3,630 research outputs found
Competition, coexistence and diversity on rocky shores
No full textThe question "Why are there so many species?" has puzzled ecologist for a long time. Initially, an academic question, it has gained practical interest by the recent awareness of global biodiversity loss. Species diversity in local ecosystems has always been discussed in relation to the problem of competi tive exclusion and the apparent contradiction between the competitive exclu sion principle and the overwhelming richness of species found in nature. Competition as a mechanism structuring ecological communities has never been uncontroversial. Not only its importance but even its existence have been debated. On the one extreme, some ecologists have taken competi tion for granted and have used it as an explanation by default if the distribu tion of a species was more restricted than could be explained by physiology and dispersal history. For decades, competition has been a core mechanism behind popular concepts like ecological niche, succession, limiting similarity, and character displacement, among others. For some, competition has almost become synonymous with the Darwinian "struggle for existence", although simple plausibility should tell us that organisms have to struggle against much more than competitors, e.g. predators, parasites, pathogens, and envi ronmental harshness
Synthesis: Back to Santa Rosalia, or No Wonder There Are So Many Species
No full textModern competition research started with G.E. Hutchinson’s, Homage to Santa Rosalia, and his now-famous question “why are there so many species?” (Hutchinson 1959,1961). This confronted observed species richness with the competitive exclusion principle, a principle that had been derived from theory and from highly artificial experiments. It would always have been easy to point at the “artificial” character of the competitive exclusion principle. Indeed many researchers have refused to deal with Hutchinson’s question because they considered it a pseudo-problem, which arose from a contradiction between overly simplified theory and complicated reality. However, those who took Hutchinson’s challenge seriously have gained fundamental insights into how competition plays out in nature, how species coexist, and how communities function. In this final chapter we attempt to synthesize these insights as they have been presented in this book. We focus on six key topics:
- Identification of major trade-off axes (Sect. 8.1)
- Confirmation of the “intermediate disturbance hypothesis”, and detection of interactions among competition, resource supply, predation and disturbance in field experiments (Sect. 8.2)
- The interplay of space colonization, dispersal and neighborhood competition in sessile communities (Sect. 8.3)
- Potential for chaotic, self-generated heterogeneity in communities (Sect. 8.4)
- Role of exclusive resources in competition among mobile animals (Sect. 8.5)
- Coexistence by slow exclusion (Sect. 8.6
Letter of concern from Boris Drasin, President of the Jersey Homesteads Industrial Cooperative Association
No full textJersey Homesteads (later renamed the Borough of Roosevelt) was established in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative community. It was established specifically for urban Jewish garment workers, many of whome had emigrated from Europe. In this letter, Boris Drasin, a community leader who was the President of the Jersey Homesteads Industrial Cooperative Association, expresses his concerns to their management corporation (Consumers Wholesale Clothiers, Inc.) about how financial losses will impact the lives of Roosevelt's residents, three-fourths of whom depended on the garment factory for their livelihoods. He makes suggestions as to how the situation might be improved
Widespread Expression of BORIS/CTCFL in Normal and Cancer Cells
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Boris Smolar papers, undated, 1913-1985.
No full textThis collection contains materials pertaining to the life and career of Boris Smolar, a journalist and editor-in-chief of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency and an author of children's books.Gift of Leivy Smolar
A theory of global biodiversity Monographs in population biology./ Boris Worm and Derek P. Tittensor.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.1 online resource
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Worm Algorithm for Problems of Quantum and Classical Statistics
No full textThis is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv.This is a chapter of the multi-author book “Understanding Quantum Phase Transitions,” edited by Lincoln Carr and published by Taylor & Francis. In this chapter, we give a general introduction to the worm algorithm and present important results highlighting the power of the approach
Time series to accompany, "Top-down and bottom-up forces interact at thermal range extremes on American lobster".
No full text<p>Data file (.csv) to accompany,"Top-down and bottom-up forces interact at thermal range extremes on American lobster", Figure 2, under review with the Journal of Animal Ecology.</p>
<p>Authors: Stephanie A. Boudreau (a) ([email protected]), Sean C. Anderson (b), Boris Worm (a)</p>
<p>Addresses: (a) Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada (b) Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada</p>
<p>The data in this study are from pre-existing datasets which were collated, but not created, by the authors.</p
Long-Run Development and the New Cultural Economics
No full textThis paper reviews recent economics literature on culture, with an emphasis on its relation to the field of long-run growth and development. It examines the key issues debated in the new cultural economics: causal effects of culture on economic outcomes, the origins and social costs of culture, as well as cultural transmission, persistence, and change. Some of these topics are illustrated in application to the economic analysis of envy-related culture
Making Enterprise Information Systems Resilient Against Disruptive Events: A Conceptual View
No full textEnterprise Information Systems (EIS) are designed to deal with normal variability in their inputs and data. Empowered by CONTEXT-AWARENESS, some EIS even count on sensors and/or data analytics for capturing changes outside of the system. Nevertheless, context-awareness would often fail when EIS are affected by (large-scale) disruptive events, such as disasters, virus outbreaks, or military conflicts. Hence, in the current paper, we take a step forward, by considering context-awareness for disruptive events. We combine context-awareness with risk management techniques, such as FMECA and FTA, that are useful for defining and mitigating risk events. To avoid having to define the likelihood for such very-low-probability disruptive risks, we use CONSEQUENCE-BASED RISK MANAGEMENT rather than traditional risk management. We augment this approach with the context-awareness paradigm, delivering a contribution that is two-fold: (i) We propose context-awareness-related measures and consequence-based-risk-management-related measures, to address disruptive events; (ii) We reflect this in a method featuring the application of context-awareness and risk management for designing robust and resilient EIS.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Policy Analysi
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