162 research outputs found
Subsidizing research programs with “if” and “when” uncertainty in the face of severe informational constraints
No full textWe study subsidy policies for research programs when firms have private information about the likelihood of project viability, but the government cannot form a unique prior about this likelihood. When the shadow cost of public funds is zero, first-best welfare can be attained as a (belief-free) ex post equilibrium under both monopoly and competition, but it cannot be attained when the shadow cost is positive. However, max-min subsidy policies exist under monopoly and competition and consist of pure matching subsidies. Under a Research and Development (R&D) consortium, the highest max-min matching rate is lower than under competition, and R&D investment intensity is higher.</p
Author Correction: Pay-it-forward incentives for hepatitis virus testing in men who have sex with men: a cluster randomized trial
No full textAuthor Correction to "Pay-it-forward incentives for hepatitis virus testing in men who have sex with men: a cluster randomized trial
Author Correction: Transcriptional regulation of N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits.
No full textAuthor Correction: Transcriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits
No full textThe JCMT BISTRO survey: Studying the complex magnetic field of L43
No full textKaroly et al.Karoly, Janik; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Pattle, Kate; Berry, David; Whitworth, Anthony; Kirk, Jason; Bastien, Pierre; Ching, Tao-Chung; Coudé, Simon; Hwang, Jihye; Kwon, Woojin; Soam, Archana; Wang, Jia-Wei; Hasegawa, Tetsuo; Lai, Shih-Ping; Qiu, Keping; Arzoumanian, Doris; Bourke, Tyler L.; Byun, Do-Young; Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien; Chen, Wen Ping; Chen, Mike; Chen, Zhiwei; Cho, Jungyeon; Choi, Minho; Choi, Youngwoo; Choi, Yunhee; Chrysostomou, Antonio; Chung, Eun Jung; Dai, Sophia; Debattista, Victor; Di Francesco, James; Diep, Pham Ngoc; Doi, Yasuo; Duan, Hao-Yuan; Duan, Yan; Eswaraiah, Chakali; Fanciullo, Lapo; Fiege, Jason; Fissel, Laura M.; Franzmann, Erica; Friberg, Per; Friesen, Rachel; Fuller, Gary; Furuya, Ray; Gledhill, Tim; Graves, Sarah; Greaves, Jane; Griffin, Matt; Gu, Qilao; Han, Ilseung; Hoang, Thiem; Houde, Martin; Hull, Charles L. H.; Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro; Iwasaki, Kazunari; Jeong, Il-Gyo; Johnstone, Doug; Könyves, Vera; Kang, Ji-hyun; Kang, Miju; Kataoka, Akimasa; Kawabata, Koji; Kemper, Francisca; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Shinyoung; Kim, Gwanjeong; Kim, Kyoung Hee; Kim, Mi-Ryang; Kim, Kee-Tae; Kim, Hyosung; Kirchschlager, Florian; Kobayashi, Masato I. N.; Koch, Patrick M.; Kusune, Takayoshi; Kwon, Jungmi; Lacaille, Kevin; Law, Chi-Yan; Lee, Chang Won; Lee, Hyeseung; Lee, Yong-Hee; Lee, Chin-Fei; Lee, Jeong-Eun; Lee, Sang-Sung; Li, Dalei; Li, Di; Li, Guangxing; Li, Hua-bai; Lin, Sheng-Jun; Liu, Hong-Li; Liu, Tie; Liu, Sheng-Yuan; Liu, Junhao; Longmore, Steven; Lu, Xing; Lyo, A. -Ran; Mairs, Steve; Matsumura, Masafumi; Matthews, Brenda; Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald; Nagata, Tetsuya; Nakamura, Fumitaka; Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Ngoc, Nguyen Bich; Ohashi, Nagayoshi; Onaka, Takashi; Park, Geumsook; Parsons, Harriet; Peretto, Nicolas; Priestley, Felix; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Qian, Lei; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Jonathan; Rawlings, Mark; Retter, Brendan; Richer, John; Rigby, Andrew; Sadavoy, Sarah; Saito, Hiro; Savini, Giorgio; Seta, Masumichi; Sharma, Ekta; Shimajiri, Yoshito; Shinnaga, Hiroko; Tahani, Mehrnoosh; Tamura, Motohide; Tang, Ya-Wen; Tang, Xindi; Tomisaka, Kohji; Tram, Le Ngoc; Tsukamoto, Yusuke; Viti, Serena; Wang, Hongchi; Wu, Jintai; Xie, Jinjin; Yang, Meng-Zhe; Yen, Hsi-Wei; Yoo, Hyunju; Yuan, Jinghua; Yun, Hyeong-Sik; Zenko, Tetsuya; Zhang, Guoyin; Zhang, Yapeng; Zhang, Chuan-Peng; Zhou, Jianjun; Zhu, Lei; de Looze, Ilse; André, Philippe; Dowell, C. Darren; Eden, David; Eyres, Stewart; Falle, Sam; Le Gouellec, Valentin J. M.; Poidevin, Frédérick; Robitaille, Jean-François; van Loo, SvenWe present observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm from the L43 molecular cloud, which sits in the Ophiuchus cloud complex. The data were taken using SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as a part of the BISTRO large program. L43 is a dense (NH 1022 2 ~ –1023 cm−2) complex molecular cloud with a submillimeter-bright starless core and two protostellar sources. There appears to be an evolutionary gradient along the isolated filament that L43 is embedded within, with the most evolved source closest to the Sco OB2 association. One of the protostars drives a CO outflow that has created a cavity to the southeast. We see a magnetic field that appears to be aligned with the cavity walls of the outflow, suggesting interaction with the outflow. We also find a magnetic field strength of up to ∼160 ± 30 μG in the main starless core and up to ∼90 ± 40 μG in the more diffuse, extended region. These field strengths give magnetically super- and subcritical values, respectively, and both are found to be roughly trans-Alfvénic. We also present a new method of data reduction for these denser but fainter objects like starless cores.J.K. acknowledges funding from the Moses Holden Studentship for his PhD. D.W.-T. acknowledge Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) support under grant No. ST\R000786\1. K.P. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, supported by grant No. URF\R1\211322. C.W.L. acknowledges the support by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2019R1A2C1010851), and support by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; project No. 2022-1-840-05). W.K. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1F1A1061794). K.Q. is supported by National Key R&D Program of China Nos. 2022YFA1603100 and 2017YFA0402604, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant U1731237, and the science research grant from the China Manned Space Project with No. CMS-CSST-2021-B06. C.L.H.H. acknowledges the support of the NAOJ Fellowship and JSPS KAKENHI grants KG18K13586, KG20K14527, and KG22H01271. M.R. is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. L.F. acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, under grant Nos. 111-2811-M-005-007 and 109-2112-M-005-003 -MY3. M.T. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. 18H05442, 15H02063, and 22000005. J.K. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 19K14775. D.J. is supported by NRC Canada and by an NSERC Discovery Grant. E.J.C. is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (grant No. NRF-2022R1I1A1A01053862). F.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant No. PID2019-105552RB-C43 and from the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) under the European FEDER (FONDO EUROPEO DE DESARROLLO REGIONAL) de Canarias 2014-2020 grant No. PROID2021010078. C.E. acknowledges the financial support from grant RJF/2020/000071 as a part of Ramanujan Fellowship awarded by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India.Peer reviewe
First BISTRO observations of the dark cloud Taurus L1495A-B10: The role of the magnetic field in the earliest stages of low-mass star formation
No full textWard-Thompson et al.Ward-Thompson, Derek; Karoly, Janik; Pattle, Kate; Whitworth, Anthony; Kirk, Jason; Berry, David; Bastien, Pierre; Ching, Tao-Chung; Coudé, Simon; Hwang, Jihye; Kwon, Woojin; Soam, Archana; Wang, Jia-Wei; Hasegawa, Tetsuo; Lai, Shih-Ping; Qiu, Keping; Arzoumanian, Doris; Bourke, Tyler L.; Byun, Do-Young; Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien; Chen, Wen Ping; Chen, Mike; Chen, Zhiwei; Cho, Jungyeon; Choi, Minho; Choi, Youngwoo; Choi, Yunhee; Chrysostomou, Antonio; Chung, Eun Jung; Dai, Sophia; Debattista, Victor; Di Francesco, James; Diep, Pham Ngoc; Doi, Yasuo; Duan, Hao-Yuan; Duan, Yan; Eswaraiah, Chakali; Fanciullo, Lapo; Fiege, Jason; Fissel, Laura M.; Franzmann, Erica; Friberg, Per; Friesen, Rachel; Fuller, Gary; Furuya, Ray; Gledhill, Tim; Graves, Sarah; Greaves, Jane; Griffin, Matt; Gu, Qilao; Han, Ilseung; Hayashi, Saeko; Hoang, Thiem; Houde, Martin; Hull, Charles L. H.; Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro; Iwasaki, Kazunari; Jeong, Il-Gyo; Johnstone, Doug; Könyves, Vera; Kang, Ji-hyun; Kang, Miju; Kataoka, Akimasa; Kawabata, Koji; Kemper, Francisca; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Shinyoung; Kim, Gwanjeong; Kim, Kyoung Hee; Kim, Mi-Ryang; Kim, Kee-Tae; Kim, Hyosung; Kirchschlager, Florian; Kobayashi, Masato I. N.; Koch, Patrick M.; Kusune, Takayoshi; Kwon, Jungmi; Lacaille, Kevin; Law, Chi-Yan; Lee, Chang Won; Lee, Hyeseung; Lee, Yong-Hee; Lee, Chin-Fei; Lee, Jeong-Eun; Lee, Sang-Sung; Li, Dalei; Li, Di; Li, Guangxing; Li, Hua-bai; Lin, Sheng-Jun; Liu, Hong-Li; Liu, Tie; Liu, Sheng-Yuan; Liu, Junhao; Longmore, Steven; Lu, Xing; Lyo, A. -Ran; Mairs, Steve; Matsumura, Masafumi; Matthews, Brenda; Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald; Nagata, Tetsuya; Nakamura, Fumitaka; Nakanishi, Hiroyuki; Ngoc, Nguyen Bich; Ohashi, Nagayoshi; Onaka, Takashi; Park, Geumsook; Parsons, Harriet; Peretto, Nicolas; Priestley, Felix; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Qian, Lei; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Jonathan; Rawlings, Mark; Retter, Brendan; Richer, John; Rigby, Andrew; Sadavoy, Sarah; Saito, Hiro; Savini, Giorgio; Seta, Masumichi; Shimajiri, Yoshito; Shinnaga, Hiroko; Tahani, Mehrnoosh; Tamura, Motohide; Tang, Ya-Wen; Tang, Xindi; Tomisaka, Kohji; Tram, Le Ngoc; Tsukamoto, Yusuke; Viti, Serena; Wang, Hongchi; Wu, Jintai; Xie, Jinjin; Yang, Meng-Zhe; Yen, Hsi-Wei; Yoo, Hyunju; Yuan, Jinghua; Yun, Hyeong-Sik; Zenko, Tetsuya; Zhang, Guoyin; Zhang, Yapeng; Zhang, Chuan-Peng; Zhou, Jianjun; Zhu, Lei; de Looze, Ilse; André, Philippe; Dowell, C. Darren; Eden, David; Eyres, Stewart; Falle, Sam; Le Gouellec, Valentin J. M.; Poidevin, Frédérick; Robitaille, Jean-François; van Loo, SvenWe present BISTRO Survey 850 μm dust emission polarization observations of the L1495A-B10 region of the Taurus molecular cloud, taken at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We observe a roughly triangular network of dense filaments. We detect nine of the dense starless cores embedded within these filaments in polarization, finding that the plane-of-sky orientation of the core-scale magnetic field lies roughly perpendicular to the filaments in almost all cases. We also find that the large-scale magnetic field orientation measured by Planck is not correlated with any of the core or filament structures, except in the case of the lowest-density core. We propose a scenario for early prestellar evolution that is both an extension to, and consistent with, previous models, introducing an additional evolutionary transitional stage between field-dominated and matter-dominated evolution, observed here for the first time. In this scenario, the cloud collapses first to a sheet-like structure. Uniquely, we appear to be seeing this sheet almost face on. The sheet fragments into filaments, which in turn form cores. However, the material must reach a certain critical density before the evolution changes from being field dominated to being matter dominated. We measure the sheet surface density and the magnetic field strength at that transition for the first time and show consistency with an analytical prediction that had previously gone untested for over 50 yr.D.W.T. acknowledges funding support from the UK STFC through grant number ST/R000786/1. J.K. acknowledges funding from the Moses Holden Scholarship for his PhD. K.P. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, supported by grant number URF\R1\211322. M.T. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos.18H05442, 15H02063, and 22000005. J.K. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No.19K14775. F.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant number PID2019-105552RB-C43. F.K. is supported by the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. C.E. acknowledges the financial support from grant RJF/2020/000071 as a part of Ramanujan Fellowship awarded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India. W.K. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; NRF-2021R1F1A1061794). The work of M.G.R. is supported by NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M).Peer reviewe
Pay-it-forward incentives for hepatitis virus testing in men who have sex with men: a cluster randomized trial
No full textPay-it-forward incentives involve having a person receive a free test with community-generated messages and then asking if those who received a free test would like to donate money to support others to receive free testing. Here we undertook a two-arm cluster-randomized trial to evaluate pay-it-forward incentives with active community participation to promote hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among men who have sex with men in China. Men randomized to the pay-it-forward arm received free HBV and HCV testing and were offered a chance to pay-it-forward by donating money to support the testing of another anonymous person. Each participant paid for their HCV and HBV test at 7.7 USD per test in the standard-of-care arm. The primary outcome was the proportion of men who tested for HBV and HCV. Between 28 March and 6 November 2021, 32 groups (10 men per group) of men were randomized to the pay-it-forward (n = 160, 16 clusters) and standard-of-care (n = 162, 16 clusters) arms, respectively. HBV and HCV rapid testing were higher in the pay-it-forward arm (59.4%) than in the standard-of-care arm (25.3%) (proportion difference 35.2%, 95% confidence interval 24.1–46.3%). No adverse events were reported. The community-led pay-it-forward incentives improved HBV and HCV testing among men who have sex with men. Clinical Trial registration: ChiCTR 2100046140
Pay-it-forward incentives for hepatitis virus testing in men who have sex with men: a cluster randomized trial
No full textPay-it-forward incentives involve having a person receive a free test with community-generated messages and then asking if those who received a free test would like to donate money to support others to receive free testing. Here we undertook a two-arm cluster-randomized trial to evaluate pay-it-forward incentives with active community participation to promote hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among men who have sex with men in China. Men randomized to the pay-it-forward arm received free HBV and HCV testing and were offered a chance to pay-it-forward by donating money to support the testing of another anonymous person. Each participant paid for their HCV and HBV test at 7.7 USD per test in the standard-of-care arm. The primary outcome was the proportion of men who tested for HBV and HCV. Between 28 March and 6 November 2021, 32 groups (10 men per group) of men were randomized to the pay-it-forward (n = 160, 16 clusters) and standard-of-care (n = 162, 16 clusters) arms, respectively. HBV and HCV rapid testing were higher in the pay-it-forward arm (59.4%) than in the standard-of-care arm (25.3%) (proportion difference 35.2%, 95% confidence interval 24.1-46.3%). No adverse events were reported. The community-led pay-it-forward incentives improved HBV and HCV testing among men who have sex with men. Clinical Trial registration: ChiCTR 2100046140
WITHDRAWN: NNK promotes chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and accelerates pancreatic cancer migration
No full textTranscriptional regulation of N6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits
No full text- …
