114 research outputs found
The Possibilities and Limitations of the Research on Ernian luling : Recent Research on the Wendi Reign Utilizing the Newly Excavated Bamboo Manuscripts (Special Issue : HISTORICAL RESEARCH TODAY, 2006)
No full textSince the publication of the Zhangjiashan bamboo manuscripts in 2001, numerous studies on this new material, especially of Ernian luling (Statutes and ordinances in the second year), have been made. The excavated code, dated to the beginning of the Han dynasty, has given us a lot of information on Han institutions, and cast new light on our understanding of political history. The author takes up the political problems in the Wendi reign (BC 180-BC 157), analyzes prior studies on this matter, and attains a new stand point from which to reassess the institutional reformation made by Wendi, In addition, a discussion of the characteristics of Ernian luling as excavated material is one of the aims of this paper. The most urgent problem facing the Wendi reign was to develop counter- measures against the marquises. In order to reduce their threat, Wendi subdivided their fiefs, Jingdi later reduced them, and Wudi eventually realized direct control over the whole empire. This process gives us the impression that the elimination of marquises was also the goal of Wendi's policy. The broad discretion given to marquises, and the strict limitation on horse exports to marquises, both of which we can see in Ernian luling, seem to support this impression. However, the horse trade limitation was also aimed at prices and purchases within the territory under the direct control of the emperor, therefore, its main purpose was to secure enough horses to confront the Xiongnu as well as the marquises. In 168 BC, Wendi got rid of the checkpoints, probably including those which were set up on the border with the territory of the marquises, which suggests a detente with them in the middle of his reign. One of the most famous reforms is the abolition of mutilation as punishment in 167 BC, and fixed terms of the hard labour were also set at the same time. Although the background has been explained in the context of the penal system reform, the details of the penal system recorded in the Ernian luling suggest another viewpoint. The problem that threatened Wendi in the second half of his reign was the attacks from the Xiongnu, which intensified after 169 BC, and their troops threatened the capital in 166 BC. Defending his empire, Wendi carried out several plans, one of whose ends was to reorganize the system of labour services. As part of this trend, the hard labour system must have been rationalized. Viewed from a different viewpoint, hard labour without any fixed term meant an endless necessity of supplying official food because convicts were issued a certain amount of food, at least in principle. We have to count the abolition of the mutilation as a penalty as a way of economizing
An Anthropologist in Middle-earth
No full textThe author is an anthropologist who works as a campaigner for indigenous people’s rights. From this perspective she has some thoughts about Tolkien’s work as a vision of an unwesternized Europe, and on the re-enchantment of the world
Ouyang Wenzhonggong quan ji : 153 juan, shou 1 juan, fu lu 5 juan /
No full textJuan shou zhong you nian pu, Hu Ke bian.Double leaves, oriental style, in case.Ju shi ji wu shi juan, Wai ji er shi wu juan, Yi tong zi wen san juan, Wai zhi ji san juan, Nei zhi ji ba juan, Biao zou shu qi si liu ji qi juan, Zou yi shi ba juan, Za zhu shu shi jiu juan, Ji gu lu ba wei shi juan, Shu jian shi yi juan, Juan shou yi juan, Fu lu wu juan.Mode of access: Internet
An ESIPT Probe for the Ratiometric Imaging of Peroxynitrite Facilitated by Binding to Aβ-Aggregates
No full textA series of 3-hydroxyflavone (3-HF) ESIPT (excited-state
intramolecular proton transfer) boronate-based fluorescent probes
have been developed for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO–). The dyes are environmentally sensitive, and each probe exhibited
a ratiometric response toward ONOO– in a micellar
environment. The probes were used to image different aggregation states
of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the presence of ONOO–. The 3-HF-OMe probe was found to produce a ratiometric
response toward ONOO– when bound to Aβ aggregates,
resulting in a novel host–guest ensemble, which adds insight
into the development of other ESIPT-based probes for the simultaneous
sensing of fibrous proteins/peptides and environmental ROS/RNS
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 3‐(2′‐Azidoaryl)‐1‐arylpropargyl Carbonates or 3‐Aryl‐1‐(2′‐azidoaryl)propargyl Carbonates to Produce Quinolines.
No full textChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Addition of Allylic Carbocations to 2‐Cyclopropylidene‐2‐arylethanols: A Strategy to 3‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes.
No full textChemInform Abstract: Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of (Diarylmethylene)cyclopropa[b]naphthalenes with Arynes: An Efficient Synthesis of 11-(Diarylmethylene)-11H-benzo[b]fluorenes.
No full textChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Selenium/Sulfur-Substituted 3-Oxa-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(8),5-diene and Tetrahydro-1H-isochromene via Sequential Three-Component Conjugate Addition/Condensation/Elimination/[2 + 2] or [4 + 2] Cyclization Reactions.
No full textGold-Catalyzed Cyclization of 3-(2′-Azidoaryl)-1-arylpropargyl Carbonates or 3-Aryl-1-(2′-azidoaryl)propargyl Carbonates to Produce Quinolines
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