1,006 research outputs found
Populism and International Law: What Backlash and Which Rubicon?
No full textThis chapter introduces the theme of the volume, populism and international law, as well as its chapters. It does so by first discussing the Dutch political reality with its increasingly populist tendencies that was on the minds of the Editors when deciding to devote a volume to this theme. Subsequently, it explores briefly the many faces of populism and the different manifestations of the relationship between populism and international law. Rather than taking the so-called populist backlash against globalisation, international law and governance, at face value, this volume aims to dig deeper beyond mere ‘backlash’ rhetoric and wonders ‘what backlash are we talking about, really?’ While populism is contextual and contingent on the society in which it rises and its relationship with international law and institutions thus has differed likewise, this chapter’s historical reflections assist in our examination of what we find so dangerous about populism and problematic in its relationship with international law. It concludes by introducing the chapters individually and to some degree in relation to each other.</p
Towards a legal methodology of globalization
No full textAccording to the German sociologist and philosopher Niklas Luhmann, globalization is characterized by a shift from territorial borders to functional boundaries.1 Important issue areas2 such as the market, environment, or human rights, have left territorial boundaries behind. Thus, the state has become unable to strike the balance between different values and interests associated with different issue areas. However, on the global scale, no mechanism is in place to substitute for this role of the territorial state.3 In a “club model”, different functionally defined “issue areas” could be separated in a way that the different professional “cells” administering the systems were not connected with each other.4 With the expansion of the narrow schemes to cover more and more ground, however, their self-sufficiency and lack of contact over both territorial and functional borders are becoming untenable
The Phenomenon of Yearbooks in International Law:An Introduction
No full textIn 1970 the first Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (NYIL) was published. The current Volume is No. 50, which means that the Yearbook has now been with us for half a century. The current General Editors decided not to let this moment pass unnoticed, and have devoted this entire Volume to an analysis of the phenomenon of Yearbooks in international law as such. Indeed, not many academic disciplines have Yearbooks, so why do we? What is the added value of having a Yearbook alongside the abundance of international law journals, regular monographs and edited volumes that are produced each year? Does the existence of Yearbooks tell us something about who we are, or who we think we are, or what we have to contribute to the world?</p
Norm violations and punishment beyond the nation-state:Normative orders, authority, and conflict in international society
No full textPunitive practices are highly revealing of a society's social fabric, normative order, and power structure. However, the social sciences and humanities have hitherto studied punishment mostly in the context of the nation-state by examining how people, organizations, and legal institutions punish individual offenders within national boundaries. In contrast, this chapter examines punitive practices of international society, where punitive practices have assumed three main forms: sanctions, international courts and tribunals, and the punitive use of armed force. A punitive lens on international affairs contributes to the understanding of international society in three ways: It identifies which norms and values are at the core of the international order and its conception of justice, it helps identify structures of power and authority in international society, and an analysis of the penal philosophies that buttress the punitive enforcement of norms points to the potential for conflict and cooperation in international society.</p
Accounting and the Birth of the Notion of Capitalism
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to cast a new light on the post-Sombartian debate. It contributes to some understanding of the birth of the concept of capitalism itself. The author argues that the history of how the concept of capitalism was invented is an example of the influence of accounting ideas on economic and sociological thinking.capitalism; accounting; Karl Marx; Werner Sombart
Author Correction: Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses
No full text© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. In this Letter, the middle initial of author G. J. Nabuurs was omitted, and he should have been associated with an additional affiliation: ‘Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands’ (now added as affiliation 182). In addition, the following two statements have been added to the Supplementary Acknowledgements. (1): ‘We would particularly like to thank The French NFI for the work of the many field teams and engineers, who have made extraordinary efforts to make forest inventory data publicly available.’ (1): ‘Sergio de Miguel benefited from a Serra- Húnter Fellowship provided by the Generalitat of Catalonia.’ Finally, the second sentence of the Methods section should have cited the French NFI, which provided a national forestry database used in our analysis, to read as follows: ‘The GFBi database consists of individual-based data that we compiled from all the regional and national GFBi forest-inventory datasets, including the French NFI (IGN—French National Forest Inventory, raw data, annual campaigns 2005 and following, https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159, site accessed on 01 January 2015)’. All of these errors have been corrected online
Pursuing Justice for MH17:The Role of the Netherlands
No full textOn 17 July 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 that set off to fly from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur was shot down over Eastern Ukraine, where an armed conflict took place between Ukrainian armed forces and separatists supported by Russia. This chapter discusses the legal developments around the MH17 crash up to 2018 and what actions the Netherlands has taken and is considering in their pursuit of justice for MH17. In 2018, the Netherlands announced that it holds Russia accountable for its involvement in downing MH17, that it invited Russia to engage in negotiations, and that legal action may follow. Moreover, the Netherlands declared that it is not considering similar action against Ukraine for failing to adequately communicate about the security risks in their airspace unless new evidence would appear. This chapter discusses what those announcements mean, what legal arguments exist against Russia and Ukraine, and what deliberations are relevant for the Netherlands in their consideration whether or not to pursue the judicial path in finding justice for the MH17 victims
Sisyphus in robes: International law, legal interpretation and the absurd
No full textLegal systems across the world contain the obligation to prevent 'absurd interpretations' of law. In international law, an instruction to avoid 'manifestly absurd' interpretations can be found in Article 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. This gives rise to at least two questions that I will take up in this article. First, what is meant by the 'absurd' that is to be avoided in legal interpretation. The short answer to this question is: no one knows exactly. The absurd, by its very nature, resists definition in pre-given categories, as I will argue on the basis of four core thinkers on the absurd: Soren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Thomas Nagel. The second question is more technical and easier to answer: how should lawyers try to avoid absurd interpretations? Here, I turn to absurdist writing and the theatre of the absurd for assistance. Absurdist writing and theatre have developed a number of techniques to make the absurd appear, to let the audience experience that something is fundamentally out of tune. Lawyers use similar techniques, but in reverse and with an opposite purpose: they add exposition, narrative, reasonable language, and stable, rational legal personae. In this way, they boost the rationality and reasonableness of the legal order. However, to come full circle, it is exactly the pretension of rationality and reasonableness that makes the law vulnerable to manifestations of the absurd. The rationality of law is the springboard for the very same absurdity it tries to suppress.</p
Buribunks and foundational paradoxes of international law
No full textSchmitt’s essay ‘The Buribunks’ reflects some age-old problems, tensions and paradoxes of international legal theory, including Schmitt’s own treatment of the history of international law. Both Schmitt’s essay and international legal theory are unable to define their main subject in a fully coherent way. They oscillate between naturalism and positivism, facticity and normativity and between internal and external perspectives. However, the inability to define its main subject does not as such discredit international legal theory or Schmitt’s essay. On the contrary: it is the specific paradoxes and tensions that define what it is to engage in international legal reasoning, just as it is the endless going back and forth between opposite poles that makes the reader familiar with the strange character of the Buribunks
Kommentare zur Neubearbeitung der Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4 (Kritischer Band): 3. Zur Nomenklatur einiger Arten und Unterarten
No full textWerner, K. 2002: Kommentare zur Neubearbeitung der Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4 (Kritischer Band). 3. Zur Nomenklatur einiger Arten und Unterarten. Schlechtendalia 8: 1-13.Die Nomenklatur in der 9. Auflage von Band 4 der „Exkursionsflora“ (Jäger & Werner 2001) folgt allgemein der „Standardliste“ von Wisskirchen & Haeupler (1998). Einige Abweichungen und Korrekturen waren jedoch notwendig und werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit begründet.(1) Richtige Schreibweise von Solanum sarrachoides und des deutschen Namens. (2) Die in der von Zopfi bearbeiteten Gattung Rhinanthus als Unterarten bewerteten pseudosaisonpolymorphen Ökotypen werden mit ihren wichtigsten Synonymen aufgeführt und teilweise kommentiert. Die Literaturzitate in der Standardliste sind häufig fehlerhaft oder falsch. Rhinanthus rumelicus ist der korrekte Name für Rh. alectorolophus subsp. aschersonianus und Rh. pulcher derjenige für Rh. alpinus. Der Autor von Rh. angustifolius subsp. apterus lautet Soó. In der Exkursionsflora, Band 4 (2001: 581) sind zu verbessern Rh. pulcher subsp. alpinus in subsp. pulcher sowie die Autornamen bei Rh. angustifolius subsp. paludosus (O. Schwarz) Soó und subsp. arenarius (U. Schneid.) Soó. Der mehrdeutige Name Rh. angustifolius sollte verworfen und durch Rh. serotinus ersetzt werden, der schon in früheren Auflagen der „Exkursionsflora“ verwendet wurde. Hierunter Rh. serotinus subsp. halophilus (U. Schneid.) K. Werner, comb. nov. (3) Der korrekte Name für die blaublütige Sippe von Phyteuma spicatum ist subsp. coeruleum R. Schulz. (4) Als Folge der geänderten Typisierung der Gattung Chrysanthemum mit Ch. indicum als konserviertem Typus müssen die zwei bisher unter diesem Namen vereinten Arten Ch. coronarium (in Deutschland nur kultiviert) und Ch. segetum den Gattungsnamen Glebionis Cass. führen. Die interessante Geschichte dieses Namens wird als eine Folge von Irrtümern dargestellt. Die Namen Pinardia Cass. und Xanthophthalmum Schultz Bip. sind für die Gattung in ihrer heutigen Umgrenzung nicht anwendbar. Der deutsche Name Wucherblume sollte für diese Gattung beibehalten werden.Werner, K. 2002: Comments to the revised edition of „Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Band 4 (Kritischer Band)“. 3. To the nomenclature of some species and subspecies. Schlechtendalia 8: 1-13.The nomenclature applied in the 9th edition of vol. 4 of the „Exkursionsflora“ (Jäger & Werner 2001) agrees in general with that of the „Standardliste“ of Wisskirchen & Haeupler (1998). However, some deviations and corrections have been necessary and are explained in the present paper.(1) The correct spelling of Solanum sarrachoides and its German name. (2) Pseudoseasonpolymorphous ecotypes in the genus Rhinanthus, as treated by Zopfi, which have been considered to be subspecies, are enumerated together with important synonyms and some of them are discussed. References in the „Standardliste“ are either correct (!) or often wrong (*) and incomplete (°), respectively. Rhinanthus rumelicus is the correct name for Rh. alectorolophus subsp. aschersonianus, and the name Rh. alpinus must be replaced by Rh. pulcher. The correct author of Rh. angustifolius subsp. apterus is Soó. In the „Exkursionsflora“ (vol. 4, p. 581) Rh. pulcher subsp. alpinus has to be changed to subsp. pulcher since the former subspecies does not occur in Germany. The correct author quotations for two additional subspecies are Rh. angustifolius subsp. paludosus (O. Schwarz) Soó and subsp. arenarius (U. Schneid.) Soó. The ambiguous name Rh. angustifolius C.C. Gmel. should be rejected and replaced by Rh. serotinus (Schönh.) Oborny, which has already been used in previous editions of the „Exkursionsflora“. The new combination Rh. serotinus subsp. halophilus (U. Schneid.) K. Werner is proposed. (3) Subsp. coeruleum R. Schulz is the correct name for the blue-flowered Phyteuma spicatum. (4) In consequence of the changed typification of Chrysanthemum with Ch. indicum as conserved type, Ch. coronarium (in Germany only cultivated) and Ch. segetum must be referred to Glebionis Cass., as G. coronaria (L.) Spach and G. segetum (L.) Fourr. The generic names Pinardia Cass. and Xanthophthalmum Schultz Bip. are not applicable to this genus in the present circumscription. The German name „Wucherblume“ should be maintained for this genus.Die Schlechtendalia publiziert Originalbeiträge mit Schwerpunkt Spezielle Botanik und Biodiversität, Floristik, Mykologie/Lichenologie, Wissenschaftsgeschichte und andere Themen mit Bezug zu Botanischen Gärten und Herbarien
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