418,236 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Gahrliepia (Gateria) minuta Chung, Wu, Kuo and Wang 2015
No full textGahrliepia (Gateria) minuta Chung, Wu, Kuo and Wang, 2015: ORIPublished as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/474551
The Trip of Chung-yu Tsu-ch’an and Wu-i K’o-ch’in to Japan and Their Inscriptions on Paintings
Full text linkIn the present paper the author introduces two paintings which have inscriptions by Chung- yu Tsu-ch'an 仲猷祖闡 and Wu-i K’o-ch'in 無逸克勤 and discusses related art historical problems. Chung-yu Tsu-ch’an was a monk of the Ch’an (Jap. : Zen) Sect and Wu-i K’o-ch'in was a monk of the T'ien-t'ai (Jap. : Tendai) Sect of Buddhism. They were dispatched to Japan as mission members by the emperor of Ming China, T'ai-tsu, in the sixth year of Hung-wu Era (A. D. 1373; The sixth year of Ōan Era in the Japanese calendar) and returned to China two years later.
A coloured painting of Kṣitigarbha with complimentary inscription by Wu-i K’o-ch'in on it is owned by the Jishōin, a subsidiary temple of the Shōkokuji and it has a close stylistic relationship to the Amitābha Triad owned by the Shōjōkein, Kyoto, which is a representative work of the Southern Sung Dynasty, painted by P’u-yüeh. The former painting has no later, or particularly Japanese, elements added. However, the author who minutely analyzed the inscription, including the signature of the inscriber “Wa-kuan pi-ch'iu K'o-ch'in 瓦官比丘克勤”, reached the conclusion that it was perhaps inscribed while the priest stayed in Japan. And its stylistic characteristics and the fact that the inscription was usually added just after the work was made, reinforce this interpretation. The author is of the opinion that this painting is not a late Yüan or early Ming Chinese piece after an older style but it is a Japanese work of the middle fourteenth century when Japanese artists were incorporating Chinese models.
On the other hand, the Śākyamuni Triad owned by the Konchiin at Shiba, Tokyo, is easily recognizable as a work of fourteenth century Japan. Therefore the inscription by Chung-yu Tsu-ch'an would naturally have been added when he was in Japan. The most Japanese feature of this work is that the formal beauty of the lines is sought for rather than the exact rendition of the subject.
Thus, the two works with inscriptions by Chinese delegates are considered to be Japanese products of the period. However, they were not only executed in different techniques, coloured painting and drawing, but they followed different models, in Chinese painting. The former was based on Southern Sung painting and the latter on Yüan Dynasty unaccentuated line drawing (Pai-miao drawing). Both, therefore, look to be stylistically exclusive of each other. But, at the same time, they have one feature in common. Both show the process of assimilating what had been achieved in landscape painting. In other words, the natural sense of space as seen in landscape painting is incorporated into both of these works.
The author considers that these paintings thus occupy positions in the transition from the current of religious figure paintig to the current of landscape painting in fourteenth and fifteenth century Japan.journal articl
Sedum triangulisepalum T. S. Liu & N. J. Chung ex T. C. Hsu & S. W. Chung 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> T.S. Liu & N.J. Chung ex T.C. Hsu & S.W. Chung, <i>sp. nov.</i></p> <p> [“ <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> T.S. Liu & N.J. Chung (1977: 21, as <i>triangulosepalum</i>)”, <i>nom. inval.</i>; “ <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> T.S. Liu & N.J. Chung ex H.W. Lin (1999: 102, as <i>triangulosepalum</i>)”, <i>nom. inval.</i>; “ <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> T.S. Liu & N.J. Chung ex S.W. Chung ” in Chen <i>et al.</i> (2017: 329, as <i>triangulosepalum</i>), <i>nom. inval.</i>].</p> <p> <b>Type:</b> — TAIWAN. Hualien County: Hsiulin Township, Lo-ma-wan Shan, 1800 m elev., 15 June 1973, <i>N.J. Chung 280</i> (holotype: NTUF!, barcode: F00008307; isotypes: NTUF!, eight sheets, barcodes: F00008308–F00008315).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> — <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> is similar to <i>S. truncatistigmum</i> T.S. Liu & N.J. Chung (1977: 23) in sharing epiphytic life-form, alternate and ±flattened leaves and fused calyx, while the former is readily distinguished in having longer calyx (1.5–2.0 vs. 0.8–1.0 mm) that are only fused at the base (vs. nearly entirely fused).</p> <p> <b>Morphological descriptions and illustrations:</b> —This species has been described by Liu & Chung (1977: 21) and illustrated by Tang & Huang (1989: 27, pl. 15, as <i>Sedum microsepalum</i>), Chen <i>et al.</i> (2017: 329) and Ito <i>et al.</i> (2017: 11, fig. 1D).</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology:</b> — <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> is endemic in Taiwan, where it occurs in the northern and eastern portions of the main island and usually grows on tree trunks in montane cloud forests at 500–2000 m elev. (Liu & Chung 1977; Chen <i>et al.</i> 2017; Ito <i>et al.</i> 2017).</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —The specific epithet is composed of two Latin elements: <i>triangulus</i>, triangular, and <i>sepalum</i>, sepal, referring to its triangular calyx lobes. It should be spelt as “ <i>triangulisepalum</i> ” instead of “ <i>triangulosepalum</i> ” as originally published by Liu & Chung (1977) according to Art. 60.10 of the ICN.</p> <p> <b>Note:</b> —Two gatherings, “ <i>Suzuki s.n.</i> ” collected from Wulai and “ <i>Chuang 280</i> ” collected from Lomawanshan, were cited under <i>Sedum triangulisepalum</i> by Liu & Chung (1977), and “ <i>Chuang 280</i> ” is presumably a typo of “ <i>Chung 280</i> ” since the “ <i>N.J. Chung 280</i> ” gathering, collected by the second original author and currently preserved in NTUF, matches well with the data given in the original publication (Liu & Chung 1977). There are nine duplicates of <i>Chung 280</i>, including one (barcode: F00008307) labelled as “ holotype ” and the others (barcodes: F00008308–F00008315) as “isotype”. Although these labels could not be archived as the legitimate designation of types as they are not effectively published (see Art. 7.10 of the ICN), they supposedly reflect the original author’s intention and are thus adopted here. Images of all type materials are available in the “Plants of Taiwan ” database [http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw].</p>Published as part of <i>Hsu, Tian-Chuan & Chung, Shih-Wen, 2022, Validation of the name Sedum triangulosepalum (Crassulaceae), pp. 215-216 in Phytotaxa 547 (2)</i> on page 215, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.2.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6571375">http://zenodo.org/record/6571375</a>
What Can Cryptography Do for Decentralized Mechanism Design?
Full text linkRecent works of Roughgarden (EC'21) and Chung and Shi (SODA'23) initiate the study of a new decentralized mechanism design problem called transaction fee mechanism design (TFM). Unlike the classical mechanism design literature, in the decentralized environment, even the auctioneer (i.e., the miner) can be a strategic player, and it can even collude with a subset of the users facilitated by binding side contracts. Chung and Shi showed two main impossibility results that rule out the existence of a dream TFM. First, any TFM that provides incentive compatibility for individual users and miner-user coalitions must always have zero miner revenue, no matter whether the block size is finite or infinite. Second, assuming finite block size, no non-trivial TFM can simultaneously provide incentive compatibility for any individual user and for any miner-user coalition.
In this work, we explore what new models and meaningful relaxations can allow us to circumvent the impossibility results of Chung and Shi. Besides today’s model that does not employ cryptography, we introduce a new MPC-assisted model where the TFM is implemented by a joint multi-party computation (MPC) protocol among the miners. We prove several feasibility and infeasibility results for achieving strict and approximate incentive compatibility, respectively, in the plain model as well as the MPC-assisted model. We show that while cryptography is not a panacea, it indeed allows us to overcome some impossibility results pertaining to the plain model, leading to non-trivial mechanisms with useful guarantees that are otherwise impossible in the plain model. Our work is also the first to characterize the mathematical landscape of transaction fee mechanism design under approximate incentive compatibility, as well as in a cryptography-assisted model
Justification of installing 4GL in Hong Kong environment.
Full text linkby Wu Chung Man, Ronnie.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988.Bibliography: leaves 43-45
The Transformation of the Chung-shu-sheng 中書省 in the Early Ming 明
Full text linkMing T'ai-tsu 明太祖, Chu Yuan-chang 朱元璋, became the King of Wu 呉王in 1364 CChih-cheng 至正24); and established a system following the Yuan 元which made the chung-shu-sheng the pivotal organ of state. Later, in 1376 (Hung-wu 洪武9), he abolished the positions of chung-shu-sheng-hei-chang-cheng-shih 中書省平章政事 and ts'an-shih-cheng-shis 參知政事；in 1380 (Hung-wu 13) he abolished the chung-shu-sheng itself. However, the chung-shu-sheng had in fact completed its internal transformation from the perspective both of its responsibilities and personnel structure already in 1371 (Hung-wu 4); the reform of 1376 confirmed it. I believe the reason that it took five years from the de facto transformation until the formal changeover was due to the need to wait for the maturation to a situation in which the formal change could be effected--stability both domestically and in foreign affairs as well as a satisfactory increase in the number of officials competent in government business. By the 1376 reform the chief 左 and subordinate 右 ch'eng-hsiang 丞相 of the chung-shu-sheng were clearly moving toward autocratic power, and the overall bureaucratic reform of 1380 centering on the abolition of the chung-shu-sheng was implemented so that chief cch'eng-hsiang Hu Wei-yung 胡惟庸could take a large measure of power. In this way I believe the Hung-wu emperor moved to accomplish his own distinctive administrative system
The Impact of Yield Insurance on Taiwan’s Cobia Off-shore Cage Culture, I C. Liao and Eduardo M. L. (eds.), Cobia Aquaculture: Research, Development and Commercial Production
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