212 research outputs found
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Expanding Public Access to Federally Funded Research- Implementing the OSTP Memo
No full textIn a policy memorandum released in February 2013, the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Holdren directed federal agencies to develop plans to make the published results of federally funded research freely available to the public within one year of publication, and required researchers to better account for and manage the digital data resulting from federally funded scientific research. Panelists discuss and debate major proposals for addressing the directive -- CHORUS, SHARE, and NIH policies.
Panelists:
Alicia Wise is Director of Universal Access at Elsevier, where she manages Elsevier's access strategy and policies and launches and monitors access pilot projects.
Neil Thakur is Special Assistant to the Deputy Director for Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He also serves as program manager for the NIH Public Access Policy.
Judy Ruttenberg is the program director for the Transforming Research Libraries strategic direction. Her responsibilities also include the E-Research Working Group and the Transforming Special Collections in the Digital Age Working Group.
Moderator:
Elwin Wu is an Associate Director of the Columbia University School of Social Work Social Intervention Group and the Co-Director of the HIV Intervention Science Training Program for Racial/Ethnic Minority New Investigators
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Childhood sexual abuse among Black men who have sex with men: A cornerstone of a syndemic?
Get PDFBackground
The sequelae of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) includes HIV infection, engagement in HIV risk behaviors, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Although Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV in the U.S.—especially in urban locations such as New York City—there is limited research with larger samples of Black MSM of varied HIV status regarding the prevalence of CSA and the potential negative consequence with respect to a “syndemic,” i.e., the co-occurrence of adverse conditions such as HIVrisk, substance misuse, and IPV.
Methods
Black MSM (N = 1,002) recruited in New York City from 2009–2015 completed a screening assessment eliciting self-reported data on age, CSA, self-reported HIV status, number of male sexual partners, number of acts of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), substance misuse, and IPV. Hypothesis testing utilized logistic and linear regression models with self-reported data on CSA (independent variable) and indicators of the following syndemic factors: HIV risk, substance misuse, and IPV.
Results
More than one-fourth (28.1%) met criteria for experiencing CSA. CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of being HIV-positive (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); number of male sexual partners (b = 2.0, SE = 0.5, p = .002) and condomless acts of anal intercourse (b = 4.3, SE = 1.6, p = .007); odds of binge drinking (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0) and illicit substance use (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1–2.0); and odds of experiencing current IPV (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3). CSA was associated with significantly greater odds of concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.9, p < .001); concurrently experiencing 2 or more syndemic factors was significantly associated with having a riskier HIV status (for being HIV-positive: AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1, p = .02; for having an unknown HIV status: AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9–12.9, p = .04).
Conclusions
Among Black MSM, CSA is a prevalent problem and is a significant antecedent to HIV, substance misuse, and IPV indicators and risk. Addressing CSA may be a valuable approach to remedy the syndemic of HIV, substance misuse, and violence that has burdened MSM, especially Black MSM, in the U.S
Wu, Lillian
No full textPassport photo of woman. Negative scan.In 1922, Kinso Ninomiya opened the Ninomiya Studio in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles. Due to Executive Order 9066 in 1942, the studio was forced to close but was reopened by Kinso and his son, Elwin Ichiro, in 1949. The studio operated in Little Tokyo until its final closing in 1986. The Ninomiya Studio Collection captures slices of Japanese American life in Los Angeles from the 1950s through the 1980s. The collection contains formal portraiture and candid photography in black and white and color as well as commercial photography for local businesses and reproductions of older photographs. The negatives come in a variety of sizes, including 8 x 10 inch negatives and panoramic negatives on Cirkut film. Each negative scanned has been selected out of multiple negatives and prints from a set. The title of the negative scan reflects the purchaser’s name
Designing an automated, efficient, flexible, scalable, and future-proof return hall in an automated retail distribution center: A conceptual design for a return hall at Hoogvliet Supermarkets
No full textBackground: With around 70 supermarkets, Hoogvliet is one of the smaller supermarkets in the Netherlands. During the past years, more companies have become aware of the importance of efficient reversed logistics (Senthil et al., 2018). By optimizing this return flow, the return hall of supermarkets plays an important role. With the expected increase of supermarkets that the same return hall must serve and the limited capacity of employees in mind, Hoogvliet wants to redesign its return hall. However, based on literature research, research is primarily done on reusable packaging systems instead of processes and the dynamics within a return hall. This article partly closes this knowledge gap with a conceptual design for the return hall of Hoogvliet, which gives insight in the efficient solutions and layouts within a return hall. Based on the brownfield of the return hall of Hoogvliets DC, this article aims to ‘design an efficient, flexible, scalable and future-proof return and packaging hall, which solves the capacity issues in employees and workspace and increases the throughput of containers per hour.’ Method: A design method is used, derived from Dym et al. (1999), containing five phases: problem definition, conceptual design, model and evaluate design, optimize and implement design, and conclusion. Results: Analysing the current situation shows that 23 main processes can be defined. The quantitative analysis shows that the transportation of loading carriers is one of the most labor-intensive jobs. For all of the 23 processes, three designs are made called ‘split waste and packaging’ (1), ‘carousel’ (2), and ‘completely automated’ (3). All these designs are simulated for three future scenarios. The simulation shows that design 2 has the best score for transport and loading. However, design 3 obtains a higher overall score. The disadvantage of design 3 is the long inbound queue. With some improvements, the second design will get the most stable performance in the future and has an inbound line that is acceptable for Hoogvliet. Implementation: The second design is advised to implement at the return hall of Hoogvliet. This could be done in different phases. First, Hoogvliet needs to make someone responsible for the implementation and coordination. One of his first tasks should be job standardization and allocation per employee, then relocating some sorting stations, and lastly, the different solutions could be implemented step by step. Per scenario, the estimated quantities per solution are given. Based on the developments in terms of growth, a separate floor is needed as a buffer zone for empty loading carriers, which is already part of the optimized second design of this thesis. Concluding: The (different) conceptual design(s) give insight that closes the knowledge gap: (1) Transportation within return halls with the same processes significantly impacts the workload and should be eliminated as far as possible. (2) In the short term (<3 years), transport solutions could result in significant savings. (3) In the long term (>3 years), advanced automated sorting systems have higher savings than minor improvements.Transport, Infrastructure and Logistic
Robust Shunting in a Dynamic Environment: Deriving Proactive Schedules from a Reactive Policy
No full textWhen trains are not actively traveling on the main rail network, they to be parked and prepared for their next journey. This is a complex problem, involving several interconnected subproblems. Additionally, there is uncertainty in this environment which can render initial plans infeasible during their execution. To ensure trains are able to depart in time, having finished all their required service tasks, a schedule is created in advance.The focus of this thesis is to address the challenges associated with generating robust initial shunting plans in an uncertain environment. This thesis focuses on a sequential problem formulation, modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and uses a policy optimized for this environment. The goal is to design a method capable of deriving robust initial shunting plans from the policy that are likely to remain feasible for a large number of possible plan executions.The limitation addressed in this thesis, is that conventional policy-rollout techniques generate action sequences that overlook most alternative outcomes, thereby making the overall plan not feasible for a large number of plan realizations. To address this issue, the thesis proposes two distinct solution methods, aimed to consider every possible state that might be encountered, either directly or indirectly.Through experimentation on realistically generated problem instances, the research concludes that both proposed methods significantly outperform the baseline approach, demonstrating the possibility of extracting robust initial shunting plans from a given policy that was not explicitly designed for this purpose.Computer Scienc
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UNI: TGNB in Kazakhstan Data
No full textData from UNI study: extract of TGNB participants who have complete HIV and STI status information.
Associated paper abstract:
Introduction: Trans and gender expansive (TGE) individuals around the world are at increased risk for contracting HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet the combination of stigma, accessibility challenges, and a lack of trans-specific, trans-affirming interventions perpetuates rates of infection. Due to the severe paucity of data on TGE communities and HIV in Central Asia, this study describes HIV infections (both known and newly detected) and STIs among TGE in a multicity Kazakhstan study.
Methods: This study utilized behavioral and biological assay data collected in a NIDA-funded clinical trial of a behavioral HIV preventive intervention for substance using cis and trans gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM) across three Kazakhstan cities (Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent). We specifically focus on HIV infection, as well as three other STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis), among 68 TGE individuals who participated in the trial from August 2018 to March 2022.
Results: Findings reveal that while the majority (69%) of TGE participants have undergone HIV testing in their lifetime—with 32% having completed an HIV test in the prior 6 months—over a third (37%) of participants did not know their current HIV status. Fourteen (21%) of the participants were confirmed to be living with HIV, and 11 (79%) of these confirmed infections were reportedly unknown prior to testing. STI testing revealed that 47% of the TGE sample tested positive for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis, with almost 10% testing positive for more than one of these STIs.
Conclusions: Findings from this study demonstrate high rates of HIV and STIs among TGE individuals in this sample population in Kazakhstan, as well as a discrepancy between HIV status awareness and confirmed HIV diagnosis (with higher rates of confirmed HIV diagnosis). Additionally, the HIV testing rates fall short of the 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 UNAIDS targets for 2020 and 2030, respectively. These results underscore the need for additional research, interventions, and services to address HIV and other STIs and increase testing—concomitantly redressing the conditions leading to marginalization—among TGE in Kazakhstan.
Clinical Trial Number: NCT0278661
Umesato, Jow Pyi Wu
No full textPassport photo of man. Negative scan.In 1922, Kinso Ninomiya opened the Ninomiya Studio in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles. Due to Executive Order 9066 in 1942, the studio was forced to close but was reopened by Kinso and his son, Elwin Ichiro, in 1949. The studio operated in Little Tokyo until its final closing in 1986. The Ninomiya Studio Collection captures slices of Japanese American life in Los Angeles from the 1950s through the 1980s. The collection contains formal portraiture and candid photography in black and white and color as well as commercial photography for local businesses and reproductions of older photographs. The negatives come in a variety of sizes, including 8 x 10 inch negatives and panoramic negatives on Cirkut film. Each negative scanned has been selected out of multiple negatives and prints from a set. The title of the negative scan reflects the purchaser’s name
The Alien Meets Some Constitutional Hurdles in Employment, Education and Aid Programs
Get PDFThis Article analyzes some of the legal obstacles that aliens have encountered in attempting to take advantage of some of the opportunities available to United States citizens, and the constitutional questions that have been raised in this context. The author examines the major decisions affecting aliens in several areas and finds some inconsistency. The author suggests that the Supreme Court is beginning to take a harder look at the role of aliens in the political community and is restricting to citizens the functions of representative government
Exclusion and Deportation: Some Avenues of Relief for the Alien
Get PDFThis article is about the statutory relief available to some aliens whose violation of immigration laws would ordinarily subject them to deportation or exclusion. The author begins by discussing section 241(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, which provides relief in certain cases to aliens who otherwise would be deported if they have established close family relationship with American citizens or permanent residents. The author then addresses section 212(c) of the Act, which permits the Attorney General to exercise discretion to admit an alien who may be otherwise be excludable. Finally the author examines section 244(a)(1) of the Act, which allows for the suspension of deportation of some illegal aliens that have been physically present in the United States for a continuous period of seven years
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