下藩鎮軍亂表................................................085
表（4-7） 大和六年（832）至咸通三年（862）間武寧、宣武、淮南節度使表........................................090
表（4-8） 大和六年（832）到咸通三年（862）武寧節度使表................................................098
表（5-1） 懿宗咸通三年（862）至咸通十一年（869）徐州刺史表................................................111
表（5-2） 咸通十一年（870）到景福二年（893）感化節度使表................................................122
表（5-3） 昭宗景福二年（893）至唐亡（907）武寧（感化）節度使表..............................................135學號: 693060013, 學年度: 9
Geochronology of the diorite porphyrites in Ning-Wu basin and their metallogenic significances
No full textNing-Wu basin is the important parts of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt, where there are widespread porphyry-like type ( magnetite-apatite type) iron deposits. However, the researches on precise ore-forming and magmatic activity epoch and tectonic setting are very weak. Based on detailed field geological work, we carried out systematic geochronological study of diorite porphyrite plutons related to porphyry-like type iron deposits in the basin. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for seven diorite porphyrite plutons such as Washan, Taocun, Heshangqiao, Dongshan, Baixiangshan, Hemushan and Gushan intrusions, has been carried out. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yield the ages of 130.2 ± 2.O Ma, 130.7 ± 1.8 Ma, 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, 131.1 ± 3.1 Ma, 130.0 ± 1.4 Ma, 131.1 ± 1.9 Ma and 129.2 ± 1.7 Ma for intrusions respectively. The dating result indicates that different diorite porphyrite plutons in Ning-Wu volcanic basin are all formed in the early stage of Early Cretaceous about 130Ma, which can nearly represent the metallogenetic epoch of the porphyry-like type iron deposits. There are three periods (145-136 Ma, 135-127 Ma, 126-123 Ma) of ore-forming and magmatic activity in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt. The diorite porphyrite plutons in Ning-Wu basin were the products of the second period magmatic activity and obviously later than the high-k calc-alkaline intrusions related to skarn-porphyry Cu-Au deposits in uplift areas in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley metallogenic belt. The diorite porphyrite plutons in Ning-Wu volcanic basin were thought to be formed under regional lithospheric and thinning environment
Five new species of Utetes Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae) from NW China
No full textTan, Jiang-Li, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Zhang, Ruo-Nan, Wu, Jia-Xuan (2018): Five new species of Utetes Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae) from NW China. Zootaxa 4402 (3): 525-541, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.3.
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