24,892 research outputs found
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Language Change and SA-OT: The case of sentential negation
No full textSimulated Annealing for Optimality Theory (SA-OT) updates Optimality Theory by adding a model of performance to a theory of linguistic competence. Our aim is to show that SA-OT can contribute to language change simulations. Performance "errors" are considered to be one of the causes of variation and change. We have chosen to model the evolution of sentential negation (SN). The descriptive background adopts Jespersen's Cycle, according to which the evolution of sentential negation follows three main stages (1. pre-verbal, 2. discontinuous, and 3. post-verbal). Therefore, we advance a novel model for SN, based on SA-OT. It reproduces the three pure and the two observed mixed stages, whereas it correctly predicts the lack of an intermediate stage between 3 and 1. The success of the approach corroborates the computational, performance-based approach to the data. Finally, we employ the iterated learning paradigm to reproduce historical changes in a "simulated corpus study". This enterprise turns out to be more difficult than one would naively believe.Appeared open access as: Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal (CLIN), vol. 1 (2011), pp. 21-40, and is available at http://www.clinjournal.org/sites/default/files/Lopopolo.pdfA. Lopopolo and Biró, T., “Language Change and SA-OT. The case of sentential negation”, Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal, vol. 1, pp. 21-40, 2011.Peer Reviewe
Plotting and Edification in Shakespeare and Wotton
No full textA close study of the rhetorical shaping of speeches in 2 Henry iv and Coriolanus, reveals that Shakespeare shaped his speeches, particularly those of the main characters in accordance with a rhetoric that emphasises them by a judicious placing of verbal repetitions. In so doing his practice coincides with Humanist ideals of composition and with Marlowe’s use of figurative rhetoric in his plays. This type of plotting is a prominent feature of Elizabethan compositional practice. Henry Wotton’s The Elements of Architecture (1624) today appears as a rearguard attack on the aesthetics of 16th and early 17th–century Italy, when he had been James i’s Ambassador to Venice, and an intended defence of the ideals of his youth. Rather than returning to London with a work praising the maraviglia and novelty of Italian art forms, he criticises the incipient Baroque taste on moral grounds and favours the utilitarian and civic art forms of the 15th Century. Form suited to content and function is the ideal of an art that relies on inner design rather than excessive ornament. These are also the ideals of Elizabethan poetics between Wills and Sidney. Wotton’s work is in many ways a time capsule, but like the plotted speeches in Coriolanus, it preserves an Elizabethan aesthetic that suggests how Shakespeare was inspired by Early Renaissance Italian aesthetic ideals, although with an awareness of recent developments in poetics and style, as is seen in 2 Henry iv.Un examen approfondi de la construction rhétorique des tirades dans 2 Henry iv et Coriolanus révèle que Shakespeare façonnait ses tirades, et en particulier celles des protagonistes, en accord avec une rhétorique qui les renforce à l’aide de répétitions verbales judicieusement placées. Ce faisant, sa pratique coïncide avec les idéaux humanistes de composition et avec la rhétorique figurative que Marlowe utilise dans ses pièces. Ce genre de disposition est un trait typique de la pratique de composition élisabéthaine. The Elements of Architecture (1624) de Henry Wotton apparaît aujourd’hui comme une attaque d’arrière-garde de l’esthétique italienne du xvie et du début du xviie siècle, lorsque Wotton était ambassadeur de Jacques ier à Venise, ainsi qu’une défense des idéaux de sa jeunesse. Plutôt que de rentrer à Londres avec un ouvrage faisant l’éloge de la nouveauté des formes artistiques italiennes, il critique du point de vue moral le goût baroque naissant et privilégie les formes artistiques fonctionnelles et civiques du xve siècle. La forme adaptée au contenu et à la fonction est l’idéal d’un art qui se fonde sur le dessein intérieur plutôt que sur l’ornement excessif. Ce sont aussi les idéaux de la poétique élisabéthaine partagés par Wills et Sidney. L’œuvre de Wotton est à bien des égards archaïque, mais comme les tirades dans Coriolanus elle préserve une esthétique élisabéthaine qui suggère comment Shakespeare fut inspiré par la première Renaissance italienne, tout en gardant à l’esprit les récents apports poétiques et stylistiques, comme on peut le voir dans 2 Henry iv
Stakeholder research CoVE Water SA: CoVE Water SA the umbrella for all stakeholders
No full textThe water and sanitation sector faces well-documented issues that are challenging to address, leading to the establishment of the Platform of Vocational Excellence (PoVE) Water. This platform brings together five regional Centers of Vocational Excellence (CoVE) Water in Europe and South Africa to ensure high-quality skills and competencies in the water sector. These CoVEs facilitate collaboration among stakeholders, enabling the development of vocational education and training programs to increase awareness, responsiveness to industry needs, and address sector challenges. A few months ago, CoVE Water SA was established in South Africa to achieve the previously mentioned goals. Therefore, it is important that the following research question is answered in this initial set-up phase: What actions need to be taken to enhance the effectiveness of the CoVE Water SA? To answer this research question, several important stakeholders were interviewed. Subsequently, the interviews were analysed thematically in order to extract the most important themes and quotes, PI grids were created to assess power and interest dynamics among stakeholders, and a Social Network Analysis was conducted to understand the CoVE Water SA network and potential clusters.The research findings have unveiled key aspects for enhancing the effectiveness of CoVE Water SA. The current network in the water sector has a low density, implying that many collaborations are lacking. This leads to a high degree of interdependence within the network, resulting in a non dynamic system. The lack of collaborations, such as connections with TVET colleges, schools, farmers and local communities, results in a lack of knowledge, funding and connection to the labour market. Governmental stakeholders, like DWS, EWSeta, and BGCMA, have been identified as influential players with extensive networks and important resources, Local Authorities and Research Organizations also play important roles. Universities exhibit substantial international links, making them crucial contributors. These stakeholders have the potential to provide knowledge, collaboration, and power. These are valuable insights for CoVE Water SA, fostering network growth and effectiveness in the water sector. Furthermore, six key themes have been derived from the conducted interviews, addressing the needs of stakeholders and where CoVE can make a valuable contribution. These themes include raising awareness, reducing the skills gap in the water sector, fostering international collaborations, mitigating the labour shortage in the water sector, improving education material and establishing desired collaborations. For each theme, the interviewed stakeholders have presented their views and numerous suggestions on how CoVE Water SA can assist in addressing these issues. Additionally, stakeholders have also mentioned possible failures of CoVE Water SA, which can aid in preventing any shortcomings of the platform. Furthermore, stakeholders mentioned ongoing initiatives related to the six themes, through which they can contribute to the platform. From the Thematic Analysis, PI Grids and the SNA, a set of actions have emerged that are essential for enhancing the effectiveness of CoVE Water SA. These actions revolve around expanding and enhancing the network, organising activities and contributing to educational improvement. In terms of broadening and strengthening the network, the platform should focus on enhancing the collaborations among educational groups, building stronger relations with international institutions in Europe and Africa, involving TVETs and schools within the water network, improving stakeholder involvement and encouraging the involvement of Local Communities to increase awareness and knowledge about water issues. Furthermore, CoVE Water SA should play a role in organising activities to raise awareness of Water Resource Management. Additionally, it should assist in improving curricula, supporting students’ preparation for the workforce and making the education more practical instead of only theoretical. CoVE Water SA should also provide training and learning resources as well as comprehensive courses.However, this study recognizes several limitations that should be considered in future research and when implementing recommendations for CoVE Water SA. These limitations encompass factors like a limited scope due to resource and time constraints, minimal varied interviewee responses, and potential biases in responses. Addressing these limitations will be crucial in guiding future research and actions for CoVE Water SA.CEGM3000Civil Engineerin
Does the revised cardiac risk index predict cardiac complications following elective lung resection?
No full textBackground:
Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score and Thoracic Revised Cardiac Risk Index (ThRCRI) score were developed to predict the risks of postoperative major cardiac complications in generic surgical population and thoracic surgery respectively. This study aims to determine the accuracy of these scores in predicting the risk of developing cardiac complications including atrial arrhythmias after lung resection surgery in adults.
Methods:
We studied 703 patients undergoing lung resection surgery in a tertiary thoracic surgery centre. Observed outcome measures of postoperative cardiac morbidity and mortality were compared against those predicted by risk.
Results:
Postoperative major cardiac complications and supraventricular arrhythmias occurred in 4.8% of patients. Both index scores had poor discriminative ability for predicting postoperative cardiac complications with an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.59 (95% CI 0.51-0.67) for the RCRI score and 0.57 (95% CI 0.49-0.66) for the ThRCRI score.
Conclusions:
In our cohort, RCRI and ThRCRI scores failed to accurately predict the risk of cardiac complications in patients undergoing elective resection of lung cancer. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) recommendation to seek a cardiology referral for all asymptomatic pre-operative lung resection patients with > 3 RCRI risk factors is thus unlikely to be of clinical benefit
Interview with Erica Jolly - teacher, author and founding member of SA Social Studies Teachers Association
No full textErica is a teacher and author who was a founding member of the SA Social Studies Teachers Association (contributing to its text books) and the SA History Teachers Association. She took her Masters in English Literature at Flinders University and taught in Girls and Boys Technical Colleges for 40 years. Erica's published works include a history of vocational education in South Australia from 1897 - 2001, We Came to Marion 1955 - 1995 (1995), A Broader Vision: Voices of Vocational Education in SA (2001), Challenging the Divide: Approaches to Science and Poetry (2010), and Making a Stand (2015)
Historický vývoj a charakteristika rozvojovej pomoci
No full textV príspevku sa autor zaoberá vývojom povojnových rozvojových teórií, ktorých podstatou je skúmanie príčin, dôsledkov zaostalosti krajín rozvojového sveta a vzniku ekonomických a spoločenských disparít medzi jednotlivými regiónmi sveta. Z chronologického hľadiska sa autor v príspevku venuje relevantným historickým aspektom, ktoré ovplyvnili vznik rozvojovej pomoci vo forme ako ju poznáme v súčasnosti. Východiskovou teóriou zahraničnej rozvojovej pomoci sa stala teória „Začarovaného kruhu chudoby“ a z nej vychádzajú mnohí autori, ktorí hľadajú východiská zo zaostalosti a prehlbovania sa rozdielov medzi vyspelými a zaostalými krajinami sveta. Jednotlivé regióny sú špecifické určitými charakteristikami, ktoré autor rozoberá v poslednej časti príspevku.rozvojové teórie, rozvojová pomoc, zahraničná pomoc, začarovaný kruh
Le Dr Doyen, sa Staphylase et sa Mycolysine
No full textDer Dr Doyen, seine Staphylase und seine Mycolysine.
Der Verfasser gibt einige Auskünfte über diese zwei, von Marcel Proust erwähnte Arzneimittel, und deren Hersteller, Eugène-Louis Doyen, 1859 geboren.Dr Doyen, his Staphylase and his Mycolysine.
The author provides some information on these two medications mentioned by Marcel Proust, and on their discover, Eugène-Louis Doyen, born in 1859.Lefebvre Thierry. Le Dr Doyen, sa Staphylase et sa Mycolysine. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 79ᵉ année, n°289, 1991. pp. 193-198
Drivers of burrow symbiont distribution in a softsediment system: host abundance or burrow trophic environment?
No full textThe Langebaan Lagoon sandflats are dominated by the burrowing activities of thalassinid shrimps. Their burrows are home to various burrow symbionts including a commensal shrimp (Betaeus jucundus), a six-legged crab (Spiroplax spiralis) and a scaleworm (Antinoe lactea). Little work has been conducted on these burrow symbionts, and the mechanisms influencing their abundance and distribution are unknown. To test whether host abundance or the burrow trophic environment (i.e. food availability) is the dominant force shaping patterns of burrow symbiont distribution, samples of host and symbiont abundances as well as chlorophyll-a and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) measurements were taken from three sites in Langebaan Lagoon over spring and autumn. Clear signals emerged in contradiction of the hypothesis that burrow symbiont abundances peak in areas associated with high abundances of hosts. Host abundances peaked at Bottelary (10.18 counts/site ± 1.02 SE), a site where recreational activities and thalassinid shrimp bait collection are prohibited. In contrast, peak B. jucundus abundance (6.56 counts/site ± 0.37 SE) occurred at Oesterval during September – the muddy sediment of the site resulted in high sedimentary food retention and the September spring phytoplankton bloom resulted in peak chlorophylla (234.12 mg chl-a/g sediment ± 42.74 SE) and EPS (0.13 mg EPS/g sediment ± 0.008 SE) concentrations. Regression analyses confirmed that food availability was the best explanation of the patterns observed in B. jucundus distributions, over and above that of host distributions. S. spiralis and A. lactea did not show this pattern, the result of the low counts of these species in the collected samples or their reliance on food sources different to those depended on by B. jucundus. These results are of consequence in changing the way we think about symbiont distributions relative to that of the hosts, in that the two may not be linked directly, but rather influenced by larger scale trophic changes such as the availability of food within the burrow
Corporate author.1. Concept
No full text43-49<span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">First
of a series of papers as a basis for the discussion of the IFLA to arrive at
international agreement on corporate body - Heading. As the starting point,
gives a precise definition of "Corporate Body" and of its four
species, "Government" "Institution", "Conference"
and "Organ". Defines also author and gives criteria for
distinguishing between "Personal Author" and" Corporate
Author".</span
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