100 research outputs found
The behavior of money demand in the Chinese hyperinflation
No full textIn this paper I study the behavior of money demand during the episode of hyperinflation that occurred in China after World War II. I consider two popular and competing money demand specifications - the log-log and the semi-log - and show that the log-log performs better than the semi-log in its ability to track the behavior of the money demand. The choice between the two specifications is of great importance, as it implies that welfare cost estimates are very different for hyperinflation. The findings also contribute to the understanding of Cagan's paradox and the failure of Cagan inflationary finance models. The paradox might be attributable to the popular semi-log schedule for money demand, and the log-log schedule might be an appropriate form for the analysis of hyperinflation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [71373011]; Beijing Research Fund of Social Science [13JDJGB039]SSCIARTICLE145-1544
Changes of cryoprecipitate coagulation factors prepared by different preparation methods and quick-freezing time
No full textObjective To analyze the changes of fibrinogen (Fg) and Ⅷ factor levels of cryoprecipitated coagulation factors prepared by different methods and post-preparation quick-freezing time. Methods The fresh frozen plasma (FFP), prepared from 400mL whole blood, was randomly divided into 6 groups(group A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3) with 20 eliquots each, to prepare cryoprecipitate coagulation factors. Group A1, B1 were prepared by automatic cryoprecipitation preparation instrument. group A2, B2 applied the instrument after centrifugation and group A3, B3 were prepared manually. The quick-freezing time after preparation in group A1-A3 and B1-B3 were different(within 1 hour vs. more than 1 hour after preparation). The automated coagulation analyzer was used to measure Fg and Ⅷ factor levels in six groups, and further statistical analysis was carried out. Results The Fg content (mg) of six groups were 245.29±27.44 in group A1, 227.13±18.68 in group A2, 221.11±20.95 in group A3, 182.12±9.15 in group B1, 163.68±15.50 in group B2, and 155.61±19.28 in group B3, respectively. The Ⅷ factor levels(IU) were of six groups were 115.86±27.99 in group A1, 93.79±36.29 in group A2, 91.92±34.75 in group A3, 83.04±18.82 in group B1, 66.33±19.57 in group B2, and 69.34±13.26 in group B3, respectively. There were no significant differences in gender or age between group As and groups Bs. The levels of Fg and Ⅷ factors in group A1 were significantly higher than those in group A2 and group A3 (P<0.05). In addition, the levels of Fg and Ⅷ factors in group B1 were also obviously higher than those in group B2 and group B3 (P<0.05). Further, the levels of Fg and Ⅷ factors in group As were significantly higher than those in group Bs (P<0.05). Conclusion The automatic cryoprecipitation preparation instrument plus quick-freezing within 1 hour after preparation contribute to a higher efficiency and better quality than others
Interest rate, money demand and seigniorage: The Chinese hyperinflation 1946-1949
No full textThe lack of an observable variable measuring inflationary expectation has been a major difficulty in empirical work on hyperinflation. In this paper we propose a direct measure of expectations the black-market interest rate in Shanghai and study the behavior of money demand in the Chinese hyperinflation. Although the log-log schedule may provide an accurate description of money demand with relatively low interest rate, the pattern of seigniorage collected in the highest hyperinflation is consistent with the prediction of the semi-log schedule. The comparison of the seigniorage actually collected with the maximum steady state level shows that the economy might be on the increasing side of the Laffer curve except for the concluding stage of the hyperinflation. This suggests that the Chinese hyperinflation has been driven mainly by the government's quest for revenue. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.National Natural Science Foundation of China [71373011]; Beijing Planning Research Fund of Philosophy and Social Science [13JDJGB039]; Young Scholars' Research Fund of School of Economics, Peking [email protected]; [email protected]
Synthetic biology: From the first synthetic cell to see its current situation and future development
No full textSynthetic biology is an emerging field, which, since its birth, has shown great value and potential in many fields including medicine, energy, environment and agriculture. It is also important for the study of the origin and evolution of life. Since the publication of the first synthetic cell in May, 2010, synthetic biology again attracts high attention and leads to extensive discussions all over the world. There have been a number of researches and achievements on synthetic biology in the United States and European countries. While in China, so far there is no systematic research on synthetic biology. In order to promote the development of this new discipline in China, we organized this review to systematically introduce the concept and research content of synthetic biology, summarize the achievements, and investigate the current situation in both China and abroad. We also analyzed the opportunities and challenges in synthetic biology, and looked forward to the future development of synthetic biology, especially its future development in China
ADHDgene: a genetic database for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
No full textWith a worldwide prevalence of similar to 5%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most common psychiatric disorders. The polygenetic nature of ADHD indicates that multiple genes jointly contribute to the development of this complex disease. Studies aiming to explore genetic susceptibility of ADHD have been increasing in recent years. There is a growing need to integrate the genetic data from various genetic studies to provide a comprehensive data set and uniform access for convenience of in-depth data mining. So far, there has been no such effort for ADHD. To address the genetic complexity of ADHD, we developed the ADHDgene database by integrating ADHD-related genetic factors by profound literature reading. Based on the data from the literature, extended functional analysis, including linkage disequilibrium analysis, pathway-based analysis and gene mapping were performed to provide new insights into genetic causes of ADHD. Moreover, powerful search tools and a graphical browser were developed to facilitate the navigation of the data and data connections. As the first genetic database for ADHD, ADHDgene aims to provide researchers with a central genetic resource and analysis platform for ADHD and is freely available at http://adhd.psych.ac.cn/
Pathway-based analysis for genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia to provide new insight in schizophrenia study
No full textSchizophrenia (SZ) is an inheritable complex mental disease. There have been several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of SZ to identify novel genetic susceptibility factors. To further interpret SZ GWASs, pathway-based analysis (PBA), which considers the combined effect of variants and identifies pathways associated with traits, provides a feasible solution to discover the biological function and mechanism of SZ. Furthermore, to investigate the common pathways between SZ and bipolar disorder (BD) will help explore common mechanism between psychiatric phenotypes. We performed a PBA, called improved gene set enrichment analysis (i-GSEA), on 3 independent GWASs of SZ to identify pathways associated with SZ. The results were further compared to the BD-associated pathways identified by i-GSEA for 2 BD GWASs and from literature reports. Our analysis identified a highly statistically significant association between SZ and pathway 'substrate specific channel activity' in all 3 SZ GWASs (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). This association has not been reported elsewhere before. This pathway was also identified by PBA for 2 independent BD GWASs. Our results suggest that pathway 'substrate specific channel activity' is statistically significantly associated with SZ, and SZ and BD share the common biological function and mechanism represented by this pathway
Bibliometric analysis of the inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Get PDFBackgroundMaladaptive inflammation is implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to visually analyze the global scientific output over the past two decades regarding research on inflammation associated with DCM.MethodsAll relevant articles and reviews were retrieved in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection (limited to SCIE) using “inflammation” and “diabetic cardiomyopathy” as search terms. Articles and reviews published from 1 January 2001 to 28 February 2021 were collected. Visualization analysis and statistical analysis were conducted by Microsoft 365 Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.18.ResultsA total of 578 documents were finally selected for further analysis. The publications regarding inflammation and DCM increased gradually over approximately 20 years. The most prolific country was China, with 296 documents and the most citations (9,366). The most influential author groups were Lu Cai and Yihui Tan who were from the United States. The bibliometric analysis of co-occurrence keywords showed that inflammation in DCM is composed of numerous molecules (NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf-2, TNF-α, protein kinase C, PPARα, TLR4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, TGF-β, Sirt1, and AKT), a variety of cardiac cell types (stem cell, fibroblast, and cardiomyocyte), physiological processes (apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypertrophy, mitochondrion dysfunction, and proliferation), and drugs (sulforaphane, metformin, empagliflozin, and rosuvastatin).ConclusionOur bibliometric analysis presents the characteristics and trends of inflammation in DCM and shows that research on inflammation in DCM will continue to be a hotspot
Insights on historical expansions of desertification in the Hunlun Buir and Horqin Deserts of Northeast China
No full textA Sustainable Composite Cementitious Material Manufactured by Phosphogypsum Waste
No full textThe phosphogypsum is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. It has accumulated over several decades, and not only takes up a large amount of land, but also poses a significant risk to the environment and resource waste. In order to promote the use of phosphogypsum, its hydration hardening characteristics are studied using a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and mercury intrusion porosimeter. When the amount of phosphogypsum is increased, a decreasing trend in the reaction degree, non-evaporable water and portlandite is observed. Among them, the reaction degree and non-evaporable water, flexural strength and compressive strength reached their maximum when the content of phosphogypsum was 10%, which were as follows: 22.34 %, 21.13 %, 9.02 MPa and 49.8 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, phosphogypsum can participate in the secondary hydration reaction in the system and act as a microaggregate. The addition of no more than 30% phosphogypsum can enhance mechanical characteristics, reduce porosity, refine pore size distributions and densify the microstructure. The findings of this study may aid in the production of phosphogypsum-based composite cementitious materials with superior performance, thereby promoting phosphogypsum recycling and protecting the environment
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